Interpersonal Communication & Relationship is a chapter which belong to the subject Communication & Education Technology for the second year BSc Nursing student according to their curriculum. this ppt will help you to understand regarding the difference between inter & intrapersonal communication, problems in professional communication & effective ways to maintain a good communication with others & the different techniques associated with it. along with that it also talks about inter & intrapersonal relationships, ways to maintain a professional relationship, types of interpersonal relationship, problems etc. Johari window is well explained here. I hope this ppt will be beneficial.
5. ⚫It is inescapable, irreversible, complicated
& contextual form of communication.
# It is defined as a dynamic process involving
continual adaptation & adjustments between two or
more human beings engaged in face to face
interactions during which each person is continually
aware of the others
6. Purposes
⚫Convey & receive information
⚫ Enhance the attitude & behaviour of the sender &
receiver.
⚫Maintain relationships with others.
⚫Identify, express & understand the needs of oneself &
others.
⚫Give & accept emotional support
⚫Able to make decisions & solve problems
9. Direct Interpersonal Communication
⚫Face to face interaction btw persons, who are
independent.
1. Dyadic interpersonal communication
btw two persons.
Eg: nurse & patient, teacher & student
2. Group interpersonal communication
btw 3 or more numbers. Goal oriented.
Eg: Nurse gives health education to a group of
patients
10. 3. Public interpersonal communication
involves large group. Monologue style.
Eg: presentation during conferences
4. Organisational interpersonal communication
within a large organisation
Eg: head nurse conducts meeting with staff nurses
in the unit.
5. Family interpersonal communication
within families.
11. Mediated interpersonal communication
⚫Use of technology in the field of communication. Eg:
use of telephone, mail, fax
1. Dyadic interpersonal communication
communication btw two people but not face to face.
Eg: telephone, mail
2. Group interpersonal communication
involves small group of people to communicate but
not face to face
Eg : teleconfernce
12. ⚫Mass Communication
it is a public form of communication, involving
large & diverse audience.
Eg: radio, newspaper TV, magazines
⚫Transpersonal communication
Btw a person & his spiritual being.
Eg: prayer, meditation, religious rituals
13. Forms of Interpersonal Communication
⚫VERBAL COMMUNICATION
⚫NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
⚫SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION
⚫META COMMUNICATION
15. Non verbal communication
The different non verbal behaviours are:-
⚫Personal appearance
⚫Posture & Gait
⚫Facial expression
⚫Eye contact
⚫Gestures
⚫Sounds
⚫Territoriality & Personal space
16. ⚫Symbolic communication
eg : art & music
⚫Meta communication
“ communication about communication”
“message within the message”
17. Stages....
⚫ Knapp’s relationship escalation model & Knapp’s
relationship termination model.
Coming together Coming apart
Relational
maintenance
Differentiati
ng
Circumscribi
ng
Stagnation
Avoiding
Terminating
Intensifying
Integration
Initiating
Bonding
Integrating
18. Barriers in Interpersonal communication
⚫Process barrier
⚫ Personal barrier
1. emotional barrier
2. desire to participate barrier
3. desire to explore barrier
⚫Physical barrier
⚫Semantic barrier
⚫Systematic barriers
19. Measures to overcome barriers
⚫ Use simple words
⚫ Keep away the emotions
⚫ Have constructive feedback
⚫ Learn art of learning while communicating
⚫ Maintain eye contact
⚫ Understand feelings of each other
⚫ Use right communication channel
⚫ Use language that will fix the audience
⚫ Maintain integrity and honesty
⚫ Reduction in noise level
22. ⚫In the view of Hildegard Peplau, nursing should be
considered as a “ significant, therapeutic, and
interpersonal process”
⚫Components of Nurse- Client Relationship
1. TRUST
2. RESPECT
3. PROFESSIONAL INTIMACY
4. EMPATHY
5. POWER
24. Phases of IPR
Phases of
IPR
Working
phase
Introductory
/
Orientation
phase
Pre-
interaction
phase
Terminatio
n phase
25. Barriers of Interpersonal Relationship
Therapeutic impasses are the blocks/ barriers in the
progress of the nurse - patient relationship. The four
common therapeutic impasses are:-
1. RESISTANCE
2. TRANSFERENCE
3. COUNTER TRANSFERENCE
4. BOUNDARY VIOLATIONS
26. RESISTANCE
It is the patient’s reluctance or avoidance of talking
about oneself.
