41. Installation pitfalls
3. This makes it impossible to
manage, maintain and
troubleshoot
2. No matter the
hardware, shoddy
cable installation
will result in a poor
network
1. Proper cable
installation is
critical
42. Importance of the Physical Layer
“A significant portion of network
downtime, approx. 80%, is attributed
to Physical Layer Connections.”
Sage Research
43. Designing the Physical Layer for Ethernet/IP
What do Physical Layer Reference
Architecture based best practices
look like?
44. Physical Layer Design Considerations
• Design and implement a
robust physical layer
• Environment Classification - MICE
• More than cable
– Connectors
– Patch panels
– Cable management
– Grounding, Bonding and
Shielding
(noise mitigation)
• Standard Physical Media
– Wired vs. Wireless
– Copper vs. Fiber
– UTP vs. STP
– Singlemode vs. Multimode
– SFP – LC vs. SC
• Standard Topology Choices
– Switch-Level & Device-Level
Cable Selection
ENET-WP007
LAN Troubleshooting Guide
Industrial Ethernet Physical
Infrastructure Reference
Architecture Design Guide
ODVA Guide
7
45. 8
Rockwell/Cisco RA
Logical
De-Militarized Zone (DMZ)
Enterprise Zone (EZ)
De-Militarized Zone (DMZ)
Manufacturing Zone
Manufacturing Zone
Cell/Area Zone
FIREWALL
(ACTIVE)
FIREWALL
(STANDBY)
GE Link for Failover
Detection
Windows 2003 Servers
• Remote Desktop
Connection
• VNC
• PCAnywhere
LAYER 3
ROUTER
LAYER 3
ROUTER
LAYER 3
SWITCHLAYER 3
SWITCH
Automation Apps
• Historian
• Data Distribution
• Asset Security
• Engineering Applications
• Databases
Network Services
• DNS, DHCP, Syslog Server
• Network & Security Management
(Redundant Star Topology) (Ring Topology) (Bus/Star Topology)
48. Panduit Industrial Automation
5 Core Solutions
IN-ROOMTM
Control Room, Data Center,
Telco Closet
IN-PANELTM
Control Panels, Electrical
Panels and MCC
IN-FIELDTM
On the Machine, In the
Process Area, or Outdoors
IN-FRASTRUCTURETM
Power Distribution, Lighting,
HVAC Security, Safety
IN-ROUTETM
Industrial Pathways, Network
Zone Enclosures
49. Simplify with validated building blocks
Physical Layer Design Considerations
Micro Data Center
Zone Enclosures
Control Panel Solutions
50. Micro Data Center – IN-Room Solution
Enterprise/Office
Patchfield used to uplink switch
to level 4 & 5 Enterprise
Server Patching
Cross connect between production
servers and switch
Firewall and DMZ
Logical buffer zone between the
Enterprise and Manufacturing
Manufacturing Zone
Patchfield used to connect layer 3
switch to layer 2 switches used on
plant floor
IN-ROOMTM
51. Physical Network Security
• Keyed solutions for copper
and fiber
• USB Type A, B Ports
• Lock-in, Blockout products
secure connections
IN-ROOMTM
IN-ROUTETM
IN-PANELTM
IN-FIELDTM
52. Micro Data Center Simplification - Organize, Secure, and Standardize
Challenges:
• Disorganized
• Network performance issues
• Frequent moves, adds & changes
Solutions:
• Structured approach
• Media selection/security
• Visual identification
BEFORE AFTER
Micro Data Center Solutions
Physical Layer Design Considerations
15IN-ROOMTM
53. IN-Route - Getting from “Point A” to “Point B”
Built-In
Failure
Points
IN-ROUTETM
56. 19
IN-Route - Zone Cabling Methods
TR
Centralized Cabling – Home runs from
each node back to the tele-
communication room.
TR
Z
Z
Z
Zone Cabling – Provides for Reduced
home-run wiring, easy moves / adds /
changes and reduced size of tele-
communication room
IN-ROUTETM
57. Pathways
• Overhead cable
tray routing
system
• Designed to
route and
manage copper,
fiber optic, or
power cables
IN-ROUTETM
59. Dielectric Conduited Fiber Cable (DCF)
22
KEY BENEFIT:
Easier to install fiber cable
(eliminates conduit & grounding) with
rugged, crush resistant construction
SOLUTION COMPONENTS
1. 12 part numbers.
