nursing faculty

1. MR, SAGAR M
MSC NSG (MED SURG)

3. Definition….
 Adrenal tumors are cancerous or
noncancerous growths on the adrenal glands.
The cause of most adrenal tumors is
unknown. Risk factors for adrenal tumors can
include Carney complex, Li-Fraumeni
syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type
2 and neurofibromatosis type 1. Adrenal
tumors may be removed surgically.

4. Cont
 Adrenal tumors are tumors on the adrenal
glands.The adrenal glands are located above the
kidneys and have two parts, the adrenal cortex
and the adrenal medulla.
 The adrenal cortex secretes hormones including
cortisol and aldosterone.The adrenal medulla
produces dopamine, epinephrine and
norepinephrine.
 There are different types of adrenal tumors, and
they can be either cancerous or noncancerous
(benign).

5. Risk factors…
 The cause of most adrenal tumors is
unknown. Some hereditary conditions have
been linked to an increased risk of developing
an adrenal tumor.The hereditary conditions
include:
 Carney complex
 Li-Fraumeni syndrome
 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
 Neurofibromatosis type 1

6. Cont…
 Carney complex is a hereditary condition
associated with spotty skin pigmentation;
myxomas, which are benign (noncancerous)
connective tissue tumors; and a number of
other tumors of the endocrine (hormone-
producing) glands.Tumors can be benign or
cancerous.

7. Cont…
 Li–Fraumeni syndrome is a rare, autosomal
dominant, hereditary disorder that pre-disposes
carriers to cancer development. It was named
after two American physicians, Frederick Pei
Li and Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr.,
 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is a
hereditary condition associated with three
primary types of tumors: medullary thyroid
cancer, parathyroid tumors, and
pheochromocytoma. (neuroendocrine tumor )

8. Cont…
 Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a condition
characterized by changes in skin coloring
(pigmentation) and the growth of tumors
along nerves in the skin, brain, and other
parts of the body. ... Some people
withneurofibromatosis type 1 develop
cancerous tumors that grow along nerves.

9. Clinical sign…
 Several signs and symptoms may be seen,
including:
 Bruising
 High blood pressure
 Weakness
 High blood sugar levels or diabetes
 Low potassium levels
 Excessive hair growth
 Sweating

10. Clinical sign..
 Anxiety/panic attacks
 Osteoporosis
 Fat deposits on the neck
 Heart palpitations
 Increased weight or weight loss
 Stretch marks on the abdomen
 Depressed mood
 Nervousness

11. Diagnostic…
 Blood tests will be completed.
 A test of the cortisol levels may be done. Urine
may need to be collected for 24 hours.
 A biopsy of the tumor may be completed to
determine whether or not the tumor is
malignant.
 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed
tomography
 (CT) scans may be used.
 Other tests may include adrenal vein sampling or
a metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan.

12. Diagnostic……
 an image-guided fine needle biopsy
 an ultrasound
 a CT scan
 a positron emission tomography (PET) scan
 an MRI scan
 an adrenal angiography

13. Management…
 Hormone therapy may be required prior to or
after other options, such as surgery, have
been done. If the tumor is cancerous,
chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be
needed.
 The tumor may be removed via surgery.
 Adrenalectomy, which involves removing the
adrenal gland. If the cancer has spread to
other parts of the body, your surgeon may
also remove nearby lymph nodes and tissue.

14. Other treatment..
 Mitotane (Lysodren) is the most common
drug used in the treatment of adrenal cancer.
In some cases, it’s given after surgery. It can
block excessive hormone production and may
help decrease the size of the tumor.

15. Complication….
 If surgery is done, bleeding may occur. Also,
extra stress hormones may be produced by
the body.
 Side effects of chemotherapy include hair
loss, risk for infection, fatigue, nausea,
vomiting and decreased appetite. Radiation
can cause diarrhea, fatigue, nausea and skin
reactions.