CAUSES
⚫ Nurse moved too quickly into the patient’s feelings
⚫ Intentional or unintentionally conveyed lack of
respect
Overcoming Resistance
⚫ Active listening
⚫ Clarify the informations provided
⚫ Reflect the feelings of the patient so that patient can
understand & aware of what is going on in hismind.
27. ⚫ Explore the behavior to find the possible reason
⚫ Maintain open communication with the supervisor
TRANSFERENCE
It is an unconscious response in which patient
experience feelings & attitude toward the nurse that
were originally associated with other significant
others in their life. There are two types of
transference:-
1. Hostile Transference
patient internalizes the anger & hostility.
Express as depression & discouragement.
28. Dependent Reaction Transference
This is characterised by patients who are
submissive, subordinate & ingratiating & who regard
the nurse as god like figure. Patient continues to
demand on nurse.
Overcoming Transference
⚫ The nurse should assist the patient in sorting out
their past from the present.
⚫ Assist the patient in identifying the transference &
re-assign a new appropriate meaning to the current
nurse - patient relationship
29. ⚫ Teach them to assume responsibility of their own
behaviors, feeling & thoughts.
COUNTER TRANSFERENCE
It is created by the nurse’s emotional response to
the qualities of the patient. Happens in the nurse
towards the patient. 3 types of counter
transference:-
1. Reactions of intense love & caring
2. Reactions of intense disgust or hostility
3. Reactions of intense anxiety, often in response to
resistance by the patient.
30. Forms of counter transferences:-
⚫ Inability to empathize with the patient
⚫ Depressed feelings during or after duty
⚫ Carelessness about implementing the contract by
being late, running overtime etc.
⚫ Drowsiness during the shift
⚫ Feeling anger or impatience bcoz of patient’s
unwillingness to chance
⚫ A tendency to focus repeatedly on one aspect
presented by the patient.
31. Management of Counter transference
⚫ Therapeutic relationship need not be terminated,
but should be supervised.
⚫ The supervisor should support the nurse to
understand the feelings of counter transference
⚫ If nurse identifies the counter tranferance by
herself, she should discuss it with her seniors
⚫ Peer consultation & professional meeting is helpful
32. BOUNDARY VIOLATIONS
This occurs when a nurse goes outside the boundaries
of the therapeutic relationships & establishes a social,
economic or personal relationship with a patient.
Different ways of boundary violations are:-
1. Intimacy & Sexual boundaries
: Intimate behavior & sexual contact with a patient
are serious boundary violations
2. Role boundaries
3. Time boundaries :- odd & unusual treatment
hours
33. 4. Place & Space boundaries
: these are related to the place where the treatment
occurs
: time spent by a nurse in a patient’s room
5. Money boundaries
6. Clothing boundaries
7. Language boundaries
8. Self disclosure boundaries
9. Gift boundaries
35. ⚫ American psychologists, Joseph Luft & Harrington
Ingham in 1955 developed JOHARI WINDOW
⚫ This model helps to understand their relationship
with themselves & with others.
⚫ Disclosure/ Feedback Model of Self-Awareness or
Information Processing Tool
⚫ This model has got four square grid like windows
which represents four regions/ area related to self-
awareness
36. Known to self Unknown to self
Known to
others
Unknown to
others
OPEN SELF
Information about you that
both you & other know
BLIND SELF
Information about you that you
don’t know but other do know
HIDDEN SELF
Information about you that you
know but other don’t know
UNKNOWN SELF
Information about you know
that neither you nor other know
37. Principles
⚫ A change in any one quadrant affects all other
quadrants.
⚫ The smaller the quadrant 1, the poor the
communication
⚫ Interpersonal learning means that a change has
taken place, so quadrant 1 is larger & one more of
the other quadrant is smaller
38. GOALS
To increase the size of your OPEN SELF. Benefits are:-
⚫ to build trust with others by disclosing information
about oneself
⚫ to get help from others in learning about oneself &
grow as aperson
39. STEPS
1. Enlarge the First quadrant
2. Reduce the size the SECOND quadrant by listening
to & learning from others
3. Reducing the size of quadrant THREE by self
disclosing or revealing the important aspects of self
to others.
40. DRAWBACKS
⚫ not communicated with others
⚫ people may further pass on information they
received than you desire or use it in a negative way.