A legal and management (1)

Apprentice Health and Safety
Awareness Training

• 1 day Health and Safety Awareness course designed
to enhance the safety of apprentices in the
construction industry
• Created by the Scottish Building Apprenticeship and
Training Council (SBATC)
• Approved by the Construction Skills Certification
Scheme (CSCS)
Health and Safety Awareness Training

• Plastic ‘bank card’ sized document that is important
in verifying your identity and certification level to
various stakeholders in the construction industry
• Increasingly required to gain access to site
• Some apprentices may already possess a Green
(Labourer / General Operative) CSCS card – a new
card will be required to reflect your position as an
apprentice
CSCS Cards

Health and Safety Awareness Training
• Information displayed on the card includes your name, CSCS
number, trade, photograph and the card expiry date
• Valid for 4.5 years for all Scottish apprentices
• SBATC logo displayed on the reverse to verify apprenticeship
registration
CSCS Apprentice Card

• Your photograph will be taken, stored on the SBATC
database and displayed on your CSCS card
• CSCS photograph specifications;
• Passport style photograph
• Taken against a plain background, in colour, clear and in
focus
• Looking at camera, eyes open, no ‘red eye’
• Free from reflection and glare form glasses
• Natural expression with mouth closed
• No sunglasses, hats, caps, shadows and without hair
covering your face
Photographs

You will be issued with a red ‘Apprentice’ CSCS card if:
• You satisfy the instructor that you have offered your
full attention throughout this health and safety
awareness course (i.e. participation and completion of
workbook)
and….
• Your employer registers your apprenticeship with
SBATC

• Your employer should register your apprenticeship
with SBATC within 8 weeks of your apprenticeship
commencing
• The SBATC registration process involves the
submission of an indenture agreement form signed
by you, your employer and a parent or guardian (if
appropriate)
• Your employer pays for the issue of the card through
the SBATC registration fee
SBATC Registration

• The card will be posted directly to your home
address as recorded on your SBATC indenture
agreement
• You should inform your employer once you have
received your CSCS card
• Important to retain the card in good condition;
• Your employer may require you to display CSCS
certification in order to allow you access to site
• £30 fee for replacement cards to be issued

General Responsibilities
Consultation
Law and Enforcement
Section A: Legal and Management

• Construction is an exciting industry
• Wide opportunity for career options and prospects
• Innovative work practices….
• But also one of the UK’s most dangerous
environments because of the ever changing
landscape of the working situation
• Apprentices are particularly vulnerable to suffering
accidents due to lack of experience and knowledge
Introduction

Facts:
• Around 2.1 million people employed in UK Construction
• Approximately 175,000 construction firms
• 90% of firms employ less than 10 workers
• Approximately 50+ fatalities per year
• Around 2500 major injuries per year
Construction Facts

This course is designed to help keep you safe by;
• Making you aware of the steps and procedures in
place to develop and enforce health and safety across
the industry
• Help you understand your role in achieving safe
conditions at work
• Help you understand the significance of the Health
& Safety at Work Act and other legislation
Your Safety

Aims and objectives of the course:
• To ensure Industry has a competent workforce
• To increase worker participation in health and safety
• Enable you to contribute to safety through consultation
Cooperation is a key strategy in health and safety management
Competence is achieved through:
• Training
• Knowledge
• Experience
Aims and Objectives

General Responsibilities, Consultation
and Law Enforcement

In the construction sector the management of health
and safety is the responsibility of the Site Manager….
…. however it is everyone's responsibility to work
safely and report unsafe conditions on site
How is health and safety managed and reinforced on
site?
Managing Health and Safety

Health and Safety on site is reinforced by;
• Health & Safety Policy (this sets out how Health and Safety
is managed within the Company)
• Site Inductions (explain the health and safety rules of the
site)
• Toolbox Talks (short training sessions on Health and Safety
topics)
• The explanation of Risk Assessments and Method
Statements
• The enforcement of permit-to-work systems
Managing Health and Safety

Other methods of communication might include:
• Safety briefings
• Posters
• Suggestion boxes
• Consultation meetings
• Open door policies
Sharing Information and Knowledge

