According to W.R. Borg
“The literature of any field forms the foundation upon which all future will be built. If we fail to build the foundation of knowledge provided by the review of literature our work is likely to be shallow and naïve and will often duplicate work that has already been done better by someone else”
This document provides guidance on selecting a thesis topic. It discusses choosing a focused and defined topic that is part of a broader problem. A good topic is interesting to the author, feasible within the timeframe and resources, and makes an important contribution by addressing a gap in the existing research. The document outlines the key components of a research proposal and literature review. It also discusses various research designs and ensuring the topic meets standards for examination. Resources for finding a topic include advisors, completed dissertations, and literature in the field. The conclusion emphasizes choosing an interesting, unique, and manageable topic within the author's expertise.
Scopus is Elsevier’s abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences, and health sciences
This document provides an introduction to databases and how to search them. It defines databases as online containers that hold a variety of academic materials like journal articles and peer-reviewed papers. It describes two types of databases - open access databases that are freely available and closed access databases that require institutional access. It highlights some key library databases and their benefits over sources like Google Scholar or Google for finding reliable scholarly information. It provides guidance on searching databases, including using keywords, Boolean operators, subject headings from thesauruses, and tips for developing effective search strategies.
4 Literature Search Techniques 2 Strategic Searchingrichard kemp
The document discusses strategies for conducting an effective literature search. It covers searching academic literature to find relevant sources, avoiding duplicating previous work, and learning from other scholars' methods and approaches. Search techniques include keyword searches in digital libraries and databases, browsing relevant books and articles, and tracking citations between sources. The optimal search strategy depends on the topic's scope and available sources. Literature searches should become more focused and specialized over time to increase knowledge of the subject.
The document discusses different referencing styles used in academic writing. It provides objectives of referencing which include studying formats, avoiding plagiarism, and indicating sources. The document defines referencing and its need. It describes types of references like journal, book, and internet references. It explains elements included in references like author, title, source. The document outlines several referencing styles - Harvard, Vancouver, MLA, APA, and Chicago styles. It provides examples of references formatted in each style and discusses the difference between a reference list and bibliography.
This document provides an overview of the literature review process. It defines a literature review, discusses the types and purposes of literature reviews. It outlines the key steps in conducting a literature review including defining the research problem, searching relevant literature, planning the review, taking notes, and summarizing findings. Sources of literature are primary sources like reports and theses, secondary sources like books and journals, and tertiary sources like indexes and abstracts. The document provides examples of formatting literature in bibliographies and taking structured notes on index cards to organize the review.
Role of review of literature in research processKrishnanchalil
Review of literature is the edifice of any level of research. So, a clear idea about how to review literature, its importance, major pitfalls in reviewing and other related issues are the subject of this slide
This document provides guidance on selecting a thesis topic. It discusses choosing a focused and defined topic that is part of a broader problem. A good topic is interesting to the author, feasible within the timeframe and resources, and makes an important contribution by addressing a gap in the existing research. The document outlines the key components of a research proposal and literature review. It also discusses various research designs and ensuring the topic meets standards for examination. Resources for finding a topic include advisors, completed dissertations, and literature in the field. The conclusion emphasizes choosing an interesting, unique, and manageable topic within the author's expertise.
Scopus is Elsevier’s abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences, and health sciences
This document provides an introduction to databases and how to search them. It defines databases as online containers that hold a variety of academic materials like journal articles and peer-reviewed papers. It describes two types of databases - open access databases that are freely available and closed access databases that require institutional access. It highlights some key library databases and their benefits over sources like Google Scholar or Google for finding reliable scholarly information. It provides guidance on searching databases, including using keywords, Boolean operators, subject headings from thesauruses, and tips for developing effective search strategies.
4 Literature Search Techniques 2 Strategic Searchingrichard kemp
The document discusses strategies for conducting an effective literature search. It covers searching academic literature to find relevant sources, avoiding duplicating previous work, and learning from other scholars' methods and approaches. Search techniques include keyword searches in digital libraries and databases, browsing relevant books and articles, and tracking citations between sources. The optimal search strategy depends on the topic's scope and available sources. Literature searches should become more focused and specialized over time to increase knowledge of the subject.
The document discusses different referencing styles used in academic writing. It provides objectives of referencing which include studying formats, avoiding plagiarism, and indicating sources. The document defines referencing and its need. It describes types of references like journal, book, and internet references. It explains elements included in references like author, title, source. The document outlines several referencing styles - Harvard, Vancouver, MLA, APA, and Chicago styles. It provides examples of references formatted in each style and discusses the difference between a reference list and bibliography.
This document provides an overview of the literature review process. It defines a literature review, discusses the types and purposes of literature reviews. It outlines the key steps in conducting a literature review including defining the research problem, searching relevant literature, planning the review, taking notes, and summarizing findings. Sources of literature are primary sources like reports and theses, secondary sources like books and journals, and tertiary sources like indexes and abstracts. The document provides examples of formatting literature in bibliographies and taking structured notes on index cards to organize the review.
Role of review of literature in research processKrishnanchalil
Review of literature is the edifice of any level of research. So, a clear idea about how to review literature, its importance, major pitfalls in reviewing and other related issues are the subject of this slide
This document provides information about conducting a literature search. It defines what literature is, discusses different types of literature resources including books, journals, reports, and grey literature. It describes primary and secondary sources as well as different formats including print, electronic, online and offline. The document outlines the purpose of literature reviews and discusses searching strategies including using libraries, identifying relevant sources, locating research sources, and summarizing research. It provides tips for online searching including using Boolean operators and search techniques. Finally, it discusses how to search, display, and save results from databases like PubMed and journals.
