A communication network is a group of computers that use a set of common communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or provided by the network nodes.
Wireless technologies are very famous and have taken over our life’s in daily to daily task, and it is popular among the techno people and the modern researchers. The time wireless technology was discovered, it had all the potential of the world to take over many previous technologies working with help of wires.
New Media Technology- The concept of communication technologyFaindra Jabbar
New Media Technology
Topic: The concept of communication technology
Introduction
Communication Technology
The Milestones of technology in communication
The Digital Exchange concept
A communication network is a group of computers that use a set of common communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or provided by the network nodes.
Wireless technologies are very famous and have taken over our life’s in daily to daily task, and it is popular among the techno people and the modern researchers. The time wireless technology was discovered, it had all the potential of the world to take over many previous technologies working with help of wires.
New Media Technology- The concept of communication technologyFaindra Jabbar
New Media Technology
Topic: The concept of communication technology
Introduction
Communication Technology
The Milestones of technology in communication
The Digital Exchange concept
Wireless Personal area networks (Wpan)Biplob Orton
A wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a personal, short distance area wireless network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person's workspace
New Media Technology - The Ownership and Administration of the InternetFaindra Jabbar
New Media Technology
Topic: The Ownership and Administration of the Internet
Overview
How the Internet works?
ISP
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
Types of Internet Connections
hey!!!!! everybody dats was simple ppt on mobile computing as u all aware dat d world is not stationary things are getting change technology is rocking all over so lets get into in it
and plz. dont forget to comment on my work weather u lik or not
IEEE 2014 JAVA PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROJECTS The design-and-evaluation-of-an-...IEEEMEMTECHSTUDENTPROJECTS
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09666155510, 09849539085 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.com-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.org
Wireless Personal area networks (Wpan)Biplob Orton
A wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a personal, short distance area wireless network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person's workspace
New Media Technology - The Ownership and Administration of the InternetFaindra Jabbar
New Media Technology
Topic: The Ownership and Administration of the Internet
Overview
How the Internet works?
ISP
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
Types of Internet Connections
hey!!!!! everybody dats was simple ppt on mobile computing as u all aware dat d world is not stationary things are getting change technology is rocking all over so lets get into in it
and plz. dont forget to comment on my work weather u lik or not
IEEE 2014 JAVA PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROJECTS The design-and-evaluation-of-an-...IEEEMEMTECHSTUDENTPROJECTS
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09666155510, 09849539085 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.com-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.org
What is NFC?
NFC or Near Field Communication is a short range high frequency wireless communication technology.
A radio communication is established by touching the two phones or keeping them in a proximity of a few centimetres.
NFC is mainly aimed for mobile or handheld devices.
NFC is an extension of Radio frequency identification or RFID technology.
RFID is mainly used for tracking and identification by sending radio waves.
NFC traces its roots back to radio-frequency identification, or RFID. RFID allows a reader to send radio waves to a passive electronic tag for identification, authentication and tracking.
2004 Nokia, Philips and Sony established the Near Field Communication (NFC) Forum.
2006 Initial specifications for NFC Tags.
2006 Nokia 6131 was the first NFC phone.
2009 In January, NFC Forum released Peer-to-Peer standards to transfer contact, URL, initiate Bluetooth, etc.
2010 Samsung Nexus S: First Android NFC phone shown.
2013 Samsung and Visa announce major partnership to develop mobile payments
NFC was approved as an ISO/IEC standard on December 8, 2003 and later as an ECMA standard.
ISO/IEC 18092 / ECMA-340 - Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol-1 (NFCIP).
ISO/IEC 21481 / ECMA-352 - Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol-2 (NFCIP-2).
NFC incorporates a variety of existing standards including ISO/IEC 14443.
In addition, the NFC Forum has defined a common data format called NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF).
As with proximity card technology, near-field communication uses magnetic induction between two loop antennas located within each other's near field, effectively forming an air-core transformer.
NFC always involves an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an RF field that can power a passive target.
This enables NFC targets to take very simple form factors such as tags, stickers, key fobs, or cards that do not require batteries.
NFC peer-to-peer communication is possible, provided both devices are powered.
Most of the RF energy is concentrated in the allowed ±7 kHz bandwidth range, but the full spectral envelope may be as wide as 1.8 MHz when using ASK modulation
NFC is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typically requiring a distance of 10 cm or less.
NFC operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface and at rates ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s.
It operates within the globally available and unlicensed radio frequency ISM band of 13.56 MHz.
Theoretical working distance with compact standard antennas: up to 20 cm (practical working distance of about 4 cm).
Supported data rates: 106, 212 or 424 kbit/s (the bit rate 848 kbit/s is not compliant with the standard ISO/IEC 18092).
NFC devices are able to receive and transmit data at the same time.
The 'digital wallet' exists in the cloud, and it is not tethered to one specific device such as a mobile phone, but accessible from a variety of devices such as laptop, iPad, ultrabook or even Xbox.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_field_communication
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/near-field-communication6.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NFC-enabled_mobile_devices
http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/what-is-nfc-and-why-is-it-in-your-phone-948410
http://near-field.blogspot.in/p/pros-cons.html
Near field communication (NFC) is a set of standards for smartphones and similar devices to establish
Near field communication (NFC) is a set of standards for smartphones and similar devices to establish radio communication with each other by touching them together or bringing them into proximity, usually no more than a few inches.
Near Field Communication . In modern era every type of work we can do by the use of technology. So Nfc is a better way to use our technology in a comfortable way
Cyber security refers to the body of technologies, processes, and practices designed to protect networks, devices, programs, and data from attack, damage, or unauthorized access. Cyber security may also be referred to as information technology security.
