1. Welcome

2. RADAR
By
P.Sai kamal
II yr ECE
10BA1A0443

3. Overview
 History
 What is radar ?
 Components
 Principle of operation
 Radar range measurement
 Radar equation
 Radar frequency bands
 Classification
 Applications
 Conclusion

4. History
Heinrich hertz-1886-radio waves reflection
Hülsmeyer-1903-detection of radio waves
Marconi-1992-shortwaves radio detection
L.A Hyland-1930-Air craft detection

5. What is Radar?
 Radio Detection And Ranging

6. Components
• Transmitter
• Duplexer
• Receiver

7. Principle of operation
Antenna
Propagation
Target
Cross
Section
Reflected
Transmitted Pulse
Pulse (“echo”)
Radar observables:
• Target range
• Target angles (azimuth)
• Target size
• Target speed (Doppler)
• Target features (imaging)

9. Radar equation
The power Pr returning to the receiving antenna is
given by the equation:
Pt = transmitter power
Where
Gt = gain of the transmitting antenna
Ar = area of the receiving antenna
σ = scattering coefficient of the target
F = pattern propagation factor
Rt = distance from
transmitter to target
Rr = distance from the target to the receiver.

10. Radar Frequency Bands

12. Block diagram of primary radar

13. Block diagram of pulse radar

14. CW-Radar
Transmitter
Receiver

15. Applications
Air traffic control Air craft navigation Military
Ship safety Space Remote sensing

16. Applications
Incoherent Scatter Radar

17. INDIAN radar systems
INDRA ROHINI

18. Modern radar updates
5-10 cars from both directions Looks like traffic light

19. Modern radar updates
Captures photos of crossing 100kms
For motor vehicles

20. Conclusion
Radar is a way to detect and study far off
objects
Basically its a radio echo