• Fiber Counts: 2, 4, 8, & 12
• Fiber Types: OS1/OS2, OM1, OM2
2. Compatible with OptiCam connectors
IN-ROUTETM
60. Zone Enclosures – Pre-configured
Best way to structure
manufacturing network
•Leverages Cisco/RA recommended
architecture for best network
performance
•Built for capability of rapid network
expansion
•Touch-safe for Facility IT access
•Significantly reduces lead time to
deploy
23IN-ROUTETM
61. Zone Enclosures – Optimized for Stratix
Physical Layer Design Considerations
• Pre-configured,
Pre-tested for
Stratix 8300, 8000
and 5700 switches
• Safe, Secure,
Thermally tested
• Save time/cost/risk:
– IT/controls
convergence point
– Machine Builders
IN-ROUTETM
62. Robust, Secure, Future-Ready Network Distribution
Challenges:
• Scalability issues
• Diagnostics & troubleshooting
• Evolving cable mgmt
Solutions:
• Zone enclosure
• Media selection & security
• Cable routing
BEFORE AFTER
IN-Route: Network Distribution Simplification
Physical Layer Design Considerations
25IN-ROUTETM
63. IN-Panel - Understanding the Problem
There are several market trends that are exerting
pressure on the design and architecture of a Control
Panel.
– Space Optimization
– Terminations
– Network Cabling
– Noise Mitigation
– Safety/Security
IN-PANELTM
64. EtherNet in the Control Panel
• Additional requirements and
solutions are required with the
addition of EtherNet into the Control
Panel.
IN-PANELTM
65. Planning for networking in the panel
• What are common networking
challenges in the panel?
– Overall concerns
• Diagnostics/troubleshooting
• Maintenance
• Future system upgrades
– Performance in potentially high
noise environment
• Zoned layouts
• Shielding
– Finding panel space for new
components
Clean Noisy Very Noisy
N
IN-PANELTM
67. Panduit Confidential Information - not for Distribution
PolymerCoatedFiber(PCF)
Cable,LCConnector,TerminationToolKit
KEY BENEFITS: Ease of field termination (CRIMP,
CLEAVE AND LEAVE), Performance, Noise Immunity
SOLUTION COMPONENTS
1. Polymer Coated Fiber (PCF) cable (zip cord and break-
out cables)
2. Field-attached LC connector for 50/200/230µm &
62.5/200/230µm PCF fiber
3. Field termination tool kit
IN-PANELTM
IN-FIELDTM
69. • Maximizes panel space utilization
• Easier to design for future system upgrades
• Provide up to 30% space savings
Panduit PanelMax™ Offering:
Space Optimization Increases Design Flexibility
Physical Layer Design Considerations
Corner Wiring
Duct
Utilizes space
typically unusable in
enclosure corner
DIN Rail Wiring Duct
Uses enclosure depth to save
panel footprint space ;improve
component access
Shielded Wiring Duct
MitigatesEMI noise to reduce
wire separation distance
Shielded Wiring Duct
Conventional
Wiring Duct
Design
Flexibility
All of these products contribute to cost savings
IN-PANELTM
70. Panduit Network Solutions for the Control Panel
Physical Layer Design Considerations
• Optimized solutions for
Machine Builder Stratix
5700 deployments
DIN Rail Mount Adapter
Modular DIN rail mounting for
Copper or Fiber connectivity
Patch Panel
Facilitate testing, and future
Moves, Adds and Changes
Fiber, Cat6 Patch Cords
Performance guaranteed
Insert product
photo
IN-PANELTM
71. IN-Panel: Optimized with Partners
Physical Layer Design Considerations
• Leverage power of EtherNet/IP and
eco-system partners
– Panduit Fiber, Patching, Noise
Mitigation, Space Optimization,
Grounding/Bonding
– RA Stratix 5700 for machine
builder
– RA 1585 patch cords
– Test with Fluke Networks
• EtherNet/IP connects to Zone
Enclosures and Micro Data Center for
convergence aligned with Cisco/RA
CPwE
IN-PANELTM
72. IN-Field Challenges
• High MICE levels
– Vibration
– Chemical
– Temperature
– Wash down
• Wire management
rated for environment
• Food safety
ON Machine or Process areas
IN-FIELDTM
73. IN-Field Solutions: Manage and Protect
• Harsh rated cable management
and identification
• Abrasion protection
• Grounding/Bonding
Metal detectable
wire management
for Food industry
IN-FIELDTM
79. SM
Design your system using cost effective and easy to
troubleshoot Network Architectures
Micro Data Center Zone Enclosure Control Panel Solutions
Easy Building Block Approach
80. SM
43
Industry Level Thought Leadership
Enterprise
Functional
Design
Environmental
Requirements
(M.I.C.E.)
