Major breakthrough in the HCCI-VCR Rotary Engine Technology being developed by Customachinery Inc. and Queen's University. The optimization of location and spray angle of the fuel injector leads to very high turbulence and temperature stratification in the combustion chamber, therefore creating the best conditions for an extremely efficient combustion...

1. HCCI Variable Compression Ratio Rotary Engine
Technology Breakthrough – A High Turbulence
Temperature Stratified Combustion Chamber
ROTARY
POWER
CLEAN

2. Roberto Fanara
Customachinery Inc.
President & Founder
THE TEAM
Dr. Gabriel Ciccarelli
Queen’s University
Professor & Researcher
Pouya Mottaghian
Customachinery Inc.
CFD Specialist
Parth Panchal
Queen’s University
Masters candidate

3. CFD ANALYSIS
FUEL INJECTION SPRAY ANGLE OPTIMIZED TO ENHANCE
VAPORIZATION AND TO MINIMIZE WALL WETTING

4. THE FUEL INJECTION PRODUCES
A VORTEX FLOW THAT, COUPLED
TO THE THUMBLE GENERATED BY
THE PLOWING ACTION OF THE
ROTOR, CREATES THE IDEAL
CONDITIONS FOR FUEL MIXING.
THE FINAL “SQUISHED” THUMBLE
AND THE HIGH TURBULENCE
INDUCED IN THE COMBUSTION
CHAMBER ENSURE OPTIMUM
FUEL COMBUSTION CONDITIONS.
EARLY COMPRESSION
LATE COMPRESSION AUTO IGNITION

5. THE FUEL INJECTION IS ALSO
RESPONSIBLE FOR COOLING THE
ZONE CLOSER TO THE INJECTOR,
WHEREAS THE AREAS FURTHER
AWAY REMAIN HOTTER. SUCH
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL IS
MAINTAINED THROUGHOUT THE
COMPRESSION STROKE, CREATING
A DESIRABLE TEMPERATURE
STRATIFICATION TO BETTER
CONTROL HCCI COMBUSTION.
COOLER ZONE
COOLER ZONE
TEMPERATURE
STRATIFICATION

6. COLD AIR STANDARD ANALYSIS
• Compression ratio (Cr), Expansion ratio (Er), and load assumptions:
• 𝐶𝑟1 = 10.0, 𝐶𝑟2 = 15.4, 𝐶𝑟3 = 20.2, 𝐶𝑟4 = 24.8
• E 𝑟1 = 10.0, 𝐸𝑟2 = 18.9, 𝐸𝑟3 = 24.8, 𝐸𝑟4 = 30.5
• 𝑞𝑖𝑛1
= 𝑞𝑖𝑛2
= 2943𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔, 𝑞𝑖𝑛3
= 1335𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔, 𝑞𝑖𝑛4
= 387𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
• m 𝑒𝑝 =
𝜂𝑄23 𝑚
(𝑉4−𝑉2)
, 𝑚𝑒𝑝2 = 15𝑏𝑎𝑟, 𝑚𝑒𝑝3 = 7.5𝑏𝑎𝑟, 𝑚𝑒𝑝4 = 2.5𝑏𝑎𝑟
• Residual gas mass fraction, fresh air mass, and efficiency calculations:
• 𝑚 𝑒 =
𝑃𝑒 𝐴 𝑒
𝑅𝑇𝑒
, mass of the residual gas
• 𝑚𝑖 =
𝑃 𝑖 𝐴 𝑖
𝑅𝑇 𝑖
, mass of the fresh air
• 𝑓 =
𝑚 𝑒
𝑚 𝑖+𝑚 𝑒
, residual gas fraction rotary; 𝑓 =
1
𝐶𝑟
𝑃𝑒
𝑃4
Τ1 1.3
Otto cycle
• 𝜂 = 1 −
𝑇4−𝑇1
𝑇3−𝑇2
, thermal efficiency; 𝜂 𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜 = 1 −
1
𝐶𝑟 𝑘−1 (k=1.3)

7. COLD AIR STANDARD ANALYSIS
OTTO reciprocat. − 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑: 𝐶𝑟1 = 10.0, E𝑟1 = 10.0, 𝑞𝑖𝑛1
= 2943𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
HCCI-VCR 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 − 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑: 𝐶𝑟2 = 15.4, E 𝑟2 = 18.9, 𝑞𝑖𝑛2
= 2943𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
HCCI-VCR 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 − 𝑀𝑖𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑: 𝐶𝑟3 = 20.2, E 𝑟3 = 24.8, 𝑞𝑖𝑛3
= 1335𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
HCCI-VCR 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 − 𝐿𝑜𝑤 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑: 𝐶𝑟4 = 24.7, E 𝑟4 = 30.5 , 𝑞𝑖𝑛4
= 387𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
SCENARIOS STATE 1 2 3 4 5 f 𝜼
OTTO RECIPROCATING
HIGH LOAD
P(kpa) 100 1995 11224 562
0.026 0.50
T(K) 324 647 3642 1825
HCCI-VCR ROTARY
HIGH LOAD
P(kpa) 100 3496 16252 357 100
0.059 0.59
T(K) 349 793 3689 1528 1139
HCCI-VCR ROTARY
MID LOAD
P(kpa) 100 4974 12689 195 100
0.087 0.63
T(K) 333 822 2096 800 685
HCCI-VCR ROTARY
LOW LOAD
P(kpa) 100 6487 9258 108 100
0.13 0.69
T(K) 315 824 1176 422 414

8. COLD AIR STANDARD ANALYSIS
● High load thermodynamic efficiency is higher compare to an Otto cycle
due to the higher compression ratio required to achieve auto ignition
● Part load efficiencies are even higher whereas they decrease for an Otto
cycle due to the pumping losses through the throttle at the air intake
𝜂 𝑂𝑇𝑇𝑂−𝐻𝐼𝐺𝐻 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = 50%
𝜂 𝐻𝐶𝐶𝐼 −𝐻𝐼𝐺𝐻 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = 59%
𝜂 𝐻𝐶𝐶𝐼 − 𝑀𝐼𝐷 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = 63%
𝜂 𝐻𝐶𝐶𝐼 −𝐿𝑂𝑊 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = 69%

9. APRIL 2014
CONCEPT / IDEA
MARCH 2015
PCT APPLICATION
SEPTEMBER 2016
US PAT No. 9,435,257
MAY 2017
PROOF OF CONCEPT
FEBRUARY 2018
PRODUCT LAB VALIDATION
DECEMBER 2018
MINIMUM VIABLE
PRODUCT (MVP)
DEMONSTRATION
TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP
MARKET
LICENSING FEES & ROYALTIES
MVP PRECOMERCIALIZATION

10. ROTARY
POWER
CLEAN
For more information please join us at the
Combustion Institute Canadian Section (CI/CS) 2017
or contact Roberto Fanara on LinkedIn or via e-mail at
roberto.fanara@customachinery.com