Advanced literature searching for health sciencese1033930
The document provides guidance on conducting an advanced literature search. It recommends that searches be comprehensive, structured, and auditable. Key steps include identifying concepts, selecting search terms, applying search techniques, selecting databases, refining results, and making a final selection. Databases like CINAHL are suggested. The document provides tips for developing effective search strategies and evaluating search results.
This document provides guidance on conducting and writing a literature review. It discusses the purpose of a literature review in analyzing and critically evaluating previous research on a topic. The document offers tips for finding relevant sources, narrowing a topic, developing a thesis statement, and organizing a literature review. It provides direction on what to include in writing a literature review such as summarizing previous findings, identifying gaps, and making recommendations for further research.
Journal impact measures: the Impact FactorTorres Salinas
The seminar on impact measures will first shed light on the best known and most controversial indicator, namely Garfield’s Journal Impact Factor. Its strengths and weaknesses as well as its correct use will be discussed thoroughly. Moreover the corresponding analytical tool, Clarivate Analytics’s Journal Citation Reports will be demonstrated.
Presented at the european summer school for scientometrics ESSS - July 16th, 2019 - Louvain
This document discusses various aspects of choosing a research topic, including:
- It is important to choose a topic you are interested in that is complex yet compelling. The topic should set the stage for your future research career.
- Generating ideas from course materials, news, the internet, advisors and literature. Attributes of a good topic include being feasible within the given resources and timeframe, and being worthwhile and providing new insights.
- Narrowing a topic by asking questions to refine the focus. Choosing a researchable question that is fact-based, relevant and action-oriented to provide direction for the research process.
The document discusses citation indexing. It defines citation indexing as a process that detects relationships between documents through citations. When one document cites another document, there is a conceptual relationship between the ideas in the two documents. The document outlines the history and development of citation indexing, including the first citation index created by Frank Shephard and important contributions by Eugene Garfield. It describes the major citation indexes produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), now Thomson Reuters, including the Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts and Humanities Citation Index.
This document provides information about indexing databases and citation databases. It defines a database as a collection of organized information that can be easily accessed and updated. Indexing databases are described as optimizing database performance by minimizing disk accesses during queries through the use of indexes. The document outlines different types of indexing, including clustered, non-clustered, and multi-level indexing. It then defines citation databases as collections of referenced academic works that can be used to evaluate publications by counting citations. The benefits of using citation databases over general search engines are discussed.
The document provides an overview of conducting a literature review, including defining what a literature review is, the purpose and importance of reviewing literature, key steps in the literature review process such as selecting topics, searching literature sources, analyzing and synthesizing information, using proper citation and referencing styles, and structuring the literature review. It discusses evaluating the quality, objectivity, and authenticity of sources, as well as addressing issues of plagiarism. Guidelines are provided for writing the literature review, including highlighting emerging issues, citing a variety of relevant sources, and using an active voice.
The h-index is a metric used to characterize both the productivity and impact of a researcher's publications. It is defined as the number of papers (h) that have been cited at least h times each. The h-index takes into account both the number of publications and the number of citations received. Several research databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, will calculate a researcher's h-index.
Importance and purposes of Literature Reviewvaibhavpaul9
Literature review means a “re” view or “look again” at what has already been written about the topic. Literature review compiles various research projects published by recognized scholars and researchers.
This slide includes the introduction about the literature review and definition of literature review and what are the importance and purposes of literature review , is presented here in very concise way, it includes some pictures that will help you for easily understand the topic and it is more interesting.
definition According to University of Toronto(2001):-
“A literature review is an account of what has been already established or published on a particular research topic by accredited scholars and researchers.”
According to Creswell (2005):-
A review of literature “is a written summary of journal articles, books and other documents that describes the past and current state of information , organizes the literature into topics and documents a need for a proposed study.”
Importance of literature review are-
Identification of a research problem and development or refinement of research questions.
Generation of useful research questions or projects for the discipline.
Orientation to what is known and not known about an area of enquiry to ascertain to what research can best contribute to knowledge.
Determination of any gaps or inconsistencies in a body of knowledge.
Discovery of unanswered questions about subjects , concepts or problems.
Determination of a need to replicate a prior study in different study settings or different samples or size or different study populations.
Purposes of literature review:
To explore the area of interests in view of narrowing down the topic.
The purpose of literature review is to convey to the reader previous knowledge and facts established on a topic and their strengths and weakness.
The literature review allows the reader to be updated with the state of research in a field and any contraindications that may exist with challenges findings of other research studies.
4. It also provide the knowledge about the problems faced by the previous reseachers while studying same topic.
The literature review allows the reader to be updated with the state of research in a field and any contraindications that may exist with challenges findings of other research studies.
4. It also provide the knowledge about the problems faced by the previous reseachers while studying same topic.
The literature review allows the reader to be updated with the state of research in a field and any contraindications that may exist with challenges findings of other research studies.
4. It also provide the knowledge about the problems faced by the previous reseachers while studying same topic.
Review of literature# Literature review # definition of review of literature# importance of literature review# purposes of literature review#
This presentation is useful for all who are preparing their projects in colleges. This presentation helps you in giving proper reference of data source.
