2. Outline: AtmosphereOutline: Atmosphere
Definition, sizeDefinition, size
Changes in pressure, what is pressureChanges in pressure, what is pressure
Temperature layersTemperature layers
Components of clean, dry airComponents of clean, dry air
Variable ComponentsVariable Components
3. QuestionsQuestions
What is “air”?What is “air”?
Why does air stay where it is?Why does air stay where it is?
Is air always the same stuff no matterIs air always the same stuff no matter
where you go on Earth? Up inwhere you go on Earth? Up in
atmosphere?atmosphere?
What aspects/characteristics of air changeWhat aspects/characteristics of air change
on a daily basis? From place to place?on a daily basis? From place to place?
5. How big is the atmosphere?How big is the atmosphere?
Extends to 32,000 km (20,000 mi) fromExtends to 32,000 km (20,000 mi) from
surfacesurface
Thermopause is at 480 km (300 mi)—topThermopause is at 480 km (300 mi)—top
of the principal atmosphereof the principal atmosphere
100 km??100 km??
9. Atmospheric TemperatureAtmospheric Temperature
TroposphereTroposphere
– Normal environmental lapse rate – averageNormal environmental lapse rate – average
cooling at rate of 6.4 C°/km (3.5 F°/1000 ft)cooling at rate of 6.4 C°/km (3.5 F°/1000 ft)
– Environmental lapse rate – actual local lapseEnvironmental lapse rate – actual local lapse
raterate
– Weather, most cloudsWeather, most clouds
16. Variable Atmospheric ComponentsVariable Atmospheric Components
Impurities and Pollutants in TroposphereImpurities and Pollutants in Troposphere
Harmful Gases and Other ChemicalsHarmful Gases and Other Chemicals
VirusesViruses
Water VaporWater Vapor
Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
Aerosols/ParticulatesAerosols/Particulates
26. Variations in AtmosphericVariations in Atmospheric
CompositionComposition
IonosphereIonosphere
– Absorbs cosmic rays, gamma rays, X-rays,Absorbs cosmic rays, gamma rays, X-rays,
some UV rayssome UV rays
Ozonosphere (ozone layer)Ozonosphere (ozone layer)
– Part of stratospherePart of stratosphere
– Ozone (OOzone (O33) absorbs UV energy and converts it) absorbs UV energy and converts it
to heat energyto heat energy