Child malnutrition is a major problem in developing countries, where over 1/3 of children under 5 are underweight. Poverty is the primary cause, limiting access to adequate food while secondary factors like lack of maternal education and poor environmental health exacerbate the problem. Malnourished children experience stunted growth and increased risk of diseases leading to over 20,000 child deaths per day globally from lack of proper nutrients. At the same time, overnutrition is also a significant issue in some areas, with obesity now killing more people than undernutrition in two-thirds of the world's nations.

1. Child Malnutrition in the Developing World By: Roslyn Punt, Agronomy 342

2. Outline Introduction to Malnutrition Causes of Malnutrition & Why Effects of Malnutrition Ethics Behind Malnutrition

3. ChildMalnutrition: Lacking in nutrients causing a body to not meet the daily requirements for the sustainability of health and causing health effects Cause of over half of the deaths in developing countries in humans the age of five and below More common in rural communities than urban communities 1970 : 46.5% 1995: 31% 1995: estimated 1/3 of developing countries children under five years were considered underweight

4. Issues Causing Malnutrition: 1 Primary Issue: Poverty 3 Secondary Issues: Food Security Mothers Education, Health, & Status Environmental Health Others: Political Environment, Water Sanitation, Capital Income, Geography, Climate Change, etc. Three levels of determinants in child malnutrition: Immediate. Underlying. Basic.

5. Discussion: Poverty: Little Income, Can’t Afford Food Food Security: Little Food Availability because of Poverty Mothers Status: Little Education due to Poverty, Poor Health due to a Lack in Health Care, Social Status is low Compared to Men Environmental Health: Poor Health causes Crop Failure, Reducing Food Security

6. Effects of Malnutrition Mothers: Children: Short in height (4’8”) Cephalopelvic Disproportion = birthing difficulties Low body mass index Intrauterine growth restrictions Severe malnutrition causes lack of nutrients in breast milk Underweight Wasting Deterioration Stunted Growth Deficiencies: Vitamin A: Blindness Zinc: Stunting Iron: Anemia Iodine: Lack of Mental Development

7. Morally Acceptable? The child to the right displays malnutrition. His body has taken to deterioration of the muscles for energy. He holds on to his life by a thread. A simple meal would be a blessing for him. Equality and Justice Malnourished 3 Year Old

8. Morally Acceptable? These two children show the obesity that has overcome many children in the world also. They consume so many extra nutrients their body stores them as fat. Their lives too are in danger as obesity also causes health issues. Equality and Justice Obese 3 Year Olds

9. Equality and Justice Each day over 20,000 children will die from malnutrition. Over 1/3 of the developing nations children will die due to malnutrition, while 1/4 of developed nations children are diagnosed with obesity. 65% of the worlds population lives in countries where obesity and overnutrition kills more people than undernutrition 43 Million Children Overweight in 2010

10. Equality and Justice The entire world needs to have justice and equality spread throughout its lands. People are dying in one country while others are feeding themselves so much that they are killing themselves in another. Everyone should have the access to food for the sustainability of life. No one should take for granted the food they have. Abusing your food security by overconsumption is an insult to those who go days without a single meal.

11. Sources Cited Black, Robert E., Lindsay H. Allen, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Laura E. Caulfield, Mercedes De Onis, MajidEzzati, Colin Mathers, and Juan Riviera. "ScienceDirect - The Lancet : Maternal and Child Undernutrition: Global and Regional Exposures and Health Consequences." ScienceDirect - Home. The Lancet, 19 Jan. 2008. Web. 06 July 2011. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673607616900>. Smith, Lisa C., and Lawrence Haddad. Explaining Child Malnutrition in Developing Countries. A Cross- Country Analysis. International Food Policy Research Institute, 2000. Web. 5 July 2011. <http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=cFvJ39bkNikC&oi=fnd&pg=PR4&dq=child+malnutrition+in+developing+countries&ots=U_JpTSzc-J&sig=ywx1Gs1RSQ58iih-KDgZDzgIQsQ#v=onepage&q&f=false>. "Child Malnutrition." Attaining the Millennium Development Goals in India. World Bank. Web. 5 July 2011. <http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTINDIA/Resources/ChildMalnutrition.pdf>. "Obesity in the United States." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Web. 06 July 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States>. "WHO | Obesity and Overweight." World Health Organization. Mar. 2011. Web. 06 July 2011. <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/>.