The document provides guidelines for writing a literature review, including introducing the topic, identifying the problem area, discussing importance, selecting relevant research, and organizing the review. It discusses organizing the review by topic, chronology, problem-solution, or general to specific approach. The review should summarize previous work, argue why the research question is important, and pose a formal question linked to the literature. Sources must be cited and listed in references. Common errors include lack of organization, focus, or relation to the study.
This document provides an overview and summary of the Web of Science database. It discusses that Web of Science is a platform consisting of literature search databases designed to support scientific research. It was envisioned by Eugene Garfield in the 1960s to connect scientists and scholars globally across disciplines. The document outlines the scope and impact of Web of Science, including that it indexes over 20,000 peer-reviewed journals. It also summarizes the specific databases subscribed to by the AUI Library, including the Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE, and SciELO Citation Index. Finally, it briefly describes some of the analysis and metric tools available through Web of Science, such as citation mapping and InCites journal metrics.
The document discusses grounded theory method and provides details on its key aspects:
- It defines grounded theory as a research method that generates or discovers a theory from data systematically obtained from social research.
- The main building blocks of grounded theory are discussed including coding, categories, concepts, theoretical sampling, constant comparison and memo writing.
- Strengths are that it effectively builds new theories and explains new phenomena, while weaknesses include the huge amount of time and data required for analysis.
This presentation help those student who wants to write and publish their research work in any research journal and it also help to student in selection of specific journal for their research paper.
There are some common criteria you should consider when choosing a journal to publish in. Once you have a publication strategy in place, choose journals that meet all of your criteria.
Dr. Sarika Sawant presented on research ethics at a seminar. She discussed the definition of research ethics as regulating scientific activity to protect human participants and serve societal interests. She covered objectives like ensuring consent and oversight. Issues discussed included plagiarism, data handling, and research with humans and animals. National guidelines in India were also presented, as well as UNESCO's ethical guidelines focusing on informed consent, confidentiality, and integrity.
Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that aims to develop theories inductively from data. It begins with data collection and analysis to allow concepts and theories to emerge from the data rather than testing a predetermined hypothesis. Grounded theory was developed in the 1960s by sociologists Glaser and Strauss and has since split into different paradigms including Straussian, Glaserian, and Constructivist approaches. The key aspects of grounded theory include coding data through open, axial, and selective coding to develop categories and concepts into a theoretical framework or model.
The document discusses various citation databases and metrics for evaluating publications and journals. It describes Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar as the major citation databases. It provides details on the coverage, citation data included, and analytical tools available for each database. The document also explains journal citation reports, which allow comparison of journals using citation data. Key metrics for journals are defined, including impact factor, eigenfactor, and article influence score. Quartile comparisons that enable evaluation of journal rankings are also outlined.
The document discusses literature reviews in nursing research. It defines a literature review as a comprehensive description and evaluation of evidence on a given topic. The purposes of a literature review are outlined as attaining knowledge in a field, identifying common methodologies, verifying that proposed research is needed, and generating hypotheses for further study. Sources of literature can include electronic databases, books, journals, and conference papers. The document reviews the general guidelines and steps for conducting a literature review, including understanding the problem and keywords, identifying relevant sources, searching and analyzing the literature, and writing the review. Common errors in literature reviews are also listed.
This document provides guidance on conducting scientific research. It discusses selecting an area and topic for research, developing a research question, conducting a literature review, formulating goals and objectives, and developing a hypothesis.
The key steps outlined are: 1) selecting an area of interest and topic based on relevance, resources, and need; 2) developing a clear, answerable research question that has not been addressed; 3) conducting a thorough literature review to understand previous work and prevent duplication; 4) establishing goals in broad terms and specific, measurable objectives; and 5) translating the research question into a testable hypothesis about the relationship between variables. Following these systematic steps is crucial for rigorous research.
This document provides information about conducting a literature search. It defines what literature is, discusses different types of literature resources including books, journals, reports, and grey literature. It describes primary and secondary sources as well as different formats including print, electronic, online and offline. The document outlines the purpose of literature reviews and discusses searching strategies including using libraries, identifying relevant sources, locating research sources, and summarizing research. It provides tips for online searching including using Boolean operators and search techniques. Finally, it discusses how to search, display, and save results from databases like PubMed and journals.
Advanced literature searching for health sciencese1033930
The document provides guidance on conducting an advanced literature search. It recommends that searches be comprehensive, structured, and auditable. Key steps include identifying concepts, selecting search terms, applying search techniques, selecting databases, refining results, and making a final selection. Databases like CINAHL are suggested. The document provides tips for developing effective search strategies and evaluating search results.
This document provides guidance on conducting and writing a literature review. It discusses the purpose of a literature review in analyzing and critically evaluating previous research on a topic. The document offers tips for finding relevant sources, narrowing a topic, developing a thesis statement, and organizing a literature review. It provides direction on what to include in writing a literature review such as summarizing previous findings, identifying gaps, and making recommendations for further research.
Journal impact measures: the Impact FactorTorres Salinas
The seminar on impact measures will first shed light on the best known and most controversial indicator, namely Garfield’s Journal Impact Factor. Its strengths and weaknesses as well as its correct use will be discussed thoroughly. Moreover the corresponding analytical tool, Clarivate Analytics’s Journal Citation Reports will be demonstrated.