Site Managers must:
• Know when you are on site
• Give you a site induction
• Give you specific site information
• Encourage communication
• Keep you up to date and informed
Employer Responsibilities

All employees, including apprentices, must;
• Respect and follow site rules
• Safely prepare for each task
• Carry out each task responsibly
know when to stop i.e. if anything is unsafe
• Report anything that is unsafe
• Cooperate and get involved
• Continue with life-long learning
Employee Responsibilities

• For Health and Safety purposes the legal system has
different strands:
• Common Law - law that has evolved over the years -
based on the principle of natural justice and fairness
• Contract Law – your SBATC indentured agreement
with your employer
• Statute Law – law made (and changed) by the
Government of the day
Legal System

• Health and Safety in the workplace is enshrined in
the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 (HASAWA)
• This is the primary legislation
• Additional Regulations deal with the detail of the
legal standards employers must meet
Statute Law

The Health & Safety at Work Act is important
because:-
• It places legal duties on you as an employee
(you must work safely)
• It places legal duties on your employer (who
must provide a safe place of work)
• The Health and Safety at Work Act also applies
to the self employed
• The Act is enforced by the Health and Safety
Executive (HSE)
Health and Safety and the Law

The purpose of the Health and Safety at Work Act is….
• To raise the standards of health and safety for
people at work
• But also to protect people not at work but whose
health and safety is at risk by the activities of people
who are at work
…. intended to protect everybody
Health and Safety at Work Act

What should an employer do for you?
Provide and maintain:
• Safe and healthy place of work
• Safe systems of work
• Information, instruction, training and supervision
• Safe plant and equipment
• Safe access and egress
• Adequate welfare facilities
• Safe transport and storage of materials and
substances
General Duties of an Employer

Section 9 – Forbids an employer from charging his
employee for any measure which they (the
employer) is required by law to provide.
Other Employer Duties

Section 7 & 8 of the Act requires an employee:
• To take reasonable care of their own health and
safety and others who may be affected by their
acts or omissions
• To co-operate with your employer to enable that
employer to comply with his duties
• These sections create an offence for anyone to
intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse
anything provided in the interests of health and
safety while at work
General Duties of an Employee

Repercussions for breaching the Act…
• Contravention of the Act or any statutory
requirement can lead to summary prosecution
in the Sheriff’s Court or indictment in the High
Court
• Both employer and employee can be prosecuted

• Lower Court (Sheriff’s Court) – Summary
prosecution, £20,000 fine and / or 12 months
imprisonment
• Higher Court – on indictment (judge & jury)
unlimited fine and / or two years imprisonment
• Exceptions for Sections 7 of HASWA - (£5,000)
Health and Safety (Offences) Act

Health and Safety Executive
Health and Safety Executive Inspectors may inspect
any site at any time without notice
Health and Safety Executive Inspectors may issue:
• Improvements Notices (this means you are not
working in a safe way)
• Prohibition Notices (all work subject to the notice
must stop)
• If you are told that a Health and Safety Executive
Inspector is on site you should always carry on
working as normal unless you are asked to stop

Site Induction
• When you first start on site you should always
attend site induction - this is when the health and
safety rules for the site will be explained
• If you do not understand anything the presenter
has said you should always ask the presenter to
explain in further detail
• If after time you feel that the safety rules for the
site are out of date you should always speak to
your supervisor about your concerns

As a minimum site Induction should include the following:
• The site rules
• Where you will be working
• Welfare facilities
• Information on any area where you cannot go
• Emergency and first aid arrangements
• Current site hazards
Site Induction

Situational Awareness

Where and when should situational awareness
techniques be used?
Assessment of your working environment should
occur continually, but especially in the following
situations:
• When beginning work on a new project or contract
• When you think the work environment has
changed since a risk assessment or method
statement was written
• When working with new or different workmates
• Before complacency has set in – it can be a silent
killer!
Situational Awareness Techniques

Get in the habit of regularly pausing to make a quick
mental assessment of your working environment
When doing so, consider the following:
• Is there anything around you that poses a threat to
your health and safety and if so, to what extent?
• Is the threat big enough that you should stop
working?
• Is there anything you can do to safely reduce that
threat in order that you can carry on working safely?
Situational Awareness

• If you see something unsafe or spot a hazard,
don’t walk by
• take responsibility to deal with it
• If you feel you are in any immediate danger to
your health or safety STOP work immediately
and inform your supervisor
Don’t Walk By!