Logical Level
Shared
Architecture
Physical Level
Plant Floor
Design
All wrapped up in a 450
page, “How To” manual
with contributions from
Fluke and Rockwell
Automation, on designing
and installing the physical
infrastructure for an
Industrial Ethernet
Network
Panduit: Physical Infrastructure
Reference Architecture
86. SM
• Industrial Networks Must take
into consideration the physical
challenges of the facilities
environment.
• Location, routing and equipment
choices should be based on the
complete understanding of cause
and effect conditions.
• Environmental Focus
– M.I.C.E. (TIA-1005)
Industrial Networks Live in the Real World
Sensor
Drive
I/O
Plant Ethernet
Controller
Switch
Ethernet
87. SM
Fiber that Fits Both the Environment and the Application
Fiber is now being used in all areas of an Industrial Network Deployment
88. SM
Converged Ethernet
Manufacturing Network Model
Corporate Network
Sensors and other
Input/Output Devices
Motors, Drives
Actuators
Supervisory
Control
Robotics
Back-Office Mainframes and
Servers (ERP, MES, etc.)
Office
Applications,
Internetworking,
Data Servers,
Storage
Human Machine
Interface (HMI)
Controller
• Fiber is completely noise immune
• Fiber can be used in high M.I.C.E.
environments
• Fiber can be rated for indoor,
outdoor and transition spaces
• Armored Fiber (available in both
metallic and all-dielectric) reduces
the need for, and installations costs
of, innerduct and conduits
• Smaller footprint of cables
(one fiber cable vs. bundle
copper (UTP))
• Reliability and speed of installation
reduces the
total cost of ownership
Benefits of Fiber in an Industrial Space
89. SM
Key Elements of a Successful
EtherNet/IP Network Design
• Understanding application
and functional
requirements
• Developing a logical
framework (roadmap)
• Developing a physical
framework
• Determining security
requirements and
partnering with IT
• Using technology and
industry standards,
reference models and
reference architectures
Catalyst 3750
StackWise
Switch Stack
FactoryTalk Application Servers
View
Historian
AssetCentre,
Transaction Manager
FactoryTalk Services
Platform
Directory
Security/Audit
Data Servers
Gbps Link
for Failover
Detection
Firewall
(Active)
Firewall
(Standby)
I/O
Levels 0–2
HMI
Cell/Area Zone #1
Redundant Star Topology
Flex Links Resiliency
Cell/Area Zone #3
Bus/Star Topology
Cell/Area Zones
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Enterprise Zone
Levels 4 and 5
Rockwell Automation
Stratix 8000
Layer 2 Access Switch
Cisco
ASA 5500
Industrial Zone
Site Operations and Control
Level 3
Remote
Access
Server
Catalyst
6500/4500
ERP, Email,
Wide Area Network
(WAN)
Network Services
DNS, DHCP, syslog server
Network and security mgmt
Drive
Controller
HMI
I/O
Controller
Drive
Controller
Drive
HMI
Cell/Area Zone #2
Ring Topology
Resilient Ethernet Protocol (REP)
I/O
I/O
Patch Management
Remote Gateway Services
Application Mirror
AV Server Plant Firewall:
Inter-zone traffic segmentation
ACLs, IPS and IDS
VPN Services
Portal and Terminal Server proxy
91. SM
Selecting the Right Fiber Requires
Knowing the Application
Environment.…
…
…
Knowing the Distance
Requirements.
Knowing the Equipment
you are connecting to.
92. SM
Let’s take a sample application and go thru it step-by-step.
Knowing the Capability of Your Equipment
The Equipment – The first step in choosing the right fiber
is to look at the capability of your equipment.
• Look at the specifications
of the equipment to
determine the speed of
the connections
• The Fiber you choose
should at least be able to
handle the fastest mode of
the existing system
93. SM
SFP Stands for “Small
Form Pluggable”
Module
Knowing the Capability of Your Equipment
The Stratix is a good switch to use as an example
because it has both Uplink ports and
Data ports running at different speeds.
• The uplink port speed is determined by the
use of copper or fiber. If it’s fiber the
configuration of the “SFP” module
determines the speed of the system.
