July 30-130-Brianne Lowe
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This document summarizes research on connecting women non-operating landowners (NOLs) to conservation practices and their tenant farmers. It finds that women make up 37% of agricultural landlords and many NOLs, including women, care about conservation and their land. A survey of NOLs found they trust their tenant farmers and are open to changing lease terms to facilitate conservation. The document outlines efforts in Indiana to engage urban women NOLs in conservation discussions through the Women for the Land program, including training facilitators, holding workshops near urban centers, and using visual and hands-on activities to deliver accessible conservation messages.
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July 30-130-Brianne Lowe
- 1. Building a Conservation Connection: LINKING WOMEN NON-OPERATING LANDOWNERS TO THEIR TENANT FARMERS Brianne Lowe, USDA NRCS, Indiana Jennifer Filipiak, American Farmland Trust Jean Eells, E Resources Group Jill Reinhart, USDA NRCS, Indiana
- 2. Saving the land that sustains us by: Protecting farm and ranch land Promoting sound farming practices Keeping farmers on the land
- 3. Non-operator landowners (NOLs) • Resident or Absentee • Motivations for owning vary– investors, recreational interests, family interests, former farmers • Non-operator landlords—those who own ag land AND rent it to a farmer operator • “Landlord” is gender neutral © AFT
- 4. The Data: USDA Census of Agriculture: • every five years, surveys FARMERS USDA Tenure, Ownership, & Transition of Agricultural Land (TOTAL) Survey: • a “comprehensive study of all land, including non-operator landlords of agricultural land”. • part of the Census of Agriculture program. • Completed once, in 2014. AFT Non-operator landowner survey: • in progress, 11 states, Illinois is complete. © USDA
- 5. Percent Land in Farms Rented or Leased, 2012 2012 US Census Dark blue = 60% or more of farmland is leased High proportion rented correlates fairly well with areas of intensive crop production
- 6. Who owns the rented lands? Ag Census only surveys FARMERS, it can only tell us if land is rented. It cannot tell us rented by whom… © NRCS
- 7. 2014 TOTAL Survey: Tenure, Ownership, and Transition of Agricultural Land
- 8. What we know from TOTAL 39% of 911 million acres (368,668,620 hectares) of farmland in the US is rented. Women make up 37% of agricultural landlords. For those farmers who rent land, most rent from multiple landlords. 57% of rented acres are renewed annually. © AFT
- 9. The future of farmland ownership Ag landowners plan to transfer 91.5 million acres (10%) in the next 5 years Most (57 M acres, or 62%) via gifts or trusts 34 M intended to be sold, 40% likely to relatives ONLY 21 M ACRES (2.3%) ON THE OPEN MARKET Long term trends: 371 Million acres expected to change hands over the next 20 years. © Huffington Post
- 10. What we have learned from experience… They care. They are interested and want to learn more. They tend to act when given access and information. They do not “only care about the rent” They are not “absent”… © AFT
- 11. Agricultural Landowner Survey 11-state* survey of NOLs focusing on: The NOL-renter relationship Communication in the relationship Conservation attitudes and behaviors Conservation outreach needs *States were chosen to reflect highest rental rates and regional diversity: Washington, California, Kansas, Arkansas, Texas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, North Carolina, New York.
- 12. Methods Principal investigator is Dr. Peg Petrzelka, Utah State University. Mail survey completed by Iowa State University Survey Lab. Lists purchased from Farm Market ID. Owners only. Double- checked using Core Logic & deed searches. 1500 surveys mailed, goal is 300 returned • 750 males, 750 females • 25+ acres • Acre range of high to low • Land distributed throughout the state • Land is in the state, landowner could live anywhere (samples resident and non-resident) • Trusts eliminated
- 13. The landowners Experience with farming I/we have operated a farm 39% I/we have helped our parents or another relative farm 29% I/we have worked on a non-relative’s farm 5% Neither I nor my spouse (if any) have farmed 25% Residency I live on my land 30% I do not live on my land 70% Average distance is 217 miles, range was 0-7000 miles! (IA 62 mi, WA 402 mi) How often do you visit your land? Weekly, monthly, multiple times per year 73% Yearly or less 27% Average age (range was 19-108!) 70 years What best describes you? Farmer/former farmer/spouse of former farmer 48% Grew up on farm 22% Landowner 11%
- 14. Who will be the next owner of this land? A relative who will farm it 19% A relative who will rent it out 48% Placed into trust 13% Whoever offers best price (related or not) 10% Someone unrelated 9% Unknown/other 15% 0-9 Years 10-30 Years 31-119 Years 120+ Years HOW LONG HAVE YOU/YOUR FAMILY OWNED THIS LAND? <10 Years >10 Years Don't know FOR HOW LONG WILL YOU OWN THIS LAND?
