Asserting Carbon Offsets from Landfill Gas Flaring at Regina’s Landfill Site - Presented at SWANA 5th Canadian Waste Symposium, Banff, Alberta April 21, 2010 By: Paresh Thanawala, P.Eng; QEP

1. Asserting Carbon Offsets from Landfill
Gas Flaring at Regina’s Landfill Site
Presented at SWANA
5th Canadian Waste Symposium, Banff, Alberta
April 21, 2010
By: Paresh Thanawala, P.Eng; QEP

2. Objectives
• Explain LFG Collection & Flaring Project
• Other LFG Experience
• Regulatory Aspects of Credits/Offsets
• Validation/Verification Steps
• Emission Assertion – Approach
• Conclusion

3. Fleet Street Landfill

4. PROJECT SCOPE
Phase 1 (North Hill) Main
Components:
• 27 vertical gas wells
• Gas collection headers
• Condensate removal sump and
tank
• Blower building
• Instrumentation and Control Room
• Flare header, flame arrestor and
candlestick flare
System Commissioned in July 2008

5. Gas Wells & Collection System

6. Flare & Blower Building

7. Typical Quantity and Quality
• 250 – 350 acfm Compound Mol %
• HHV 16 – 18 MJ/m3 CH4 50
• Up to 1.5 MW potential CO2 40
N2 9
O2 0.5
H 2O Trace
H 2S Trace
Siloxanes Trace

8. LFG UTILIZATION IN CANADA
Number of Sites Surveyed by Environment Canada, January 2009
Year Utilization (U) Flaring (F) U&F Year Power (P) Heating (H) CPH
2006 26 44 12 2006 17 9 0
2007 29 50 15 2007 17 10 2
Number of Landfills Capturing LFG in Canada
70
60
50
Landfill
40
30
20
10
0
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007
Year

9. Experience of Selected Landfills
Western Canada
Cogeneration (Electricity + Waste heat). 4 x 1.7 MW Cat Engines. Waste
Vancouver
heat for greenhouse heating
Prince George Gas recovery system. No power or heat recovery
Generate electricity (kW TBC) + Waste heat utilization. Micro-turbines.
Kelowna (Glenmore)
Export power
Victoria 1.6 MW Cat engine
Edmonton (Clover Bar) 3 x 1.6 MW Cat engines
Calgary (Shepard) Gas recovery/clean up - 400 kW engine
Calgary East 70 kW micro-turbine. Expand to install 1 -2 MW engines
Open flare. MB to buy LFG credits. Discussing “design – build – operate –
Brandon, MB
finance” scheme for LFG energy use with IGR

10. Carbon Credits
Value of GHG emission reduction as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2E) in tonnes
CER Certified emission reductions, CDM, Kyoto
ERU Emission reduction unit, JI, Kyoto
VER Verified emission reductions, Voluntary
GHG CO2 CH4 N2O
GWP 1 21 310
CO2E 1*CO2 + 21*CH4 + 310*N2O

11. Regulatory Framework
Framework Key Highlights Website
Draft Offset System Documents (summer 2009). Finalization delayed –
awaiting US directive. Administer under CEPA. Must achieve real, http://www.ec.gc.ca/creditscompensatoires-
Federal
incremental, quantifiable, verifiable and unique reductions of offsets/default.asp?lang=En&n=92CA76F4-1
greenhouse gases
LFG not regulated and hence eligible. Bill 126. Target 20% reduction
by 2020. Registry for offsets. Adopt/merge with AB. Reduction http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/english/FirstRead/
SK
Targets for regulated emitters. Climate R&D Corp. Expect regulated 2009/Bill-126.pdf
frame work in place by summer 2010.
Bill 18 - Greenhouse Gas Reduction Cap & Trade Act 2008. Partner
BC with WCI. Registry, trading, verification as of 2010. Compliance unit http://www.leg.bc.ca/38th4th/3rd_read/gov18-3.htm
tracking system
Climate Change Central. Offset registry in place. Trade within AB
AB only. LFE > 100,000 t CO2E to meet targets or pay to carbon fund. http://carbonoffsetsolutions.climatechangecentral.com/
Quantification protocols in place and under development.
Bill 15 - the climate change and Emissions Reduction Act. MB will
MB http://web2.gov.mb.ca/bills/39-2/b015e.php
buy out credits from LFG operators.
Launched Cap & Trade Program in 2008. Partners are: Arizona,
Western Climate California, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, and Washington,
http://www.westernclimateinitiative.org/
Initiative Manitoba, BC, ON and Quebec. AB and SK oppose the scheme (cash
grab)
Montreal Carbon Created in 2006. CO2E futures contracts. Joint venture between CCX
www.m-x.ca
Exchange (MCeX) and MCeX.
Chicago Climate Voluntary Cap & Trade System. Sell surplus allowances or purchase
http://www.chicagoclimatex.com/content.jsf?id=821
Exchange (CCX) carbon financial instrument (CFI)