94. SM
Knowing the Capability of Your Equipment
The Stratix is a good switch to use as an example
because it has both Uplink ports and
Data ports running at different speeds.
SFP Stands for “Small
Form Pluggable”
Module
SFP Stands for “Small
Form Pluggable”
Module
95. SM
Understanding Your Expansion
or Upgrade Path
The following is an example list of specifications for the fiber-optic SFP module
connections. It’s IMPORTANT that each port must match the wave-length
specifications on the other end of the cable, and for reliable communication, the cable
must not exceed the rated maximum cable length.
SFP Module
Type
Cat. No. Wavelength
(nm)
Fiber Type Core Size/Cladding
Size (micron)
Modal
Bandwidth
(MHz/km)(1)
Cable Distance
100BASE-FX 1783-
SFP100FX
1310 MMF 50/125
62.5/125
500
500
2 km (6562 ft)
2 km (6562 ft)
100BASE-LX 1783-
SFP100LX
1310 SMF G.6522 10 km (32,810 ft)
1000BASE-SX 1783-
SFP1GSX
850 MMF 62.5/125
62.5/125
50/125
50/125
160
200
400
500
220 m (722 ft)
275 m (902 ft))
500 m (1640 ft)
550 m (1804 ft)
1000BASE-
LX/LH
1783-
SFP1GLX
1310 SMF G.6522 10 km (32,810 ft)
(1) Modal bandwidth applies only to multimode fiber. * Information comes from Stratix Users Manual
96. SM
Answers Always Lead to More Questions
The Equipment – The result of our equipment investigation
is that we learned:
• The max speed for the uplink is 1GBase-T
• The max speed for the data port is 100Base-T
• There are several choices for SFP modules
that can support both Single and Multimode.
“Is there an existing system of fiber, and
what core size is being used?”
The next question:
Core size?
….yes, Core
size?
97. SM
What Makes Up a Fiber Cable?
The Cable – There are two classes of Fiber in use today:
• Single Mode – Long Distance Fiber, more expensive technology
• Multi Mode – Shorter Distance, more cost effective for inside plant use.
• To understand the differences between core sizes, and why they matter,
you need to know what makes up a fiber cable.
98. SM
How Big is the Fiber, (relatively)?
9
230µm
All sizes expressed In Microns
50
62.5
125µm
200µm
Cladding
Core
Buffer
Core size will tell
you the OMx of
the Fiber
102. SM
What Do the OM Ratings Mean?
If you see OM in the Fiber grade it always means Multi-Mode.
– The US Adopted a Grading System Invented By ISO, The International Standards
Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. The “Optical Multimode” Rating System
• “OM 1” --- 62.5 Micron (Mostly legacy systems)
• “OM 2” --- 50 Micron (plain vanilla variety)
• “OM 3” --- 50 Micron (Laser optimized to work with VCELS)
• “OM 4” --- 50 micron (Extended Bandwidth – Further refined to reduce pulse
spreading and enable longer distances)
And just like with Copper Categories –
A bigger number means better cable!
103. SM
What Do the OS Ratings Mean?
• If you see OS in the Fiber grade it always means Single-Mode.
• “OS 1” --- 9 Micron (Used with wavelengths of 1310 nm)
• “OS 2” --- 9 Micron (Used with wavelengths of 1550 nm)
Why does the core size make such a difference in Fiber performance?
• OS (single-mode) vs. OM (multi-mode).
Think of it like the difference between a rifle shot and a shotgun blast.
104. SM
A Fabry-Perot LASER
A Cheap, Slow LED
Singlemode – more efficient – goes FURTHER
Multimode – less efficient – doesn’t go as far
Example of Single-mode vs. Multi-mode
105. SM
• Some of the photons (light particles) go straight, some ricochet around the
outside, the further they travel the closer the leading edge from one pulse
gets to the trailing edge of the one before it.
• Eventually you can’t tell one pulse from another.
A Cheap Slow LED
Light Pulse Spreading (“Modal Dispersion”)
The Enemy of Throughput
106. SM
What?
You can only go so far with a given grade of multimode fiber before light
pulses begin to overlap
The Further You Go, the Worse it Gets.
Hey, I
sent a
“1”
107. SM
ANSI/TIA-568-C.0 (D.3) Optical fiber
cabling supportable distances table.