Also known as stepwise-refinement or decomposition, this approach takes the whole software system as one entity and decomposes it to achieve more than one subsystem based on some characteristics.
When a relation is not in appropriate normal form then the decomposition of a relation is required. It breaks the table into multiple tables. If the relation has no proper decomposition, then it may lead to loss of information. Eliminate some of the problems like anomalies, inconsistencies, and redundancy.
Advanced SQL covers selecting columns, aggregate functions like MIN() and MAX(), the CASE WHEN statement, JOINs, the WHERE clause, GROUP BY, declaring variables, and subqueries
In Job Sequencing Deadline Problem, the
the objective is to find the sequence of jobs,
which is completed within their deadline
and gives maximum profit.
The Next Generation Internet (NGI) is a European Commission initiative that aims to shape the development and evolution of the Internet into an Internet of Humans.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
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This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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2. Table of Contents
What is
NFC?
History
How NFC
works?
Standards of
NFC
Applications
Comparison
with
Bluetooth
NFC Devices
Benefits of
NFC
Vulnerabilities
of NFC
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
3. What is NFC?
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a contact-less communication
technology based on a radio frequency (RF) field.
NFC technology is perfectly designed to exchange data between two
devices through a simple touch gesture.
In other words, Near-Field Communication (NFC) is a set
of communication protocols for communication between two electronic
devices over a distance of 4 cm (11⁄2 in) or less using a base frequency of
13.56 MHz
4. History of NFC
NFC is rooted in Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)
technology which allows compatible hardware to both supply
power to and communicate with an unpowered electronic tag
using radio waves.
May 17,
1983
• The first patent with the abbreviation "RFID" was granted to Charles
Walton, founder of the company known as “Proximity Devices”.
Early
1997
• This patent was first used in Star Wars, which allowed the data
communication between two devices in close proximity.
Mar 25,
2002
• Philips and Sony applied for the six fundamental patents of NFC.
Late
2004
• Nokia launch NFC shell add-on for Nokia 5140 and later Nokia
3220 models, to be shipped in 2005.
5. History of NFC
2006
• This year marked the initial specifications for NFC Tags.
2007
• These NFC tags were used as the first consumer trial in the UK
for Nokia 6131 handset.
Jan 2009
• NFC Forum released Peer-to-Peer standards to transfer
contacts, URLs, initiate Bluetooth, etc
2010
• First NFC-capable smart-phone, known as Nokia C7, and first
Android NFC phone, known as Samsung Nexus were released.
2011
• NFC support becomes part of the Symbian mobile operating
system with the release of Symbian Anna version
6. History of NFC
2012
• Sony introduced NFC "Smart Tags" to change modes and profiles on Sony
smartphone at close range, included with the Sony Xperia P Smartphone
released the same year
2013
• IBM scientists, in an effort to curb fraud and security breaches, developed
an NFC-based mobile authentication security technology.
2014
• AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile released Softcard, which runs on NFC-enabled
Android phones and iPhone 4 and iPhone 5 when an external NFC case is
attached
2015
• Google’s Android Pay function was launched, a direct rival to Apple Pay,
and its roll-out across the US commenced.
10. Applications of NFC
• NFC devices can be used in contactless payment systems, similar to those
used in credit cards and electronic ticket smart cards and allow mobile
payment to replace/supplement these systems.
Commerce
• NFC offers a low-speed connection with simple setup that can be used
to bootstrap more capable wireless connections.
Bootstrap
• NFC can be used for social networking, for sharing contacts, text messages
and forums, links to photos, videos or files and entering multiplayer mobile
games.
Social Network
• NFC-enabled devices can act as electronic identity documents found in
Passports and ID cards, and keycards for the use in Login Cards, Car key
and Access badges, etc.
Identity and Access
Tokens
• Smartphones can be paired with NFC Tags that can be programmed by NFC
apps. These programs can allow a change of phone settings, texting, app
launching, or command execution.
Smartphone
Automation
• NFC has been used in video games starting with Skylanders: Spyro's
Adventure.
Gaming
• Adidas Telstar 18 is a soccer ball that contains an NFC chip within. The chip
enables users to interact with the ball using a smartphone.
Sports
13. Benefits of NFC
NFC allows for faster transactions which cuts down on the amount of
time customers have to wait in line as well as time spent at the
register.
Efficient
NFC technology is easy to implement with just NFC-enabled payment
terminals, like credit card terminals or integrated point of sale
systems.
Easy to
implement
NFC signals can't be hacked from across town, across the street,
because data is transmitted within centimeters from NFC devices, like
a payment terminal.
Secured
NFC make payment transactions easy, as consumers often only need
to hold up their phones or their NFC cards to make a payment.
Ease of
use
14. Vulnerabilities of NFC
The range of NFC is limited to a few centimeters, so the standard plain NFC is
not protected against eavesdropping and thus becomes vulnerable.
An attacker can typically eavesdrop within 10 m of an active device and 1 m for
passive devices.
Because NFC devices usually include ISO/IEC 14443 protocols, relay attacks are
feasible. For this attack the adversary forwards the request of the reader to the
victim and relays its answer to the reader in real time, pretending to be the owner
of the victim's smart card.
As NFC uses radio waves for data transfer, the possibility for any number of
security attack exist such as data corruption, data modification and imposter
attacks.
15. Conclusion
NFC would enable all the users to make payments simply by tapping their
mobile phones with mobile phone reader like debit card or credit card
transactions.
Many banks, mobile operators, vendors and companies are implementing NFC
technology.
Since it is new technology therefore users need to learn about this technology on
how it works.
NFC needs collaboration among banks, merchants and mobile companies to
provide a secured platform to users that support NFC technology.
But it is very crucial to set up a secured platform for NFC so that users could
adopt this technology easily.