Internet Technology Lectures Domain Name Lecturer: Saman M. Almufti / Kurdistan Region, Nawroz University facebook: https://www.facebook.com/saman.malmufti YouTube link: https://youtu.be/XUSSqmPKvj0

1. Internet Technology
Saman M. Almufti
Lecture 7

3. Domain Name
• A Domain Name is a name that identifies IP addresses on the
internet. Domain names are used to identify web pages. For
example, in the (http://journal.qubahan.com/), the domain name is
(qubahan).
• A domain name takes the form of two main elements. For example,
the domain name Facebook.com consists of the website’s name
(Facebook) and the domain name extension (.com).
• Domain name registrations are overseen by an organization called
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers).
ICANN specifies which domain name extensions are available and
keeps a centralized database of where the domain names point to.

4. Domain Names Hierarchy
• Domain names are organized in a hierarchical manner. On
the top of the hierarchy is the DNS Root domain which is
null (nameless). The first level of this tree consists of top-
level domains (TLDs) including generic top-level domains
(gTLDs), such as com, org, net, and edu, and country code
top-level domains (ccTLDs).
• The second and third level domains are open to public
for reservation, who wish to run website or create other
public internet resource, such as mail, ftp, etc.

5. Website extension
Top Level Domain
Top level domains can be further classified into two main categories: gTLD and ccTLD
1- gTLD: gTLD stands for generic top level domain. Initially ICANN implemented a group of gTLDs which
represented a set of categories of names and organizations. These included the following domains com:
A top level domain is the part of domain name which is at the top level of the internet’s domain name system. There
are over a thousand TLDs available but the most common include .com, .org, .net, and .edu.
The official list of TLDs is maintained by an organization called the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
• ca - Canada
• iq - iraq
2- ccTLD: Country code top level domain (ccTLD) is the second most widely used top level domain and is reserved
for a country, state or a territory. All ccTLDs consists of two letters correspondent to ISO 3166-1-Alpha-2 country
codes.
• gov - Government agencies
• edu - Educational institutions
• org - Organizations (nonprofit)
• mil - Military
• com - commercial business
• net - Network organizations

6. Subdomains
A subdomain is an add-on to your primary
domain name. a subdomain is a separate part of
your website that operates under the same
primary domain name. For example, when you’re
sending an email via Gmail, you’re always using a
subdomain like mail.google.com. You’ll
automatically be forwarded to the subdomain that
corresponds to your physical location.

7. Domain Name Registrar
• A domain registrar, sometimes called a DNS registrar, is a company that sells domain names and
handles the business of registering them.
• Registrars must be accredited by the ICANN. Then, each time they sell a domain to a customer,
they’re expected to register it with the appropriate registry by updating a record with new
information.

8. Tips Before Buying Domain Names
-1-
Do your research & Discuss your
ideas.
-2-
Make it catchy and easy to
remember
-3-
Go with .com if possible
-4-
Check for
trademark infringement
-7-
Think future-proof.
-5-
Research social media
platforms
-8-
Look for close alternatives.
-6-
Avoid numbers and
hyphens.
For More Info.

9. IP Address

11. THANK YOU