• Table 7 - lists maximum supportable
distances and maximum channel
attenuation
for applications using optical
fiber cabling
• The table is based on the minimum
performance requirements of
62.5/125 µm, 50/125 µm, 850 nm
laser-optimized 50/125 µm, and
single-mode fiber established by
ANSI/TIA-568-C.3
How the OM/OS Ratings Equate to Distance
108. SM
Remember the MICE Table?
Where you put the fiber, “The Environment”,
determines the type of fiber you choose.
109. SM
• Indoor Opti-Core Fiber
Distribution
• Indoor Opti-Core
Interlocking Armor
• Indoor Industrial-Net
(PCF) Polymer Clad
Fiber
• Indoor Dielectric
Conduited Fiber (DCF)
Applications for “Indoor” Fiber
Used when you
have sufficient
protection for the
fiber
Used when the
fiber has to
protect itself
**NEW**
Electrician Friendly
crimp on connector
for direct connect
node to node
**NEW** All the benefits
of an armored fiber
without the metal. Use in
area suspected of unequal
potential grounds
110. SM
Applications for “Indoor-Outdoor” Fiber
• Indoor/Outdoor Opti-Core All-Dielectric Fiber Cable
• Indoor/Outdoor Opti-Core Gel-Free Fiber
Interlocking Aluminum Armored Cable
Used to transition
from indoor to
outdoor in a
protected area, tray
or conduit.
Used to transition from
indoor to outdoor yet still
protect the cable from
harsh mechanical
conditions
111. SM
Applications for “Outdoor” Fiber
• Opti-Core Gel-Free Fiber Optic Outside Plant All-Dielectric Cable
• Opti-Core Gel-Free Fiber Optic Outside Plant Armored Cable
Allows installation
using loose tube
cable methods for
aerial and duct
applications
Allows installation using
loose tube cable methods
for aerial, duct and direct
burial applications
112. SM
One Last Thought When
Choosing a Fiber Type – Choosing the Connector
Traditional Puck and
Polish type
Connectors
(5-7min.)
OptiCam Factory
Polished Connectors
(2 - 3min.)
Industrial Strip &
Crimp no-Polish
Required Fiber
Connectors
(aprox 1 min.)
118. SM
Fiber Optic Infrastructure Planning
Physical Layer Design Considerations
81 81
New joint application guide
Increase the integrity and availability of
EtherNet/IP networks with fiber solutions
from trusted partners!
Physical infrastructure
Integrated Architecture,
Stratix Switches, ETAPs,
more
Higher level switches
Fiber Guide
ENET-TD003
119. SM
Easy to follow Fiber best practices!
Physical Layer Design Considerations
• Partner validated application guide
82
120. SM
Summary
Fiber Selection
Physical Infrastructure for Fiber
Deployments
Saving Time/Cost with Fiber
Understanding the Environment and the Application
Knowing how to determine equipment and system requirements
Choosing the proper network design for application
122. To Test is to Know.
How Good is your Layer 1 Infrastructure?
Fluke Networks
@ Routeco plc: July 2014
A company
123. 2Company Confidential
Enterprise Network Test Solutions For
Datacom Installers, Network Engineers
• Market leader in copper and fiber cable certification and testing
– Copper test solutions
– Fiber test solutions
– Wireless solutions
• Market leader in troubleshooting and portable
management
– Portable network test and analysis
– Wireless LAN troubleshooting and management
– Deep Packet Analysis and Capture
• Fluke Networks Solutions
– OptiView XG Network Analyzer tablet
– DTX CableAnalyzer
– Network Time Machine
– MicroScanner, NetTool, LinkRunner
124. 3Company Confidential
So, Why Bother Testing?
• Confidence for your client.
• Assurance for yourself
• Evidence for a Cabling system Warranty
• Avoids potentially expensive delays in commissioning
• Uncovers ‘environmental’ issues
• Provides for future upgrades.
• End result of testing is Documentation!
• The Documentation provides for all above.
125. 4Company Confidential
What’s the big deal? It’s cable, right?
• Right!
– You’ve used the best components (like building a Formula 1 car)
– Followed all the installation rules and guidance…
127. 6Company Confidential
Reference Points for Testing: Industry
Standards….
• As for almost every other part of a major project, the
cabling industry has recognised, defined and understood
standards:
– EIA/TIA 568C.2 (American, contains the standards for Cat5e,
Cat6 and Cat6A and for MM and SM fibre installations)
– ISO 11801 (International, contains approximate equivalents
Class D, Class E and Class Ea, plus Class F and fibre)
– EN 10573 (European Norm, equivalent to ISO 11801.)