12. Project Validation
• Eligibility [real, additional, quantifiable, verifiable, unique]
• Description/Quantification methods
• Assertion [relevance, completeness, consistency,
accuracy, transparency, conservativeness]
• Monitoring
• Document so 3rd party can verify
• Follow ISO 14064(3)
Generally occurs once, before registration

13. Verification
• Systematic, independent and documented process to
confirm assertion of credits
• Reasonable (high level) or limited (low level) assurance
• Occurs after emission reductions have occurred
• Usually once a year
• Validated project/documentation must be in place
• 3rd party, knowledgeable of industry, no conflict
• Follow ISO 14064 (3) guidance

14. Project Registration
• After project is validated
• SK or Federal System
• “License” for creating carbon credits
• Can occur as part of verification

15. REGISTRATION OF PROJECT
Project Validates the project. Applies to the Project Authority to
Proponent register GHG reduction report
Reviews the project and registers the Project
Project Authority
Document
REPORTING & VERIFICATION OF REDUCTIONS
Project Implements the Project
Proponent
Asserts/reports the GHG reductions in the
Reduction/Removal Report
Engages verifier to verify the assertion/claim
Verifier Conducts verification
Submits Verification Report to Project Authority
ISSUANCE OF OFFSET CREDITS
Certifies all conditions for credit issuance have
Project Authority
been satisfied
Issues instructions to deposit offset credits in
account in the tracking system

16. Schematic of Flare &
Monitoring System

17. Data Management

18. Asserting LFG Offsets
• CO2E Offsets = CO2E Baseline – CO2E Project
• CO2E Offsets = 21(mass of methane in LFG that is destroyed in the flare)
• MR = (QLFG)(CCH4)( t)(ρCH4)( η)(1 tonne/1,000 kg) )/(35.31 ft3/m3)
MR = Mass of methane reductions (tonnes CH4/day)
QLFG = Average flow of LFG collected (sft3/min) @ 1 atmosphere and 0 °C
CCH4 = Mol fraction of CH4 in LFG
t = Net operational period (min/day)
ρCH4 = Density of methane (kg/m3) =0.7174 @ 1 atmosphere and 0 °C
η = Methane destruction efficiency of flare (~ 93%)
Calculated Offsets: 2008 15,582 t CO2E
2009 21,829 t CO2E

19. About DRE and CE
Destruction & Removal η (DRE)
DRE = 100* (Wt. of Compound in –Wt. of Compound Out)/(Wt. of
Compound in)
DRE indicates how well a specific compound is destroyed during
combustion
_______________________________________________________________
Combustion η = 100* (Mass Rate of Carbon in fuel converted to
CO2)/(Mass Rate of Carbon in Fuel)
CE is a measure of how much carbon is converted to CO2

20. Flare Testing: DRE of CH4
CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O
•Grab samples at various points
•Testing by Maxxam Analytics, Nov, 2009
•Follow Alberta Stack Sampling Code/
•US EPA Methods

21. Impact of Wind on Flare
Efficiency
Ref: Efficiency Measurements of Flares in a Cross Flow, by M.R. Johnson, O. Zastavniuk, D.J. Wilson and L.W. Kostiuk,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta,
Presented at Combustion Canada 1999, Calgary Alberta, May 26, 1999

22. DRE of Methane
• Flare gas testing in November 2009 indicated DRE of 99%. Some testing occurred in
non-combustion zone due to first attempt in testing
• Flame color – blue or colorless (mostly)
• HHV ~ 16 MJ/m3 indicating good combustion
• Flare velocity and design comply with 40 CFR60.18 which recommends a minimum
DRE of 93% (for compliant flares)
• Auto pilot ignition
• KO Pot to remove water. No free liquids or hydrocarbons carried to the flare – which
may impair combustion
• Wind guard to minimize wind impacts and loss of DRE
• O/M procedures in place
• 3% reduction allowed due to possible wind impacts
• Additional 3% reduction allowed to add conservativeness
• 93% DRE assumed for offsets calculations

23. Anticipated Price of Carbon
• AB – Trades between $12/t - $15/t
• SK – Expect AB trend. +$15/t anticipated (once offset
framework in place)
• BC – Pacific Carbon Trust proposed to buy @ $25/t
• FED – LFE to comply if cost of reduction < $15/t
• CCX – $0.15/t
• MCEx – $2.00 settlement price for March 2011 contract
• Voluntary – ($3/t - $8/t)

24. Conclusion
• Carbon offsets from flaring of LFG at the Regina landfill
are eligible for registration and trading
• Need to have Federal or Provincial legislation
framework for trading in place soon. SK Bill 126
expected to finalize this summer
• Regina LFG offsets verification to be completed soon
• Carbon trading prices expected around ~ $15/t