Mobile, Smartphones, Wi-Fi, and Apps

ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Mobile, Smartphones,
Wi-Fi, and Apps
Mobile,Wi-Fi,Apps.Lecture04,October11,2018

ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Today
01.Tuesday,Oct2
Some
25Years
ofeTourism
02.Thursday,Oct4
Networks
&SocialNetworks.
WebPresence
04. Thursday, Oct11
Mobile,Smartphones,
Wi-Fi,andApps
03.Tuesday, Oct9
Destinations,
theIndustry,
andPeer-To-Peer
06.Thursday, Oct18
WebReputation:
Likes,Engagement
&Sentiment
05.Tuesday, Oct16
Analytics,Insights,
Cookies,andthe
Disappearing
Privacy
07. Tuesday, Oct23
Design:Content,
Copyright
&CreativeCommons
page2Mobile,Wi-Fi,Apps.Lecture04,October11,2018

What Are We Talking About Today?
1. Mobile
2. Different Needs
3. Mobile-Friendliness
4. Geolocation & Georeference
5. Location-Based Services
6. Wi-Fi
7. Apps vs. Websites
Mobile,Wi-Fi,Apps.Lecture04,October11,2018 page3
,KasperskyLabimagecreditstozurb.com

Mobile Is Constantly Increasing
Source:
TheTelegraph
November11,2016
Source:
ComScore
2014
page4

Mobile Is Still Increasing

They’re Around…
imagecredittooneindia.com
Cell
phone
Bag
Shoes
Destination
page6Mobile,Wi-Fi,Apps.Lecture04,October11,2018

Different Needs
Talkingabouttourismandmobility,let’sseenowwhether tourists’needs
areexpressedand addressedviaadesktopcomputer,athomeorinaoffice,
orthroughamobiledevice,i.e.on-the-move.
page7

Information Search
ondestinations
onaccommodation
ontoursorroutes
onairlines,railways,carrental
onpackagedtours
page8
From Home, Or Office,
Before Leaving

Fore-Seeing
throughpictures
throughvideos
throughpresentations
throughvirtualreality
page9
Before Leaving
imagecredittoBusinessinVancouver

Customization
segmentation
downtothesingletourist
privacy–aswewillsee–isdisappearing
page10
Before Leaving
imagecreditto‫פורטוגלי‬ ‫דרכון‬
imagecredittoPushMonkeyBlog

Information Comparison
UserGeneratedContent
Photosharing
Videosharing
page11
Before Leaving

Purchase Of Products
ore-commerce
fromTravelProviders
throughOnLineTravelAgents(OTA)
directlyfromdestinations
fromspecializedpublishers
page12
Before Leaving

Purchase Of Personal Services
localguides
guidedtours
localcourses
(cuisine,arts&craftsetc.)
page13
Before Leaving
imagecredittoPress ReleaseJet
imagecredittoQuébecOriginal
imagecredittoperfectcookery.in

On-The-Move
Now,let'stakeintoconsideration
whichtouristneeds areexpressed
bymobileusers.
page14
On-The-Move,
While Travelling
imagecredittooneindia.com

Local Information
“WhatcanIdo?”
“Willthatvenuestillbeopen?”
“Whatisthisbuilding?”
…throughaugmentedreality,too
page15
On-The-Move,
While Travelling
imagecreditstobrettfish.co.za,giphy

Advice
“Anygoodplacetohaveameal?”
“Anyfreetoiletsinthearea?”
“Anyaffordableactivities?”
page16
On-The-Move,
While Travelling
imagecreditstomapiconscollection

Geographical Positioning
“WhereamI?”
“Whichwaytothemainsquare?”
“WhichwaytomyB&B?”
page17
On-The-Move,
While Travelling
imagecredittoEduVision

Information on Public Transport
“WhichtramwaylineshallItake?Andwherefrom?”
“ShallIpurchaseticketsinadvance?”
“It'slate...Willthetramwaystillberunning?”
On-The-Move,
While Travelling

Reassurance
“Isitgoingtorain?”
“WillIfindaparkingplaceformycar?Where?
Andhowmuchwilltheychargeme?”
“Isthisadangerousarea?”
On-The-Move,
While Travelling
imagecredittoZeroGrid

Communication
“Ineedtoplaceaphonecall!”
“Ineed tosendashortmessage!”
“IwishIcouldvisitthatwebpage...”
page20
On-The-Move,
While Travelling
imagecreditstoproprofs.com

Mobile-Friendliness
Acrucialusabilityproblemfor
smartphonesisthewebsites’
abilitytobefullyreadableon
verysmallmonitors.
Touchscreen,andfingers’size,
isthedefaultonsmartphones...
There’saGoogleToolwhich
testsmobilecompliance,aka
mobile-friendliness.
page21

