The document discusses human population growth and its environmental impacts. It uses Bangladesh as a case study. Some key points:
- Population growth has "exploded" in modern times due to factors like agriculture and industrialization. The world's population increases by over 1 million people every 4 days.
- Developing countries will play a bigger role in future population growth due to higher birth rates compared to developed countries.
- Population growth rates are slowing in developed countries as they undergo demographic transitions towards lower birth rates with improved living standards and education.
9. Number of Women 15 to 49 Billions Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005. Women of Childbearing Age
17. Fig. 6.15 This figure shows population profiles for developed and developing countries, projected to the year 2025 . Improved living conditions education
28. The number of women in their childbearing years has increased since the 1950s and is projected to continue to increase to 2050. The number of children per woman has declined since the 1950s and is projected to continue to decline. Even though women have on average fewer children than their mothers, the absolute number of babies being born continues to increase because of the increases in the total number of women of childbearing age.
123.4 million people Annual growth of 1.8% (2.2 mill. Annually) one of the poorest countries..less than 1/2 have safe drinking water Life span = 59 years Low lying - mostly uninhabitable except there are so many people = no choice People barely survive, why would they care about env. measures
Doubling time changes quickly as growth rate changes Belgium, Aust, Germ, GB = 700 years China = 50 years Continued exp growth would eventually deplete all the matter in the universe (pg 84)
Ex: in the US - the inflection point was assumed in the 1930’s projected pop was then estimated at 200 million today we have 260 million
Many nations are struggling to shift from #2to #3 To achieve #3 parents must believe a small family is to their benefit Even an industrialized country @ stage 3 could cycle through all the stages again if health improvements increase for aging and chronic diseases
Crude death rate in switz = 9 per 1000 in sierra leone = 30 per 1000
Discuss predator / prey population curves Need to agree on an accepted standard of living to do a global projection
Short term: ex = wars, crop failures, drought, nuclear war, epidemics Int term: ex = desertification, pollution, toxic waste dumping, decrease in fuel or other natural resources Long term: soil erosion, ground water depletion or contamination, climate change, ozone depletion Some say that we have already exceeded our carrying capacity Some argue that we will always come up with new technology to increase our productivity, hence our carrying capacity
Baby boom: After www2 1995 = bulge in 35 - 45 year age group Secondary bulge as these boomers have kids Baby boom bulge is moving on through the age structure At each stage different pressures were put n social and economic resources crowded elementary schools as we age- greater pressure on social services, medicare….
Today trf = 2 during the baby boom it was 3.8 this is a decline in population over time Lag effect is due to previous high fertility rate so lots of young childbearing age women are having kids (see fig 5.11 on pg 90) TFR declines as income increases (fig 5.10 pg 90)
It’s estimated that if Bangladesh adopted Sri Lanka’s marriage pattern families would have 2.2 fewer kids Older marriage age = 40 - 50% drop in fertility to achieve ) populations growth for many countries China has laws about this : marriage = age 20 for females and 22 for males fertility rate = 5.7 in 1972 to 2.1 in 1985 goal = 0 pop growth by 2000 has this been achieved?
Family planning = abstinence, sterilization, the pill, contraceptive devices Abortion: 45 - 60 million annually, abortion rate = # per 1000 women (in US = 23) abortion ratio = # per live births (in US = 335)
Hard to generalize for different nations. Different beliefs… India inn 1952 was first country with formal pop policy Type of policy for diff. Nations differs; some give out only info some also supply the materials needed