Presented at the european summer school for scientometrics ESSS - July 16th, 2019 - Louvain
This document discusses various aspects of choosing a research topic, including:
- It is important to choose a topic you are interested in that is complex yet compelling. The topic should set the stage for your future research career.
- Generating ideas from course materials, news, the internet, advisors and literature. Attributes of a good topic include being feasible within the given resources and timeframe, and being worthwhile and providing new insights.
- Narrowing a topic by asking questions to refine the focus. Choosing a researchable question that is fact-based, relevant and action-oriented to provide direction for the research process.
The document discusses citation indexing. It defines citation indexing as a process that detects relationships between documents through citations. When one document cites another document, there is a conceptual relationship between the ideas in the two documents. The document outlines the history and development of citation indexing, including the first citation index created by Frank Shephard and important contributions by Eugene Garfield. It describes the major citation indexes produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), now Thomson Reuters, including the Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts and Humanities Citation Index.
This document provides information about indexing databases and citation databases. It defines a database as a collection of organized information that can be easily accessed and updated. Indexing databases are described as optimizing database performance by minimizing disk accesses during queries through the use of indexes. The document outlines different types of indexing, including clustered, non-clustered, and multi-level indexing. It then defines citation databases as collections of referenced academic works that can be used to evaluate publications by counting citations. The benefits of using citation databases over general search engines are discussed.
The document provides an overview of conducting a literature review, including defining what a literature review is, the purpose and importance of reviewing literature, key steps in the literature review process such as selecting topics, searching literature sources, analyzing and synthesizing information, using proper citation and referencing styles, and structuring the literature review. It discusses evaluating the quality, objectivity, and authenticity of sources, as well as addressing issues of plagiarism. Guidelines are provided for writing the literature review, including highlighting emerging issues, citing a variety of relevant sources, and using an active voice.
The h-index is a metric used to characterize both the productivity and impact of a researcher's publications. It is defined as the number of papers (h) that have been cited at least h times each. The h-index takes into account both the number of publications and the number of citations received. Several research databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, will calculate a researcher's h-index.
Importance and purposes of Literature Reviewvaibhavpaul9
Literature review means a “re” view or “look again” at what has already been written about the topic. Literature review compiles various research projects published by recognized scholars and researchers.
This slide includes the introduction about the literature review and definition of literature review and what are the importance and purposes of literature review , is presented here in very concise way, it includes some pictures that will help you for easily understand the topic and it is more interesting.
definition According to University of Toronto(2001):-
“A literature review is an account of what has been already established or published on a particular research topic by accredited scholars and researchers.”
According to Creswell (2005):-
A review of literature “is a written summary of journal articles, books and other documents that describes the past and current state of information , organizes the literature into topics and documents a need for a proposed study.”
Importance of literature review are-
Identification of a research problem and development or refinement of research questions.
Generation of useful research questions or projects for the discipline.
Orientation to what is known and not known about an area of enquiry to ascertain to what research can best contribute to knowledge.
Determination of any gaps or inconsistencies in a body of knowledge.
Discovery of unanswered questions about subjects , concepts or problems.
Determination of a need to replicate a prior study in different study settings or different samples or size or different study populations.
Purposes of literature review:
To explore the area of interests in view of narrowing down the topic.
The purpose of literature review is to convey to the reader previous knowledge and facts established on a topic and their strengths and weakness.
The literature review allows the reader to be updated with the state of research in a field and any contraindications that may exist with challenges findings of other research studies.
4. It also provide the knowledge about the problems faced by the previous reseachers while studying same topic.
The literature review allows the reader to be updated with the state of research in a field and any contraindications that may exist with challenges findings of other research studies.
4. It also provide the knowledge about the problems faced by the previous reseachers while studying same topic.
The literature review allows the reader to be updated with the state of research in a field and any contraindications that may exist with challenges findings of other research studies.
4. It also provide the knowledge about the problems faced by the previous reseachers while studying same topic.
Review of literature# Literature review # definition of review of literature# importance of literature review# purposes of literature review#
This presentation is useful for all who are preparing their projects in colleges. This presentation helps you in giving proper reference of data source.
The document provides guidelines for writing a literature review, including introducing the topic, identifying the problem area, discussing importance, selecting relevant research, and organizing the review. It discusses organizing the review by topic, chronology, problem-solution, or general to specific approach. The review should summarize previous work, argue why the research question is important, and pose a formal question linked to the literature. Sources must be cited and listed in references. Common errors include lack of organization, focus, or relation to the study.
This document provides an overview and summary of the Web of Science database. It discusses that Web of Science is a platform consisting of literature search databases designed to support scientific research. It was envisioned by Eugene Garfield in the 1960s to connect scientists and scholars globally across disciplines. The document outlines the scope and impact of Web of Science, including that it indexes over 20,000 peer-reviewed journals. It also summarizes the specific databases subscribed to by the AUI Library, including the Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE, and SciELO Citation Index. Finally, it briefly describes some of the analysis and metric tools available through Web of Science, such as citation mapping and InCites journal metrics.
The document discusses grounded theory method and provides details on its key aspects:
- It defines grounded theory as a research method that generates or discovers a theory from data systematically obtained from social research.
- The main building blocks of grounded theory are discussed including coding, categories, concepts, theoretical sampling, constant comparison and memo writing.