Risk Assessment
(Methodology of Safety)

• By law risk assessments must be completed for all
work activities
• Risk assessments help to identify hazards in the
workplace and how to do a job safely
• You do not have to prepare your own Risk
Assessments – this is an employer responsibility
Risk Assessments

• The findings of a risk assessment will result in
the production of a Method Statement – this
indicates the safest and correct way to do a job,
the level of competency and training required
and the materials, tools and equipment to be
utilised
• If you find that you cannot do a job in
accordance with the method statement you
should not start work until you have spoken to
your supervisor
Method Statements

Hazard:
• anything with the potential to cause harm
(physical presence – electricity, noise, work at
height, use of tools etc)
Risk:
• the likelihood that the hazard will actually cause
harm
Hazard v Risk

• The requirement for Permits to Work will be referred
to during site induction
• Permits to Work allow certain jobs to be carried out
under controlled conditions
• If a job requires a permit you will not be allowed to
start the job until the Permit to Work has been issued
• If a Permit to Work expires before a job is finished you
must stop work until the permit has been replaced
Permits to Work

Accident Preventing
and Reporting

• The construction industry accounts for more than a
quarter of all work related deaths in the UK each year
• The vast majority of death in the workplace involve
falling from height
• Recent statistics show around 2,200 serious injuries
occur from site activities in the UK every year
• For these reasons, effective accident prevention and
reporting procedures are essential
Accident Preventing and Reporting

Accidents in the workplace can be split into three main
categories:
• Serious Accidents (result in death or serious injury)
• Minor Accidents (minor injuries, such as slips, trips and
falls)
• Near misses (incidents where someone could have been
injured)
Accidents and near misses should always be reported to your
supervisor
This enables us learn from them and ensure that they do not
happen again
Accidents in the Workplace

Definition of an Accident?
For Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences
Regulations (RIDDOR):
• An accident is a separate, identifiable, unintended incident
that causes physical injury
• Unplanned, unwanted event or occurrence that may result in
injury to persons and / or damage to plant or property
(Near-miss incident)
RIDDOR

Unsafe Situation Near Miss Accident
Near–miss Incident

Many accidents occur when someone first starts work on site
Why???
• unaware of the health and safety rules or regulations!
Accidents can be avoided by:
• Being fully aware of the safety rules on site (site induction
and any subsequent toolbox talks)
• Being aware of the risk assessment for a task
• Understanding the method statement to carry out the task
Accident Prevention

• Report any unsafe working conditions to your
supervisor, even if another contractor is responsible
• Ensure that your working area is kept clean and tidy
(this helps prevent slips, trips and falls)
Watch
out for
nails!
Accident Prevention

• If you are injured or feel ill in any way always report it to a
first aider
• Make sure any cuts or lacerations are cleaned and treated
by a first aider
• If not your hand could go from looking like this…
• To looking like this…
Accidents

An entry into the Accident Report Book must be filled in if you are
injured in any way, no matter how minor
The following details should be recorded in the Accident Report
Book;
• The date and time of the accident
• Details of the accident
• Accident Report Books must only be filled in by you or by
someone acting for you
Accident Report Books

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous
Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)

The requirements for accident reporting are contained in
the Reporting of Injuries, Disease and Dangerous
Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
• By law some accidents must be reported to the HSE
These include accidents that result in:
• Death
• Specified serious injury
• More than 7 consecutive days off work
Accident Reporting and the Law

Specified injuries Includes:
• A fracture (other than fingers or toes)
• Amputation
• Dislocation of shoulder, hip or knee
• Loss of sight
• Injury resulting from electric shock
Specified Injury

“Specified Major Injury”
RIDDOR

The victim: (i.e you)
pain & suffering; loss of earnings; disability; incapacity
for the same job; incapacity for hobbies
The Employer:
time lost by victim / by others through curiosity etc;
time spent investigating; “down” time; rise in
insurance; prosecution; damage to reputation
The Cost of Accidents