- 15. When evaluating your current or future farm tenants, how important are the following characteristics? • Trustworthiness • Reputation as a good farmer • Length of time rented from my family • That I like them as a person • That they are a good communicator • That they care about me • That they care about my land • That they are financially responsible • Reliability in paying rent on time • Amount of rent they will pay per acre • Ability to maintain wildlife habitat • Ability to maintain soil productivity • Ability to avoid contaminating waterways • Ability to avoid soil erosion
- 16. Characteristics most commonly cited as “Very Important” • Trustworthiness (93-97%) • Reputation as a good farmer (76-84%) • That they care about my land (80-88%) • Ability to maintain soil productivity (78-88%) • That they are financially responsible (77-86%)
- 17. Characteristics most commonly cited as “not at all important” Ability to maintain wildlife habitat (7-24%) Amount of rent they will pay per acre (8-24%) Length of time rented from my family (7-12%) 31% 43% 49%
- 18. The relationship and the lease Crop share / Cash rent 50/50 in IN, OH 71/24 in IA 57/34 in IL, AR, TX, KS, WA Verbal leases 63% in IN, OH, IL, AR, TX, KS 47% in IA 33% in WA Annual term most common (71%) Length of time with same tenant = 17 years (range: 1-100 yrs) Relative = 30% Friend of family = 42% Neither relative or friend of family= 28%* Relationship to farm tenant
- 19. Landowners trust their farmers! • 92% of respondents “trust my operator to make good conservation decisions” • 88% of respondents are “committed to my operator’s continuation as a renter on my land” • 26% of respondents cite their operator as their most trusted source of conservation information © AFT
- 20. Leasing and conservation practices I am comfortable… …extending the length of my operator’s lease to facilitate implementation of conservation practices on my land – 81% …asking my operator to use certain conservation practices on my land – 76% …asking my operator to amend or make an addendum to our lease requiring conservation practices – 63%
- 21. Conclusions • Landowners trust their tenants • Landowners are willing to change lease terms to accommodate conservation • if they are asked… • If they know to ask… • Anecdotal evidence that landowner would contribute to the cost of practices • Land, they’re not making any more of it…
- 22. Women Caring for the LandSM • Launched by WFAN in 2009 – expanded in 2013 to 7 states with national NRCS CIG funding and now delivered by multiple partners. • Always a conservation focus – only programming for women that emphasizes conservation, most other women’s ag programs don’t • Programming designed to help women thrive as learners. • Discussion-based, facilitated not lecture, women meet their local resource people
- 24. CIG across 7 states – Urban women NOLOs • 28 meetings in large urban centers in each state last year Illinois Indiana Iowa Minnesota Missouri Nebraska Wisconsin
- 25. Who are they and where do you find them?
- 27. Connecting women landowners to resources • 184 women owned 32,537 acres 256 acres owned average • 66 % the soil health information was “more than half or all new” • 54% the agency resources were “mostly or all new”
- 28. More about these urban women NOLOs 80% have owned more than 4 years 75% do have written leases 75% visit their land many time per year 65% are the sole decision makers
- 30. WFAN’s survey • 50 to 65 year olds, original research in Iowa was with much older women and during the years 2006-2007 • Newer inheritors, more land still owned by 70s and older
- 31. THEURBANNON- OPERATORLANDOWNER THE NEXT STEP IN EMPOWERING WOMEN LANDOWNERS BY MEETING THEM WHERE THEY ARE.
- 33. Developmentof Women4theLand CREATED A STEERING COMMITTEE: American Farmland Trust IN Association of Soil and Water Conservation Districts Indiana Department of Environmental Management Indiana Department of Natural Resources Indiana Farm Bureau Indiana State Department of Agriculture Hoosier Heartland RC&D Marion County Soil and Water Conservation District The Nature Conservancy Tippecanoe County Soil and Water Conservation District USDA – Farm Service Agency USDA – Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Cropping System Initiative Purdue Extension
- 34. Developmentof Women4theLand Trainings and Workshops Marketing and Communications Fundraising • ESTABLISHED SUBCOMMITTEES IconIcon Icon • DEVELOPED A BUSINESS PLAN AND GOALS
- 35. Developmentof Women4theLand TRAINING AND WORKSHOP SUBCOMMITTEE: • Trained a Group of W4tL Facilitators • Hold Refresher Trainings • Train New Facilitators
- 36. Developmentof Women4theLand MARKETING AND COMMUNICATIONS SUBCOMMITTEE: • Created a website • Developed publications • Social Media presence
- 37. Developmentof Women4theLand FUNDRAISING SUBCOMMITTEE: • Secured NRCS Contribution Agreement • Partner on AFT grants • Looking for private funding
- 38. Developmentof Women4theLand HIRED A STATE COORDINATOR • Manages business plan and budget • Coordinates Steering Committee • Touches base with subcommittee chairs • Point of contact for the program
- 39. Women4theLandAccomplishments Active cadre of about 15 W4tL Facilitators Between 2016 and 2018, engaged over 700 women at 40 circles (operators, owners, professionals)
- 41. 2017 Two Events 16 Attendees UrbanCIGEvents 2018 Six Events 46 Attendees 2019 Five Events planned Leaving Indy area
- 42. FarmMarket ID Mailing List FSA Absentee Landowner List Local SWCD Mailing Lists Farm Bureau List (then general media) Finding theWomen Direct Mail
- 43. MEETINGFORMAT LOCATION NEAR URBAN CENTER • Pros: Convenience, familiar, accessible • Cons: No farm tours, cost, logistics like parking LUNCH HOUR OR EVENING SESSION • Pros: Children at school, convenience of long lunch or leaving work early, shorter commitment • Cons: Long lunches not feasible for all, short timeframe is challenging
- 47. VisualAids
- 48. VisualAids
- 49. VisualAids
- 50. VisualAids
- 51. VisualAids
- 52. VisualAids
- 54. FamiliarTopics Extreme weather conditions are creating the need for adaptive response solutions.