- Strengths are that it effectively builds new theories and explains new phenomena, while weaknesses include the huge amount of time and data required for analysis.
This presentation help those student who wants to write and publish their research work in any research journal and it also help to student in selection of specific journal for their research paper.
There are some common criteria you should consider when choosing a journal to publish in. Once you have a publication strategy in place, choose journals that meet all of your criteria.
Dr. Sarika Sawant presented on research ethics at a seminar. She discussed the definition of research ethics as regulating scientific activity to protect human participants and serve societal interests. She covered objectives like ensuring consent and oversight. Issues discussed included plagiarism, data handling, and research with humans and animals. National guidelines in India were also presented, as well as UNESCO's ethical guidelines focusing on informed consent, confidentiality, and integrity.
Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that aims to develop theories inductively from data. It begins with data collection and analysis to allow concepts and theories to emerge from the data rather than testing a predetermined hypothesis. Grounded theory was developed in the 1960s by sociologists Glaser and Strauss and has since split into different paradigms including Straussian, Glaserian, and Constructivist approaches. The key aspects of grounded theory include coding data through open, axial, and selective coding to develop categories and concepts into a theoretical framework or model.
The document discusses various citation databases and metrics for evaluating publications and journals. It describes Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar as the major citation databases. It provides details on the coverage, citation data included, and analytical tools available for each database. The document also explains journal citation reports, which allow comparison of journals using citation data. Key metrics for journals are defined, including impact factor, eigenfactor, and article influence score. Quartile comparisons that enable evaluation of journal rankings are also outlined.
The document discusses literature reviews in nursing research. It defines a literature review as a comprehensive description and evaluation of evidence on a given topic. The purposes of a literature review are outlined as attaining knowledge in a field, identifying common methodologies, verifying that proposed research is needed, and generating hypotheses for further study. Sources of literature can include electronic databases, books, journals, and conference papers. The document reviews the general guidelines and steps for conducting a literature review, including understanding the problem and keywords, identifying relevant sources, searching and analyzing the literature, and writing the review. Common errors in literature reviews are also listed.
This document provides guidance on conducting scientific research. It discusses selecting an area and topic for research, developing a research question, conducting a literature review, formulating goals and objectives, and developing a hypothesis.
The key steps outlined are: 1) selecting an area of interest and topic based on relevance, resources, and need; 2) developing a clear, answerable research question that has not been addressed; 3) conducting a thorough literature review to understand previous work and prevent duplication; 4) establishing goals in broad terms and specific, measurable objectives; and 5) translating the research question into a testable hypothesis about the relationship between variables. Following these systematic steps is crucial for rigorous research.
The document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature review. It defines a literature review as a written overview of major writings on a selected topic, including scholarly articles, books, reports, and websites. The purpose is to understand what others have researched on the topic, identify inconsistencies and gaps, and justify further research. The literature review should include an objective, topic overview, categorization of sources, discussion of source similarities and differences, and identify relationships between works. Sources should be evaluated based on author expertise, evidence supporting arguments, consideration of opposing viewpoints, and contribution to understanding the topic.
Review of literature final research methodologyMittalGandhi
The document provides an overview of conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as an analysis and description of previous work done on a particular topic. The purpose is to convey existing knowledge and ideas and avoid duplicating past research. Different types of literature reviews are described, including narrative, critical, scoping, and systematic reviews. Guidelines are provided for writing a literature review, such as being comprehensive, unbiased, and including accurate citations and references.
This document provides information on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic that provides an overview of current knowledge and identifies relevant theories, methods, and gaps. The document outlines the importance of literature reviews in identifying research problems and prior findings. It also discusses the primary sources of information like original research reports and secondary sources like textbooks. Finally, it lists the main steps in conducting a literature review, including creating an annotated bibliography, organizing sources thematically, writing individual sections, and integrating the sections.
The document provides an overview of what constitutes a literature review and guidance on how to conduct one. It defines different types of literature reviews such as systematic, historical, integrative, and argumentative reviews. Key aspects that are discussed include searching for and evaluating primary and secondary sources; identifying major ideas, debates and gaps in existing research; and avoiding common pitfalls like failing to critically analyze sources or relate them to the research problem. Stages of conducting a literature review involving problem formulation, searching literature, data evaluation, and analysis/interpretation are also outlined.
The document discusses what constitutes a literature review and provides guidance on how to conduct one. It begins by defining a literature review and explaining that it must be guided by a research objective or problem. It then discusses common problems in literature reviews, such as excluding seminal works or adopting a narrow perspective. The document also outlines the purposes of a literature review and different types. Finally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the literature review process, including searching, reading, evaluating, summarizing sources, and writing the review.
Learning Outcome:
After completion of this lesson students will -
a) be able to define literature review
b) identify the purposes behind carrying out literature review
c) be able to review literature for their own researching activity
University of Brighton: What is a Literature Review? (BA (Hons) Broadcast M...Lance Dann
Short lecture introducing the Literature Review, including information on why students should carry out a review and the best way to start a review project.
The document summarizes the key aspects of conducting a literature review for a research project. It defines a literature review as a critical evaluation and synthesis of previous research on a topic that establishes the theoretical framework for a research study. The summary outlines the steps for writing a literature review, including planning the focus and scope, reading sources critically, analyzing patterns in the body of research, and revising to develop a clear argument. The purpose of a literature review is to provide context for the research, identify gaps, and ensure the research adds new knowledge to the field.