– Application-specific standards:
– TIA1005 (Industrial Ethernet-specific)
– 100MB/s Ethernet / 1GB/s Ethernet
– 40GB/s Ethernet (fibre only)
129. 8Company Confidential
Permanent Link or Channel Test?
• Permanent Link: Patch panel to wall
outlet including max 1 Cross-connect.
• Channel: Permanent Link plus 1
additional patch panel, and user patch
cords. Maximum 4 connectors.
• Which standard? To be decided by
negotiation with your client as part of
contract.
• Which test model? Default to
Permanent Link. Channel is end-user
test.
130. 9Company Confidential
Additional Considerations
• Is the cable Shielded or Unshielded?
– What type of shield is it? S/UTP or FTP or SSTP?
• Will the application include Power over Ethernet?
– PoE has a separate and specific set of specifications.
• Does the client or the warranty provider or the hardware
manufacturer have specific additional requirements?
– Balance measurements may be required.
132. 11Company Confidential
Power over Ethernet (PoE-specific test)
• New test limits with specific tests for PoE optimisation.
• New Shield Integrity test finds shield errors/damage.
135. 14Company Confidential
Enterprise Fiber:
Growing Exponentially
• 1.5 Billion new internet-connected
devices by 2015 (Intel)
• 57% annual growth in Enterprise
fiber ports: 2011 - 2015 (Dell’Oro,
2011)
• In 2015, the equivalent of every
movie ever made will transit IP
networks, every 5 minutes (Cisco
Systems)
136. 15Company Confidential
Enterprise Fiber: Growing
Exponentially
• 24% annual growth in storage
spending for cloud computing
(IDC)
• 54% growth in 10Gbps+ fiber LAN
transceivers (Finisar)
• One-hop fabrics replacing
traditional switch architecture in
datacentres
137. 17Company Confidential
Four Steps to Determining
Fibre link Performance
1. Inspect it - Clean it - Inspect it again
2. Polarity check
3. Performance Test
4. Extra Data and Troubleshooting
138. 18Company Confidential
Inspect it – Clean it – Inspect it again.
• ALL end-faces have to be
clean and undamaged!
• Inspecting the fibre end-
faces is part of the BASIC
test regime according to
IEC 14763-3
• Cleaning the end-faces
each and every time is not
an option….it’s mandatory!
“Any connecting hardware adapters used
together with all connector end-faces on the test cords
comprising the cabling interface adapter, and the cabling
under test shall be cleaned according to the instructions
provided by the manufacturer of the connectors.
Cleaning shall be repeated every time a test cord is
connected to the cabling or component under test.”
140. 20Company Confidential
Check Polarity
• Visual Fault Locator (Laser light-pen)
• Uses high intensity visible light source
• Quick and Easy to use
• Relatively low cost
• Provides a go/no-go indication
• Can help find sources of loss.
141. 21Company Confidential
Fibre Performance Certification
• Standards-based Two-Tier Testing (TIA TSB-140)
• Tier 1: OLTS (Optical Loss Test Set)
– Encircled Flux Compliance Required.
– Power Meter and Light Source with built-in
length measurement.
– Losses and lengths conform to industry
standards
• Most closely simulates active system
– Verify polarity using OLTS
• Tier 2: Tier 1 plus OTDR trace
– Evidence that cable is installed without
degrading events (e.g. bends, connectors,
splices)
142. 22Company Confidential
Loss/Length Certification
Test two fibers (a transmit/receive pair)
• Each fiber at two wavelengths
– Measure optical length
– Compute power budget and display Pass or Fail
– Standards-based Tier 1 certification
• 2 power measurements in each direction, plus length
– Comprehensive Go/No-go result
143. 23Company Confidential
Tier 2: Where fibre diagnostics reside.
• Tier 2: Tier 1 plus OTDR trace
– Evidence that cable is installed
without degrading events (e.g.
bends, connectors, splices)
144. 24Company Confidential
A new type of OTDR Result that almost
everyone can understand
• Alternative trace
presentation of link
topology
• Reduce need for OTDR
expertise
• Icons designate the type
of fiber event
• One-tap gives access to
all event details
147. 27Company Confidential
OTDR Traces are not for everyone…
EventMap provides an easily understood pictorial representation
of the fibre link, for many the end of ‘trace-psychosis’.