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Compressive Membrane Action in Concrete Decks
1. Compressive Membrane Action in
Concrete Decks
9th fib International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
Sana Amir
24-07-2012
Prof. Dr. ir. J. C. Walraven, Dr. ir. C. van der Veen
Structural Engineering / Concrete Structures van de presentatie
Titel 1
2. Contents
1: Introduction: Compressive Membrane Action
2: CMA in reinforced concrete decks
- Flexural load carrying capacity
- Punching Shear capacity
3: Application of CMA theories to experimental data
4. CMA in transversely prestressed concrete decks : Investigating
Punching Shear capacity
5. Future Tests
6. Conclusions
Titel van de presentatie 2
3. Introduction
Compressive Membrane Action
CMA is a phenomenon that occurs in slabs whose edges are
restrained against lateral movement by stiff boundary elements.
This restraint induces compressive membrane forces in the
plane of the slab (Park and Gamble, 1980).
Titel van de presentatie 3
4. Introduction
Compressive Membrane Action
• Bridges are traditionally designed to carry the wheel load entirely in
flexure.
ASSUMPTION: Adequate shear capacity.
• A bridge deck slab designed for bending tends to fail in the punching
shear mode at a load much higher than that based on flexure.
?
• Considerable research is done on reinforced decks. Prestressed decks
need to be investigated.
PhD Research
Titel van de presentatie 4
5. CMA in reinforced concrete decks
Flexural Capacity by Rankin and Long
Marc ArchingCap acity
Mb BendingCap acity
Pflx k (Marc Mb)
ka = 8/L and kb = 4/L
Titel van de presentatie 5
6. Punching Shear Capacity
Kirkpatrick, Rankin, Long, Taylor’s Approach
UK HIGHWAY AGENCY STANDARD BD 81/02
kf c/ h 2
Qe
320 0.75d 2
Pp 1.52( d )d f c (100Qe )0.25
/
Titel van de presentatie 6
7. Punching Shear Capacity
Mikael Hallgren Model • Modified form of Kinnunen – Nylander Model.
Limitation:
Analysis of symmetric punching of reinforced
slabs without shear reinforcement – Open to
further development.
Titel van de presentatie 7
12. Prestressed Concrete Decks
• Provisional of additional in-plane forces due to prestressing
• Improved punching shear capacity
• Improved serviceability
Titel van de presentatie 12
13. Analysis Methods
Engineering Method Modified Hallgren Model
ps f pe
e s
fy
Charts from OHBDC or NZ code may be
used to estimate the ultimate capacity.
where Fb = η Fb(max) and Mb = η Mb(max)
Method of superposition
Punching Load
Boundary Lateral Prestressing
Restraint
Titel van de presentatie 13
15. (TPL ~ Punching Load)
100
90 Pt
Punching Load (kN)
Pmh
80
PNZ
70
Linear (Pt)
60
50
40
0 1 2 3 4 5
TPL (MPa)
Savides (1989), He (1992)
Tests in Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
• Prestressing postpones the commencement of lateral movements, delays cracking.
•Lesser the lateral movement possible, higher is the level of CMA leading to higher
punching loads.
Titel van de presentatie 15
16. FUTURE TESTS
• Variable TPL
• Joint skewness and roughness
• Variable position/locations of the load
Transverse Prestress Level
1.25 MPa 2.5 MPa
6400
Titel van de presentatie 16
19. Conclusions & Future Study
•The UK Highway Agency BD81/02 gives good results for rigidly restraint deck slabs.
However, when the restraint is low, the results are unsafe. Also, this method does not
allow for the effect of varying reinforcement ratio.
•Taylor’s approach incorporates both flexural punching and shear punching failures.
•The New Zealand code gives better estimation when the TPL is high.
•Modified Hallgren model gives good results both for reinforced and transversely
prestressed deck slabs, therefore it will be used for future tests as well.
• Deck slabs exhibit high punching strength in the presence of CMA resulting from lateral
restraint and transverse prestressing.
•Future Study: Working on a 3D Nonlinear FEM Analysis.
Titel van de presentatie 19