INTRODUCTION A society is peaceful, progressing and prosperous if all its members perform their duties towards others in a respectful manner. The promotion of members of society with respect to their life longevity, education decent standard of living (per capita income) is called social development. All segments of society should be kept on the path of peace, prosperity and stability. In this unit we are going to study about social development of children and adults through the process of education and training to prepare them for their future role in the society. Social development can be ensured as per indices set by UNDP and other organizations. OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, the learners will be able to Explain the concept of social development. Compare various theories of social development . Discuss different aspects of nature of social development. Justify the role of family in the social development of adolescent’s . Elaborate the role of peers in social development of young ones . Describe the school role in social development in the light of different theories

1. ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN
UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
ONLINE WORKSHOP
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
IN
ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY
CC 8653
Presented by:
Ch. M. Ashraf
m.ashraf0919@gmail.com
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2. ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY
2
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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https://t.me/duhdra
UNIT-5
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

3. INTRODUCTION
A society is peaceful, progressing and prosperous if all its
members perform their duties towards others in a respectful
manner.
The promotion of members of society with respect to their
life longevity, education decent standard of living (per capita
income) is called social development. All segments of society
should be kept on the path of peace, prosperity and stability.
In this unit we are going to study about social development
of children and adults through the process of education and
training to prepare them for their future role in the society. Social
development can be ensured as per indices set by UNDP and
other organizations. 3
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

4. OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the learners will be able to
• Explain the concept of social development
• Compare various theories of social development
• Discuss different aspects of nature of social development
• Justify the role of family in the social development of
adolescent’s
• Elaborate the role of peers in social development of young ones
• Describe the school role in social development in the light of
different theories
4
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

5. THEORIES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
1. Attachment theory of social development
Attachment of care givers with the child provides a foundation
for all future social development (Bowlby, 1988).
2. Psychological Theory of personality Development
Eriskon (1950) theory related to the social development.
i. Trust VS Mistrust
ii. Autonomy VS shame and doubt
iii. Initiative VS guilt
iv. Industry VS inferiority
5
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

6. THEORIES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
3. SOCIAL INTEREACTION THEORY OF SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
Vygotsky (1978) argued that the cognitive functions are connected to
the external (social) world .He gave two concepts
a. A zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Children learn in a systematic and logical way as a result of dialogue
/interaction with a more skilled or competent adult or a peer.
Lower Boundary of ZPD: Performance of the child without assistance
and Upper Boundary of ZPD: No performance with the assistance of
the teacher
When engaged in “Scaffording” the teacher is involved in the initial
stages of learning and provides less support, eventually the child
demonstrates mastery of task alone.
6
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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7. THEORIES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
4. ECOLOGICAL THEORY OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Bronfenbrenner (1979) says that people develop within three
environmental systems.
a. Micro-systems (school and classroom)
b. Macro-system (larger one affecting all individuals – practical,
conceptual age)
c. Meso-system - (family and school experiences as well as
interpreter of the macro-system)
7
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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8. THEORIES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
5. CONSTRUCTIVIST’S THEORY OF SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
Bandura (1965, 1977, 1986) Three categories can influence on
developing social competence and are related reciprocally.
a) Behaviours that the child and adolescent observe within home
or culture
b) Cognitive factors - expectations of success
c) Social factors - classroom and school climate
8
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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9. NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SELF
Self-Concept
• The existential self
• The categorical self
Carel Rogers (1959) believes that the self-concept has three
different components.
•Self-image
•Self-esteem or self -worth
•What you wish you were really like (ideal self)
9
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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10. NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SELF
-Self-Image (What you in yourself)
Self-image is affected by some factors - parental influences,
friends etc.
-Self-Esteem and self –worth:-
(The extent to which you value yourself)
-Ideal-Self
(What you’d like to be)
Incongruent Congruent
Fig – A Fig - B
10
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Self -image Ideal-self
Self
Image
Ideal
Self

11. NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SELF
Four major factors which influence development of congruence
i. The way in which others react to you
ii. How you think you compare to other
iii. Your social roles
iv. The extent to which you identify with other people
11
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12. NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SELF
-Self- concept theory (How do you see yourself)
3.Aspects of self-concept theory
▪ Self-concept is learned (A product of socialization and
development)
▪ Self-concept is organized
▪ Self-concept is dynamic
12
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13. FAMILY RELATIONSHIP AND ADOLESCENCE
• Open communication
• Family environment
• Changing role of parents
• Role modeling
• Parental monitoring
13
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14. PEER RELATIONSHIP IN ADOLESCENCE
From infancy to adulthood, peer relations affect one’s personality
from all aspects. Early problems with peers have negative
consequences for child’s later social and emotional development
Development in adolescence
Peer relationship in childhood are often helpful in making the
young realize their own worth and capabilities. These relations
have great impact on their social and moral development
• Friendship advances
• Peer interaction in development and socialization
14
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M.Ashraf
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15. PEER RELATIONSHIP IN ADOLESCENCE
❖ Perspective from personality theory
(How someone differs from another)
Theories of personality development
❖ Psychoanalytic and Neo-psychoanalytic views
Some theorists like Sigmund Freud, Erikson, Jung etc gave little
importance to friendship and peer experiences for personality
development. However peer groups can play a role in the process
of personality development on the following grounds.
a. Peers do not arouse anxiety or guilt
b. Peer group respects competencies and guide the adolescents in
social and personal issues
c. The peers provide critical feedback about the adolescents
attributes.
15
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16. PEER RELATIONSHIP IN ADOLESCENCE
❖ Sullivan’s Psychiatry of Interpersonal Relationships
Sullivan described five basic social needs across the period
from infancy to adolescence: Tenderness, co-participation in
sports, acceptance by others, interpersonal intimacy and sexual
contact which are fulfilled by parents, peers, same sex best friends
and opposite sex partners
16
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17. PEER RELATIONSHIP IN ADOLESCENCE
❖ Havighurst’s Developmental Task Approach
According to Havighurst’s adaptation to peers can be viewed as
one of main important “tasks” in development. Happiness and
unhappiness is based on the achievement of these tasks.
Havighurst stresses on peer relationship as a task of childhood
Other tasks in middle childhood
− Development of social skills.
− The learning of appropriate social attitudes.
− Achievement of personal independence.
17
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18. PEER RELATIONSHIP IN ADOLESCENCE
❖ Developmental Constructivist Approach
Piaget (1932) and Vygotsky (1978) have stressed how structural
features of interpersonal relationships influence the development
of knowledge, language, social problem-solving skills and moral
behavior.
Hartup (1989) characterized distinction between horizontal VS
vertical relationships.
❖ Cognitive Development
Piaget and Vygotsky - Constructivists hold that peer interaction
can promote cognitive status of children.
Parent’s Role (To be aware of the peers’ activities)
18
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19. SCHOOL ROLE IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
1. Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy
1. Attachment theory
2. Control theory
i. Involvement in social unit
ii. Attachment
iii.Commitment to the unit
iv. Belief in the values of the unit
19
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M.Ashraf
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20. SCHOOL ROLE IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
3.The Social Development Model
Children's’ are socialized through four processes.
o Perceived opportunities for involvement in interaction with
others
o Actual involvement
o Skill for involvement / interaction
o Perceived rewards from involvement and interaction
20
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21. 21
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SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

22. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING
THEORIES REGARDING INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
22
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