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UNIT 3
WATER POLLUTION & CONTROL

CONTENTS
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 Introduction
 Definition of water pollution
 Causes of water pollution
 Effects of water pollution
 Measures of water pollution
 Reference

Water Pollution In Aquatic

INTRODUCTION
Water is a precious resource and without it life is
not possible on earth.
Water is getting polluted day by day due to
excessive and careless use so the percent of
available drinking water is reducing.
There are many ways which causes water pollution
and the effects of it are very harmful for all living
and non living objects.
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CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
The Principal sources of water pollution resulting
from exploration and production operations are:-
1. Domestic waste
2. Sewage System
3. Solid Waste
4. Industrial Waste
5. Acid Rain
6. Oil Industry
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1. Domestic Waste
.
Domestic waste is waste that is generated
as a result of the ordinary day-to-day use of
a domestic premise and is either: ... collected
or on behalf of a local government as part of
a waste collection and disposal system.

Domestic Waste

2. Sewage waste
Sewage is made up of the wastewater from residences and institutions,
carrying bodily wastes washing water, food preparation wastes,
laundry wastes, and other waste products of normal living. This is
classified as sewage or domestic wastewater.

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section
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3. Solid waste
 Solid waste causes blockage in flow of
water.
 It causes water as well as air pollution.
 Polythene is the main solid waste.
 One of the most dangerous water
pollution.

4. Industrial Waste
Industrial waste is defined as waste generated by manufacturing
or industrial processes. The types of industrial waste generated include
cafeteria garbage, scrap metals, trash, oil, solvents, chemicals, weed and
similar wastes.

5. Acid Rain
Acid rain makes such waters more acidic, which results in more aluminum absorption from soil,
which is carried into lakes and streams. That combination makes waters toxic to crayfish, clams,
fish, and other aquatic animals.

6. Oil Industry
Oceans are polluted by oil on a daily basis from oil spills, routine shipping, run-offs and
dumping. Oil spills make up about 12% of the oil that enters the ocean.

Harmful Effects of Water
Pollution:-
Destruction of biodiversity. Water pollution depletes
aquatic ecosystems and triggers unbridled proliferation
of phytoplankton in lakes
Contamination of the food chain. Fishing in polluted
waters and the use of waste water for livestock farming
and agriculture can introduce toxins into foods which
are harmful to our health when eaten.
Lack of potable water. The UN says that billions of
people around the world have no access to clean
water to drink or sanitation, particularly in rural areas.
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Lack of potable water. The UN says that billions of
people around the world have no access to clean
water to drink or sanitation, particularly in rural
areas.
Disease. The WHO estimates that about 2 billion
people have no option but to drink water
contaminated by excrement, exposing them to
diseases such as cholera, hepatitis A and
dysentery.
Infant mortality. According to the UN, diarrhoeal
diseases linked to lack of hygiene cause the death
of about 1,000 children a day worldwide.
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HOW CAN WE CONTROL
WATER POLLUTION
1. Use Less Plastic It is very difficult to break down plastic after it is produced.
Much of the plastic we consume ends up in the world’s water supply, where it is
even harder to fish out and safely throw away.
2. Reuse Items Whenever you buy something that is not recyclable, such as
plastic, it is better to reuse this item as many times as possible. This habit limits
your consumption and means less of those products will end up in the world’s
rivers, lakes, and oceans.
3. Recyclable Options If there are two options for a particular item, try to pick
the one that is easily recyclable. Glass bottles are much better for
the environment than plastic, for example.
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4. Cleaning Chemicals
Similar to oils, cleaning chemicals are hazardous when they enter the water
supply. If you are emptying containers of household cleaning supplies, do it in
the trash can, not in the sink.
5. Handle Toxic Chemicals Properly
The toxic chemicals like ammonia, bleach, paint, paint thinner, and many other
chemicals are becoming a severe problem, and if these are dumped down the
drain or the toilet, the effects add up. Therefore proper disposal of these is
important
6. Avoid Toilets For Throwing Household Items
Toilet paper is specifically made in a way that breaks down easily in water pipes,
but the fiber-reinforced cleaning products that pollute the system.