Graphene, a single atom layer of Carbon, has amazing properties, that can be used in various fields such as flexible transparent touch screen, paper battery, ultra capacitor ect. Get an overall knowledge about what is graphene, its structure, synthesis, applications from this slides. Graphene technologies are creating a new era in the material science and hence in other sectors.
2. OVERVIEW
1) What is GRAPHENE?
2) Different properties of Graphene
3) Preparation processes
4) Special about it...!!!
5) Applications
6) Drawbacks
7) Conclusion
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4. In 2004 two physicist Andre Geim and Konstantin
Novoselov extracted single atom thick Graphene from
Graphite for first time at University of Manchester. In
2010 they were awarded with Noble Prize in Physics. 4
6. STRUCTURE
Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of
sp2-bonded carbon atoms that are densely
packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice.
C-C bond length is about 0.142nm, and
graphene sheets stack to form graphite with
inter planner spacing of 0.335nm.
It is considered as a two dimensional object.
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8. CHEMICAL
Graphene is the most reactive form of the carbon
as it has the highest surface area among other
forms of Carbon.
It burns at 350 ˚C.
OPTICAL
Monolayer Graphene absorbes 2.3% of
white light; i.e it is almost TRANSPARENT.
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9. ELECTRONIC
Graphene Sheet has :
Graphene has a remarkably high electron mobility at
room temperature
Conductivity about 106 Ω −1·cm−1
Silver has Conductivity about 6.3*105Ω −1·cm−1
THERMAL
It has thermal conductivity about
(4400- 5780)Wm−1K −1
Which is higher than Silver, Cupper, Diamond.
A graphene coating is used to boost thermal
conductivity of Polyethylene terephalate(PET).
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10. MECHANICAL
It is the strongest material ever discovered.
The Spring constant of Graphene is higher than
graphite which makes it more rigid and stronger.
Very light i.e 0.77mg per 1sq m which is 1000
times lighter than same size of paper.
High fracture strength about 130GPa.
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11. PREPARATIONS
• Exfoliation of
graphite peel-off
method
• Colloidal
suspensions from
graphite oxide or
graphite
intercalation
compounds (GICs)
• Total Organic
Synthesis
• chemical vapour
deposition (CVD)
1,Top-down
approach
(From graphite)
2.Bottom up approach
(from carbon
precursors)
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14. 1. Single Molecule gas detection
2. Ultra capacitor (Super Capacitor)
3. Graphene Biodevices
4. Replacement of Polymer nano composites
5. Transparent and Conducting Electrode
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15. 1. Single Molecule Gas Detection
Gas molecules attach themselves to graphene only
to add or take away the electrons, which results in
notable change of electrical conductance
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16. 2.Ultra Capacitors
If a graphene sheet is used to separate the electrolyte
inside a capacitor then it stores more energy than the
electrolyte only.
More no. of charged particles are accumulated on the
surface of Graphene, hence double layer is formed .
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17. Advantages of super Capacitors in comparison
to general capacitor
Long life
Rapid charging
High power storage
Act as high power battery at
discharging
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19. 4.Replacement of nanocomposites
In nano devices, Electrically and thermally
conductive nanocomposites can be replaced by
Graphene sheets
5.Transparent and Flexible electrode
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20. DRAWBACKS IN USING GREPHENE
1. There is no such industrial method for synthesis
of Graphene which prevents its commercialisation.
2. Its catalytic effect defects the metal in battery; it
needs some chemical modification.
3. Graphene sheet needs to have a substrate for use
e.g: Cellophane coating is required for use as a
transparent electrode.
4. It has cytotoxic effect.
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21. CONCLUSION
1. The quality and availability of “Synthetic graphene”
will continue to improve.
2. Science must have ample access to improve
graphene material & integrate it to the present day
gadgets.
3. As synthetic routs improve the prospects of
replacing ITO in touch screens and “Si” for
Semiconductor Industries, seems feasible.
4. Graphene is Biodegradable.
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Graphite is one of the 3 naturally occurring allotropes of Carbon. The word “Graphene” is derived from its mother material “Graphite”. So Graphene is pure carbon in the form of a very thin, nearly transparent sheet, one atom thick.
Theory of Graphene was first explored by P R Wallance in 1947.Sir A Geim and K Novoselov, two Russian scientists, extracted Graphene from bulk Graphite by micromechanical cleavage process. They explained the commercial extraction process from graphite.
It is the best electrical conductor among any known material.
Diamond is electrically insulator but very good conductor for heat even better than Cu, Ag, Al, Pb, Steel.
Graphene is even better conductor of heat than diamond.
If we take same thickness of steel then graphene will be 100 times stronger. It is also Flexible
Graphene based nano sensors for toxic gases. Graphene is extremely sensitive to the presence of minute amount of gases such as alcohol vapour or Carbon mono oxide.
Graphene can be used to detect smallbiomolecules such as bacteria, proteins, Cells, Nucleic acids
In touch Screen there is a Indium tin oxide coating which can be replaced by Graphene