It will give detail idea about thesis/project. You will be benefited and well known for, which is suitable for you. It may give you opportunity to be skilled about completing your project/thesis.
Instructor:
• Dr. Md. Abdullah Al Humayun
Associate Professor, Eastern University
• Mr. Muhammad Mahfuz Hasan
Assistant Professor, Eastern University
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as an evaluation and synthesis of previous research on a topic. The document outlines the main purposes of a literature review as conveying existing knowledge on a topic and identifying areas needing further research. It also discusses best practices for searching literature sources, organizing reviews thematically, and writing introductions, bodies, and conclusions for literature reviews. Key recommendations include being concise, selective, and focusing on evaluating evidence from sources.
This document provides an overview of literature reviews, including their definition, importance, purpose, types, sources, and steps. A literature review aims to critically evaluate previous research on a topic. It is important as it helps identify gaps and orient the reader. The main purposes are to focus on past research, show how a new study fills gaps, and set boundaries. Types include traditional narratives, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. Sources are primary, secondary, and tertiary. The steps are to identify key terms, locate literature, evaluate and select sources, organize findings, and write the review. Elements to address in the review are an introduction, body, and conclusion.
This document provides an overview of the literature review process. It discusses what a literature review is, including that it involves published information on a topic within a certain time period and combines both summary and synthesis. The key steps of the literature review process are searching for relevant literature, sorting and prioritizing sources, analytical and evaluative reading of sources, comparing across studies, organizing the content, and writing the review. The document also provides guidance on assessing source quality, developing a focused topic and argument, surveying and critiquing the literature, and addressing gaps in existing research.
The document provides guidance on what constitutes a literature review and how to conduct one. It defines a literature review as an evaluation and synthesis of previous scholarly work on a topic. It emphasizes that a literature review is not just a summary of sources but should critically analyze and integrate them to avoid bias. It outlines key purposes such as identifying gaps and avoiding duplicating past work. The document provides questions researchers should ask themselves to properly scope their review and critically evaluate sources. It stresses the literature review should be organized around the research question and identify areas of agreement, controversy and need for further work.
Introduction to Systematic Literature Review.pptxiabdelaziz
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as a paper that summarizes and discusses previous research on a topic, exploring strengths and weaknesses. The document outlines why literature reviews are important for avoiding duplicating work and identifying gaps. It discusses stages of conducting a review including formulating a problem, searching literature, evaluating sources, analyzing information, and constructing the review. Tips are provided on assessing sources, taking notes, managing references, analyzing findings, and structuring the written review.
Review of literature is one of the most important steps in the research process.
Literature review helps the researcher to get used to the related material on the study
Gives an overview of the field of inquiry on what has been already said about the topic.
Literature reviews also provide a solid background for a research paper’s investigation.
It also provide the knowledge about the problems faced by the previous researchers’ while studying same topic
This document provides guidance on reviewing literature for a research project. It discusses that a literature review is important to understand what has already been done on the topic and the key issues. A comprehensive literature review allows the researcher to become an expert in their field and identify the current frontier of research. The literature review process involves identifying relevant sources, analyzing and synthesizing the information, and then writing the review. The review should focus the study, identify key variables, and link the findings to previous work.
Unit 6. Literature Review & Synthesis.pptxshakirRahman10
Literature Review:
Objectives:
Define literature review and related terms
Identify theoretical and empirical literature and their resources
Locate search engines and literature data bases like Cochrane, CINHAL, PubMed etc
Utilize data bases by retrieving required data
Identify framework to synthesize and organize the literature, such as traditional hierarchy/level of evidence.
INTRODUCTION:
It is one of the most important steps in research process. It is an account of what is already known about particular phenomenon.
The main purpose is to convey to the readers about the work already done and knowledge and ideas that have been already established on a particular topic of research.
DEFINITION:
It is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of knowledge on a particular topic of research.
It is an account of what has been already established or published on a particular research topic by accredited scholars and researchers.
IMPORTANCE:
Identification of research problem and refinement of research questions
Generation of useful research questions or projects
Orientation of what is known and not known about an area of inquiry
Determine any gaps in the body of knowledge
Discovery of unanswered questions about subjects, concepts or problems.
Identification of relevant conceptual framework
Identification of development of new or redefined clinical intervention
Development of hypothesis to be tested in research instruments
Helps in planning the methodology of present study.
PURPOSES:
Describe the relationship of each study to other research study under consideration.
Identify new ways to interpret on any gaps in previous research
Resolve conflicts amongst seemingly contradictions previous studies
Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication of effort.
See what has and has not been investigated
Identify potential relationships between concepts and identify researchable hypothesis
Develop alternative research projects
Learn how others have defined and measured key concepts.
SOURCES:
Primary Sources:
Literature review mostly relies on primary source (i.e) research reports, which are description of studies written by researchers who conducted them. Primary source is written by a person who developed the theory or conducted the research or is the description of an investigation written by the person who conducted it.
Secondary Sources:
Secondary source research documents or description of studies prepared by someone other than the original research.
Main sources:
Electronic database
Books
Journals
Conference Papers
Theses
Encyclopedia and Dictionary
Research Reports
Magazines and Newspaper.
Databases:
CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature)
MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieved System Online)
PUBMED
Medline Plus
Education Resource Information Center
British Nursing Index
Web of Science
Science Direct
Google Scholar.