- 55. FamiliarValues
- 56. Together Conservation Partners and private landowners maintain, improve and protect the health of the land for the economic and environmental well being of our country.
- 57. USDA and its partnering agencies are equal opportunity providers, employers and lenders. QUESTIONS?
Notas del editor
- I’ll kick things off with some context, describing what we know about landowners in Illinois. Ask what they think is most common
- Add a note about our experience!
- USDA ag census – only surveys operators! Dark blue- 60% or more leased (compared to 2007 census where highest category was 50%) In Iowa, across the state, over 60% rented or leased Note that the darkest colors fairly well correspond with the areas of intensive crop production
- Coupling with non-operator data… The Tenure, Ownership and Transition of Agricultural Land (TOTAL) survey is a study of all agricultural landlords – operators and non-operators – conducted by the USDA Natnl Ag Statistics Service (NASS) in collaboration with the USDA Economic Research Service (ERS). TOTAL is part of the Census of Ag program. NASS released data in August 2015 for calendar year 2014. Only covers contiguous 48 states. Of the 31%: Individuals = 49%; Partnerships = 19%; Corprations = 11%; Trusts = 18%; Other = 3% See: Bigelow, Daniel, Allison Borchers, and Todd Hubbs. U.S. Farmland Ownership, Tenure, and Transfer. EIB-161, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, August 2016. Report online at: www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib-economic-information-bulletin/eib161
- And this renewed annually is a biggie
- Combination of TOTAL and Ag census – from our fact sheet.
- I’ll focus on these first two – it’s where the most interesting data is coming from.
- Iowa – 56% have operated a farm before. Residency – IN, IA, OH are closer to 50/50 KS and WA are anomalies – more landowners visiting land less frequently. WA landowners are less likely to be primary decision makers, more likely it’s family corp or farm operator.
- Range of acres owned was 7-3500 ac Need to add this slide back in – it’s the future of ag, why it’s important that we work with this audience
- 31% said wildlife habitat was very important; 43% said amount of rent was very important; 49% said loyalty was very important
- Cash vs shares: Even split in: IN, OH. More cash rent in: IA. More shares in: IL, AK,TX,KS,WA Verbal much more common except in IA and WA (average does not include IA and WA) In WA – 61% of lease agreements have a term longer than 3 years, average does not include WA. In Ark and TX – 42% of respondents said tenants were not friend/family
- Important to work with this audience: for conservation, for land access and the future of farming!
- It was taken by Joe Dickie, Joe Dickie Photography at a learning circle meeting in Aberdeen, South Dakota conducted by Women, Food and Agriculture Network sponsored by the South Dakota Association of Conservation Districts, through a Conservation Collaboration Agreement of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
- Where I started researching in Iowa – typical women landowners were 65 and older, inherited land they want to keep. 1 in 10 acres in Iowa is owned by a woman age 70 and older by herself. When I found out women owned so much land I was dumbfounded. I had done outreach for conservation topics for almost 20 years and never intended to discriminate against women but they weren’t nearly half of the audiences. As a soil commissioner I noted that women’s names were not on the folders I was signing for CRP – out of 50 folders a couple years there were only 3 women’s names. There was very, very little known about women’s interests in their land, really nothing about their conservation interests. There was an emerging body of work aimed at studying women famers, but not the non-operator women who owned land that was and still is crucial to the larger agricultural enterprise. Just stop and think about if women suddenly did not allow their land to be farmed. It’s a significant amount of land, and as conservationists we must become more effective.
- So at our Indiana meetings, I have added slide shows. No text, not a “presentation” but visual aids. Give the women context.
- Show them images they may be more familiar
- Hwo do you know where to start: the introductions. Poll the women, make note of experiences, questions, etc.
- Water Quality, climate change, extreme weather, sustainable ag- these are buzz words they are familiar with
- Family, Legacy, the next generation- they probably would not be in attendance if these were not on their mind.
- By adjusting the approach some, we are meeting women where they are. And by hitting that message “You need to start the conversation, “ then arming them with the information, we see that the survey results show that more women feel empowered to take that step, to talk to their tenant, and to engage soil health on their land. Even if it is a county, state, or time zone away.