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2. Important Areas
of Philosophy
Presented by:
Syeda Sumia Khalid
Umme Habiba
Narmeen Fraz
Anum Shehzadi
Sajda Aish

3. Philosophy:
• Philosophy is the study of general and
fundamental problems, such as those
connected with reality, existence,
knowledge, values, reason, mind and
language.

4. Educational philosophy:
• An educational philosophy is a personal
statement of a teacher's guiding principles
about "big picture" education-related
issues, such as how student learning and
potential are most effectively maximized,
as well as the role of educators in the
classroom, school, community, and
society.

5. Areas of philosophy:
• Philosophy is a complex field that has
many different areas of thought. There are
three major areas of philosophy of
education. Each branch focuses on a
different aspect and is central to your
teaching. The three branches of
philosophy are:

6. Continue…
• Metaphysics or ontology; what is the
nature of reality?
• Epistemology; what is the nature of
knowledge? How do we come to know?
• Axiology; what values should one live by?

7. Philosophical Branches:
Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology
Reality Knowledge Values
Logic
• Deductive
• Inductive
Ethics (moral values)
Aesthetics (beauty)

8. Metaphysics:
What is the nature of REALITY?

9. Metaphysics:

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• Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy
responsible for the study of existence.
• It answers the question "What is?" It
encompasses everything that exists, as
well as the nature of existence itself.
• It says whether the world is real, or merely
an illusion.

11. Importance of Metaphysics:
• Metaphysics is the foundation of
philosophy.
• Without an explanation or an interpretation
of the world around us, we would be
helpless to deal with reality.
• Without this firm foundation, all knowledge
becomes suspect.

12. Key Elements of a Metaphysics:
• Reality is absolute. It has a specific nature
independent of our thoughts or feelings.
• The world around us is real. It has a
specific nature and it must be consistent
to that nature.
• A proper metaphysical worldview must
aim to understand reality correctly.

13. Continue…Metaphysics:
Basics Specifics Technicalitie
•Axiom
•Existence Exists
•Identity
•Consciousness
•Reality is
Absolute
•Causality
•Nothing
•Contradiction
•An Entity is a Sum of
Its Parts
•Mental Entities
•The Metaphysical
Versus the Man-Made

14. Epistemology:
What is the nature of knowledge?
How do we come to know?

15. Epistemology:

16. Epistemology:
• Investigation into the grounds and nature
of knowledge itself
• It focuses on:
– our means for acquiring knowledge
– and how we can differentiate between truth
and falsehood.
• Modern epistemology generally involves:
– a debate between rationalism and empiricism
– or the question of whether knowledge can be
acquired a priori or a posteriori.

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It is importance because:
•It is fundamental to how we think
•Without some means of understanding
– how we acquire knowledge
– how we rely upon our senses,
– and how we develop concepts in our minds
• We have no coherent path for our thinking
•A sound epistemology is necessary for the existence of sound thinking
and reasoning
•this is why so much philosophical literature can involve seemingly
arcane discussions about the nature of knowledge
• Unfortunately, atheists who frequently debate questions that derive
from differences in how people approach knowledge aren't always
familiar with this subject.

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Questions Asked in Epistemology:
•What can we know?
•How can we know it?
•Why do we know some things, but not others?
•How do we acquire knowledge?
•Is knowledge possible?
•Can knowledge be certain?
•How can we differentiate truth from falsehood?
•Why do we believe certain claims and not others?

19. Axiology:
What values should one live by?

20. Axiology:…