Mobile-FriendlinessChecked
TheGoogleMobile-Friendlytool
testsmobilecomplianceby
referring tothesourcecodeof
therelevantwebpage.
Atleasttwoapproachesare
availabletosolvethemobile-
friendlinessproblem.
Mobile-friendlywebsitesmay
beeitherresponsiveor
adaptive.
page22

Responsive Websites
Currently,themostpopularsolutionistheresponsiveapproach.
Specificprogramminglanguages,likeCSSandJavascript,areusedinthesource.
ThesameHTMLsourceisusedbyalldevices–fromdesktopthroughtabletsto
page23
smartphones –foritsabilityto
adjusttomonitorsofanysize.
imagecredittozurb.com
Bytheway,CSS(Cascading StyleSheets)
providesgraphicstyleinstructions,while
Javascriptisahigh-levelprogramming
language.
AlongsideCSS and HTML,JavaScriptisnow
acoretechnology oftheWorldWideWeb.

Adaptive Websites
Anotherapproachtosolvethemobile-friendlinessproblem–anapproach
calledadaptive–deliversdifferent webpagesto different devices.
page24
imagecredittozurb.com
Theadaptiveapproach
allowstodiversify
content and
navigationaccording
totheusers’needs.
Thewebserver isinstructed
torecognizethebrowser
used,andthemonitor’ssize.

An Adaptive Websites For A Destination

A Responsive Website For A Destination

An Unfriendly Website For A Destination
 Texttoosmalltoread
 Content widerthanscreen
 Clickableelements too
closetogether

MobileConfigurationsAccordingToGoogle
Source: Google
Responsive
Adaptive
Separate:
choosing
isupto
theuser
cv

Georeference
Severalfunctionsinmobility
dependongeographical
positioning,whichisbased
ongeoreference.
AccordingtoWikipedia,
“togeoreferencesomething
meanstodefineits
existenceinphysicalspace.”
page29
imagecredittoLeapfrog

Longitude and Latitude
Ageographic
coordinatesystem
isneeded,todoso.
Ageographic
coordinatesystem
enablesevery
locationonthe
Earthtobespecified
byasetofnumbers
orletters.
page30

Anyplacecanbedefinedbyitslongitudeandlatitude.
A Longitude and a Latitude
imagecredittojersey.com

The Global Positioning System
TheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)isaspace-basedGlobalNavigation
SatelliteSystem(GNSS)thatprovideslocationandtimeinformationinall
weather,anywhereonorneartheEarth,wherethereisanunobstructedlineof
sighttofourormoreGPSsatellites.
Itismaintained bytheUnitedStatesgovernment andis freelyaccessibleby
anyonewithaGPSreceiver.
CurrentGPS-baseddevicesincludeincarnavigationsystems(likeTomTom)
and–increasingly –smartphoneslikeiPhonesorAndroid-based mobile
phones.
TherearemorethanoneGNSS.Europe,e.g., isdevelopingthe GalileoGNSS.
page32

Or GPS
Satellitesinageostationaryorbit,
whichmakeuptheSpaceSegment,
appeartogroundobserversatafixed
positioninthesky.
AControlSegmentoptimizesthe
processfromtheEarth’ssurface.
Anantennaplacedinthedevice,or
UserSegment,measuresits
distancesfromasetofgeostationary
satellites–sometwentyeachtime.

Points of Interest
Places,whichmaybeinterestingfortourists,havetheirgeoreferenced
positions.Justgeographiccoordinates:longitudeandlatitude.
Georeferenced placesstoredindatasystemsarecalled PointsofInterest(POIs).
page34
imagecredit
togocanvas

Georeferenced POIs
Georeferenced PointsofInterest(POIs)storedindata
systems–likeGoogleMapsorHere–canbe“read”by
users’deviceslikesmartphones.
page35
Ifadevice“knows”its
geographicalposition,
itcan“read”and list
whichPOIscanbe
foundinthearea, and
showdirectionsto
reachthosePOIs.
imagecredits
togocanvas,Dday.it

Google Maps Vs. OpenStreetMap
Currently,themostdiffusedproprietarywebmappingsystemisGoogleMaps.
GoogleMapsreliesondifferentprovidersofGeographicInformationSystems
(GIS)accordingtodifferent countries,andissomehow opposedto
OpenStreetMap,anopensourcemapsystem.
page36
OpenStreetMap isafreeservice.
GoogleMaps,instead, isafreemium
service.Thismeans thatit’sfreefor
those whowanttoembedGoogleMaps
intheirwebsites,butwithlimitations.
IftheGoogleMapsembedded ina
websitearevisitedalot,Googlecharges.

Google Maps Coordinates #1

Becareful,justincase.
Coordinates onGoogleMapsmay
differfromGPScoordinates.
AndGoogleitselfdisplaysboth
DMS(Degrees, Minutes, Seconds)
andDM(DecimalDegrees).