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2. What is RESEARCH ?????
• Re ---------------- Search
• Re means (once more, afresh, anew) OR (back; with
return to a previous state)
• Search means (look thorough or go over thoroughly to look
for something) OR (examine to find anything concealed)
Research is an Scientific and SYSTEMATIC way of FINDING ANSWERS to QUESTIONS
3. Scientific research must follow a step by step
approach
• Research is known to be a
systematic study that follows
– a definite set of procedures and steps.
• It is crucial to follow
– definite set of steps when conducting
one’s research
4. Three stages at which a review of the
literature is needed
Plan
Research
Write
1. An early review
2. Review during the
period of your
research.
3. Review at the stage
of preparing your final
report
Introduction
Method
Result
Discussion
ROLi
5. A process as well as an outcome!
• A literature review is a process as well as an outcome!
• Literature review as a process: critical analysis of relevant
research on your topic.
• It is a crucial and formative stage of your thesis journey.
• Literature review as an outcome: appears in the final draft of
your thesis
• as part of your introduction or as a separate chapter.
The literature review begin before a research problem is finalized and continues until the report in finished.
7. Unlike other animals that must start a new with each generation,
– Man builds upon the accumulated and recorded knowledge of the past.
• Man is the only animal that can take advantage of knowledge
– which has been preserved or accumulated through the centuries.
– Practically all human knowledge can be found in books and libraries
• His constant adding to the vast store knowledge
– makes possible progress in all areas of human endeavour.
• Human knowledge has three phases: preservation, transmission and advancement.
According to W.R. Borg
8. Literature
Definition - Literature (research)
“... a collection of all scholarly writing on a topic”.
These writing can be in the form of scholarly
Peer reviewed articles
Conference proceedings
Dissertations
Books,
And other sources alike
Preferably the literature which has been through a peer review process
9. A primary source is
a firsthand report of
research results
written by the
individual( s) who
actually conducted
the research
A secondary
source is a
description or
summary of
another person’s
work written by
someone who did
not participate in
the research
Compendia of
research
findings from
primary or
secondary
sources e.g.
textbook or
reference
volumes
These different categories represent the flow of information from the original sources.
Information generally flows from primary to secondary to tertiary sources.
Flow of
information
Flow of
information
The literature sources can be broadly categorized into three, viz., primary
(published and unpublished), secondary and tertiary.
10. The literature sources
• Primary – original research
Experimental (an intervention is
made or variables are
manipulated)
• Randomized Controlled Trials
• Controlled trials
Observational (no intervention or
variables are manipulated)
• Cohort studies
• Case-control studies
• Case reports
• Secondary – reviews of original
research
Meta-analysis
Systematic reviews
Practice guidelines
Reviews
Decision analysis
Consensus reports
Editorial, commentary
A secondary source can provide different ways of looking at an issue
or problem
But Secondary sources should not be overused
11. Literature search should be
started with:
A. Primary data
B. Secondary data
C. Tertiary data
D. Some other data
Best way: Start with Secondary sources and
then choose a few primary sources for
more details and a more specific research
question.
Easy way: Start with a primary article to
easily come up with a tentative research
question and then search the literature to
come up with specific questions.
12. What is Review?
Bloom’s Taxomony: Cognitive Domain (1956) as revised by Anderson & Krathwohl (2001)
13. Critical appraisal and synthesis of information
A. Summarize
C. Synthesize
[means to combine separate elements from several
sources on the same question/research topic to form a
whole and connect different authors]
B. Analysis and Evaluation
[means to assess the state of existing knowledge on a topic
by comparing and contrasting studies and by doing critical
appraisal of their strength and weaknesses ]
Compose the writing:
Present A, B, C then relate to your current study
(appropriate referencing)
14. 5C of literature review
Critique
Compare
Contrast
Combine
Connect
5C
15. Avoid Plagiarism
• DO NOT copy and paste ANYTHING!
• If you are using anyone else’s ideas,
– they need to be in your words or in quotation
– author must ALWAYS get cited in your
reference
• ALWAYS CITE source
16. Promotes Critical Thinking…
Move from Description to Analysis!
Description – reproducing information
• Summarising texts - accepting details, results etc.
Analysis – deconstructing information to:
• Challenge assumptions; perspectives
• Show limitations in studies, exceptions to cases
• Highlight under-examined aspects of research
Literature Review….
Your literature review, when completed
should provide you with a clear picture of
what you will do and how you will do it
18. A literature review is not an annotated bibliography in which you
summarize briefly each article that you have reviewed
Annotated bibliography
=
precursor to a
literature review
Literature
review
=
foundation for
one’s research
A summary of the what you have read is
contained within the Annotated
Bibliography,
Literature review goes well beyond
merely summarizing literature.
Critical analysis and evaluation of
specific topic of interest
A synthesis of the relationship
among different works
19. The Literature Review…
IS NOT
• A summary of existing
literature
• An annotated
bibliography
• A list of seemingly
unrelated sources
• An argument about the
importance of your
research
• Simply a description of
what others have
published
IS
• An analysis of the state of existing
knowledge on a topic by comparing
studies
• An evaluation of the strength and
weaknesses of previous research
• Synthesis of the relationship among
different works
• A synthesis of studies on any given
topic
• A critical analysis of a specific topic
of interest
21. Standing on the shoulders of giants
• Review of literature is
– like standing on the
shoulder of the giants
(previous scholars).