The persons directly involved:
worry & stress; recrimination or guilt; extra work created; loss
of credibility
The working group:
shock; personal grief; low moral follows an accident; loss
production
The nation:
hospital beds occupied; social security payments
The Cost of Accidents

Common causes of accidents include:
• Falling From height
• Slips and falls on the ‘level’
• Manual handling
• Struck by mobile plant
• Trapped in excavation
• Exposure to hazardous substances
• Any others?
Common Types of Accidents

Discuss the following:
1. Unsafe Conditions
2. Unsafe Acts
Safety Discussion

Unsafe conditions may include the following;
• Unstable or dangerous working platforms/areas
• Dangerous machinery
• Missing scaffold rails or edge protection
• Materials and trip hazards on the floor
• Blocked access routes and exits
• Excessive noise levels
• Dust in the air
• External factors such as the weather
Unsafe Conditions

Unsafe acts may include the following examples;
• Failure to report unsafe situations when spotted
• Removing guards from machines
• Failing to undertake inspections or carry out
correctly – e.g. plant, equipment or scaffold
• Removal of guardrails
• Leaving materials on floor
• Blocking walk ways and escape routes
• Cutting corners
• Failure to wear PPE correctly or not wearing PPE
• Putting chemicals in unmarked containers
• Using machines or tools without training.
Unsafe Acts

Problems can arise from employees:
• Their actions or behaviour at work
• Attitude to / perception of safety
“It won’t happen to me”
Individual behaviour is often a factor in accidents.
How do you view safety?
Unsafe Acts

Unsafe people + Unsafe acts = Accidents
How do we change?
• Supervise,
• Educate and Train
Apprentices have an opportunity to change that culture
Behavioural Safety

Behavioural causes of unsafe acts may include;
• Laziness
• Distractions – mobile phones / headphone music
• Forgetfulness
• Personal pressure – get away on time, problems at
home
• Lack of experience or training
• Pressures from peers
Behavioural Safety

• Follow safe systems of work (method
statements)
• Follow site rules
• Don’t take short cuts
• Stop work if there is a problem and report
• Report accidents
• Report near misses
• Cooperate in any investigation
Prevention - Summary

Other problems arising from the workplace:
• Poor housekeeping
• Site layout and space availability
• Ever changing environment
Unfortunately, standards of housekeeping and
workplace layout are low in construction when
compared with other industrial sectors.
Other Factors

Poor communication within work teams:
• Language barriers
• Physical distance between work colleagues
• high levels of background noise
In many accidents those injured are not directly
involved in the task but moving around the site
Other Factors

Injuries on site may Include…
Cuts & Scrapes
Puncture wounds
Burns
Broken
Bones
Electric
shocks
And many more…
Injuries

Employers must provide and inform you of the
following ….
• Trained people to respond to an emergency
• The correct type of first aid equipment
• The location of first aid equipment
• What happens in the absence of the first aider
(an appointed person to take control)
• Supplementary equipment such as stretchers
• First aid rooms
• Any arrangements for lone workers
Employer Responsibilities

What can go wrong?
• Fire
• Collapse of structure
• Persons trapped or needing assistance
• Serious injury
• Chemical spill
• Other examples?
Emergencies

When you arrive on site it is essential that you
understand the Emergency Procedures for the site and
are able to locate:
• The fire exits on site
• The fire assembly points on site
• The emergency telephones numbers for the site
This information may be gained by reading the site
notice boards or attending a site induction
If there is an accident always follow the site emergency
procedures
Emergency Procedures

Should you discover a casualty….
• Make sure you do not place yourself in danger
• Assess the situation
• If safe to do so remove or isolate the hazard
• Go to the casualty and find out what is wrong
• Call for help / emergency services
• Return and keep the casualty calm until help arrives
Casualties

• First Aid on site must only be administered by
qualified First Aiders
• If you are not qualified in First Aid, you should
always ask someone to get the First Aider or ask
someone to call the emergency services
• Remember, if you are not qualified in First Aid you
may do the casualty more harm than good
First Aid Procedures

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