Content Is Often Georeferenced
WebserviceslikeGoogleMapsand
OpenStreetMap,orViaMichelin,are
geographicperse,builtforthepurpose.
Yet,severalotherwebservices make
useofgeographicdata.
Forinstance,atleastthreeofthe
communitiesorsocialnetworking
platformswepreviouslyconsidered
makeuseofgeographicdataroutinely.
page42

Location-Based Services
Thereareseamlessconnectionsamonglocations–tourismlocations,too–,
theirgeographicalrepresentationontheWeb(onGoogleMaps,oron
Foursquare)andyourcustomers’smartphones.
Thisisveryinterestingfromatourismpointofview.
1. YourwebsitecanuseGoogleMapstoprovideyourcustomerswith
directionstoyourdestination oryourbusiness.
2. Yourdestination oryourbusinesscanprovidelocation-basedinformation
abouttouristservices,heritage,andwhat-to-do.
3. Yourdestination oryourbusinesscanprovidesuchlocation-based
informationthroughmobiledeviceslikesmartphones.
page43

Foursquare
Therewasapioneerinthisfield.
TheFoursquareservicewas
createdinlate2008andlaunched
in2009.Itstillworks.
Foursquareisalocalsearch-and-discoveryservicemobileappwhichprovides
search-resultsforitsusers.Itisdeliveredondesktopcomputers,too.
BytakingintoaccounttheplacesthataFoursquareuserhasvisited, thethings
thatshe/helikedbefore,andwhatother usersadvised,Foursquareprovides
recommendationsaboutplacesinthevicinityofher/hiscurrentlocation.
page44

A Social Recommendation System
Whenmentioning DynamicPackaging,weintroduceditasatechnologythat
allowscustomerstobuildtheirowntravelitinerariesbyconsulting
recommendationsfromprevioustouristsandassemblingservicesaccordingly.
WealsoobservedthatDynamicPackagingisoftenconnected with
RecommendationSystems.
page45
Well,FoursquarewasthefirstRecommendation
Systemtobebothsocialandgeoreferenced.
ItsLBS,orLocation-BasedServices,arebasedon
socialsharing. imagecredittobug-software.com

Check-Ins
WhenFacebookintroduced
itsCheck-Infunction–to
markone’s presenceina
POI–itsimplycopiedthat
functionfromFoursquare.
IntheFoursquareplatform,
check-insarecurrently
performedthrough Swarm,
Foursquare’ssisterapp.
page46

Foursquare Sample #1, Mobile Near Me

Foursquare Sample #2, Mobile Search

Foursquare Sample #3, Desktop

Destinations vs. Wi-Fi Coverage
Connections costsareaproblem,which Wi-Ficoveragemayhelptosolve.
“Infrastructure,especiallythosethatsupportdigitalconnectivity, arestrategic
forenablingandsupportingsmartcitytouristservices.
Ofcourse,differentlevelsofcomplexityandcostinfrastructureconnectto
different governancelevels.
Fiber backbonesand 5G networksinvolve nationaland regional government
and high-level decision makerswhereas freeWi-Fidirectlyinvolveslocal
government, municipalityandcitizens.”
Lorenzi,Mancin,Cagol (2014)
page50

Wi-Fi Coverage May Be Insufficient…
imagecredittoveneziaunica.it
imagecredittoKasperskyLab

Apps, Apple, and Closed Worlds
Themobilephonetechnologyhaschanged
people’shabits.Smartphonesarenow
morepopularthanwristwatches.
ApplehasimposedtheiPhonemodel,a
closedworld whereyouenter onlyby
acceptingApple'soperatingsystemiOS,
andgraduallyadding specificapplications.
Thisisthemodelwehavetorefer to,when
wetalkofapps.

Apps vs. Websites
Verysimilarly,Googlehasimposeditsown
Androidoperatingsystemworldwide.
PeopleofteninstalliOSorAndroid
“horizontal”apps,asforsocialnetworks,
transportormaps.
Lessoftendotheydownload “vertical”
appsforasingletownoraresort...
Individualtowns,resorts orcultural
institutionsareingrowingneedofmobile-
friendlywebsites.

Today’s Key Points
1. When Out Of Home, People Have Different Needs
2. For Websites, Mobile-Friendliness Is A Must
3. Any Place Can Be Defined By Its Longitude and Latitude
4. Location-Based Services Are Services Based On Locations
5. Wi-Fi Coverage Is Increasingly Crucial
6. The Web Is An Open World, While Apps Are Closed Worlds
7. Tourist Apps Are Worthwhile If They Are “Horizontal”

Thanks For Your Attention
page55
PicturebyNhat Vuong fromthe2014 Workshop

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