• It is not only to see
what they have done,
– but it is to visualize
beyond their visions
22. New research grows out of old
According to W.R. Borg
“The literature of any field forms the
foundation upon which all future will be
built.”
• If we fail to build the foundation of
knowledge provided by the review of
literature our work is likely to be shallow
and naïve and
• We will often duplicate the work that
has already been done better by
someone else”
We can learn from and build on what others have done
Your study should be a logical extension of past
research
Each research study
is part of an existing
body of knowledge
23. Find research gap from
previous research or
• certain areas that have not
been studied fully
You need to find out
• what is missing from the
previous studies
• to explain what your study
intends to do to fill the gap
Purpose of Literature Review
24. Research is like building a skyscraper
You have to establish yourself on something existing.
• Establish what is already known about a particular topic and
• Prevents oneself from reproducing what is already known
• Exposes gaps in the literature and helps you position your research
• Point the way in fulfilling a need for additional research
• Locate your own research within the context of existing literature
• Help to identify new areas where research is needed
There is no point of reinventing the wheel!
26. 1. Develop
the research
question
2. Identify
the Keywords
3. Identify
the relevant
literature
source
4. Search the
literature
5. Analysing
and
synthesizing
the literature
6. Write the
literature
review
Literature Review
Process
27. 1. DEVELOPING YOUR RESEARCH QUESTION
• In order to begin your literature review, you must first
define your research question
• Creating a structured research question: PICO(S)
• Populations
• Interventions (or exposure)
• Comparators
• Outcomes
• Study design
28. 2. Identifying the key research terms
(Keywords)
• The keyword is the basic unit of any search
• Compiling a list of keywords
• Think about both general terms and very specific terms for broadening and
narrowing your search
• The use of index and/or thesaurus is also advisable to establish the
useful terms
29. 3. Identifying the relevant sources
Traditional paper sources
(searched manually)
Electronic sources:
Searched using computer
30. 4. Search the literature
• Library
– Books, journals,
conference souvenir
and conference
proceedings
• Electronic Resources
– Journals : The Lancet, BMJ,
Indian Pediatrics etc.
– Databases : PubMed, Embase,
Science direct etc.
A database is an organized collection of data.
32. • Google Scholar
http://scholar.google.com/
• NLM Medline
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/medline.html
• PubMed
http://pubmed.gov/
• PubMed Central
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
• The Cochrane Library
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/
• ScienceDirect
https://www.sciencedirect.com/
• IndMed
http://indmed.nic.in/
• Embase
https://www.elsevier.com/solutions/embase-biomedical-
research
Access to Biomedical Database
33. Google-Scholar
Many articles look out-
of-place compared to
my intented meaning
However, some of
them do look what I
actually meant
What else I see ?
Related articles
Cited by
34. What is MEDLINE?
• MEDLINE is the bibliographic database produced by the
National Library of Medicine (USA)
• It contains over 24 million references to journal articles
• Gathered from 4,600 biomedical journals published in the United States and
in 70 other countries
• Dating back to 1950, with daily updates
• Electronic version of Index Medicus, Index to Dental Literature, and the
International Nursing Index.
37. Why we choose PubMed?
• Freely available on the web
• URL easy to remember
• Quick and easy to search
• For very recent articles
• Clinical Queries
– Search by Clinical Study Category
• Links to publisher’s sites for full-text journals
– Or, can order full-text journal articles
38. PubMed – Additional Tools
• Boolean Statements
– AND, OR, NOT
• MeSH
– Stands for Medical Subject Headings
– “controlled vocabulary list” of PubMed with more
than 25,000 subject headings.
– Used for indexing biomedical literature
– 10-15 MeSH are assigned to each article
in PubMed
39. BOOLEAN OPERATORS
• AND (narrows the search by retrieving only records
containing both keywords used in the search statement)
• OR (broadens your search by retrieving either one or
more of the keywords used in the search statement)
• NOT (excludes records containing the second keyword
in your search statement)
40. PERFORMING THE SEARCH – SEARCH TERMS
AND Diabetes AND hypertension
OR Diabetes OR hypertension
NOT Diabetes NOT hypertension
41. Review Of Literature
Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
• Not only racking up points
by listing as many articles
as possible
• Recognize relevant
information, and
synthesize and evaluate it
• Your reader not only
wants to know what
literature exists, but also
your informed evaluation
of the literature.
5. Analysing and synthesizing the literature
42. 6. Writing the literature review
“Bad research but good writing may still convince readers;
Good research but bad writing will never convince readers”
Unknown author
Critical Reading = Critical Writing
43. The narrative of a good literature review
General-to-Specific Order—(Also called the Funnel approach)
Reader
knows
Reader
doesn't
know
Introduce the
field: broad
focus
End with gap
analysis
Hypothesis
Focus on specific
studies related to
the topic
44. Gives a quick idea
of the topic of the
literature review,
such as the central
theme
Contains your
discussion of
sources
Conclude what you
have drawn from
reviewing literature
45. 5 minute Post test
Read the following statements and identify if they are true (T) or false (F).
1. T / F A literature review do not prevents duplication of work
2. T / F A literature review should always identify a need for
further research.
3. T / F The order of literature review should be general to specific.
4. T / F A research question is important to guide research for a
literature review.
5. T / F The keyword is the basic unit of any search.
6. T / F Literature review do not promotes critical thinking.