1. World War II
1939 – 1945
Chapter 31 section 4
Chapter 32

2. World War II
CAUSES
 German Aggression in Europe
 Unstable Governments
 Rise of Fascism
 Failure of League of Nations
 Appeasement

3. World War II
 German Aggression
 Hitler Defies Versailles
Treaty
 1935 Hitler announce
Germany would follow the
conditions set by the treaty
 Germany began to rebuild
its military
 League of Nations issued a
mild condemnation
 League could not stop
German rearming

4. Nazi Party Principles
 Unification of Greater Germany (Austria + Germany)
 Land + expansion
 Anti-Versailles - abrogation of the Treaty.
 Land and territory - lebensraum.
 Only a "member of the race" can be a citizen.
 Anti-semitism - No Jew can be a member of the race.
 Anti-foreigner - only citizens can live in Germany.
 No immigration - ref. to Jews fleeing pograms.
 Everyone must work.
 Abolition of unearned income - "no rent-slavery".
 Nationalisation of industry
 Division of profits
 Extension of old age welfare.
 Land reform
 Death to all criminals
 German law, not Roman law (anti- French Rev.)
 Education to teach "the German Way"
 Education of gifted children
 Protection of mother and child by outlawing child labor.
 Encouraging gymnastics and swimming
 Formation a national army.
 Duty of the state to provide for its volk. (people)
 Duty of individuals to the state

5. Appeasement Policy

6. World War II
 Forbidden Land
 Although forbidden by the Treaty
of Versailles Hitler moved troops
into the Rhineland
 French did not want war
 British urged appeasement –
giving in to the aggressor to keep
peace
 France and Britain looked weak in
Hitler’s eyes which served to
encourage further aggression!

7. World War II
 Axis Powers
 Mussolini, Italian fascist leader sought
an alliance with Germany.
 Japan shortly joined Italy and Germany

8. World War II
 United States
 Adopted a policy of isolationism
 (political ties with other nations should be avoided)
 Neutrality Acts
 Passedby Congress
 Banned loans or selling of arms to nations at war

9. World War II
Third Reich – German Empire
Hitler planned to annex Austria &
Czechoslovakia
Treaty of Versailles forbade an alliance
between Germany & Austria-Hungary
1938 – Hitler’s army took control of
Austria

10. World War II
 Third Reich
 Czechoslovakia was a democracy
 Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) was on the
border of Germany
 A German speaking area
Hitler demanded control of
of the Sudetenland
Many of the region welcomed
the Germans.

11. World War II
Munich Conference
France & Gr. Britain met and decided
that Hitler could take Sudetenland for
the promise to respect the borders of
Czechoslovakia
Six months later
Hitler took control
of Czechoslovakia.

12. World War II
German – Russian Non Aggression Pact
 Britain & France sought Russia’s help
 Negotiations were slow
 Hitler signed an
agreement with Russia
but secretly they agreed
to divide Poland.

13. Germany and Russia will take Poland!

14. World War II
 Germany Attacks Poland
 Surprise attack
 German planes attacked from the air
 Tanks attacked on land
 Troops on the ground
“BLITZKRIEG”
“lightening war”
Considered the
beginning of WW II

15. World War II
 France declared war
on Germany
 Britain declared war
on Germany

16. World War II
 Russia Took Eastern Poland
 Soviet troops took E. Poland
 Also Latvia, Lithuania, & Estonia
 Finland resisted, but were later taken by
the Soviets.

17. World War II
 Phony War
France & Gr. Britain stationed troops
along the French/ German border in a
defensive position, believing Germany
would attack.
They remained there for months with no
military action taken – “sitzkrieg”
Ended when Hitler launched a surprise
attack on Denmark & Norway.

18. World War II
BATTLE FOR FRANCE AND BRITAIN
 Germany took Holland, Belgium, & Luxembourg
 Then to France
 Allies were backed up to Dunkirk
a port city on the English Channel
 Britain to the rescue!
 Sent 850 ships along with yachts,
lifeboats, motorboats, fishing
boats to save the Allied troops.

19. World War II
Fall of France
Italy joined Germany in war against France
- attacked from the south
- Germany took Paris
- French leader exiled to London setting up a
government in exile.
- Established Free French Forces that fought
the Nazi until French liberation in 1944.

20. World War II
Germany Assaults Great Britain
Great Britain stood ALONE against Germany
Winston Churchill, Prime Minister declared
that Britain would NEVER give in to Germany.
surely from this period of ten months this is the lesson: never give in,
never give in, never, never, never, never-in nothing, great or small, large
or petty - never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense.
Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of
the enemy. We stood all alone a year ago, and to many countries it
seemed that our account was closed, we were finished. All this tradition
of ours, our songs, our School history, this part of the history of this
country, were gone and finished and liquidated.

21. World War II
 Operation Sea Lion
- Luftwaffe – (German Air
Force) bombed Great
Britain.
- Focused on the
bombing of London.

22. World War II
Britain’s Secret
Weapons
Radar – detected number,
speed & direction of
incoming planes
Enigma – German code
machine in the hands of
Britain became a code
breaking machine.
Germany called off attacks
on Britain in May 1941.
The Germans were stopped
by the Allies!

23. World War II
 Eastern Front
Because of the success of Britain, Hitler changed
his European strategy.
- North Africa – Italy had already tried to seize
control of British controlled Egypt.
- The British fought back driving the Italians
back
-Hitler stepped in to help save Italy

24. World War II
German commander Rommel (Desert Fox)
was sent to help the Italians defeat the
British in Africa.
Hitler attacked the Balkans in order to build
military bases in the region. Yugoslavia fell
in 11 days and Greece fell in 17.

25. World War II
Germany Invades the Soviet Union
 Operation Barbarossa
 Surprise to Russia - blitzkrieg
 Germany moved 500 miles inland
 Retreating Russians used scorched earth

26. World War II
By December, Germany Retreated
 summer uniforms
 fuel and oil froze
 weapons became useless

27. World War II
 U. S. Aids Allies
 Lend-Lease Act
 Lend or lease arms and other
supplies to any nation vital to
the United States
 Churchill and Roosevelt met
secretly on a battleship to
sign the Atlantic Charter
upholding free trade and self
determination.

28. United States Enters WW II
 Dec. 7, 1941 Japan
Attacked Pearl Harbor
 America Declared War
On Japan
Dec. 8, 1941
http://www.usconstitution.com/FD
RInfamySpeech.htm

30. World War II
Japan
After Pearl Harbor Japan took and or
attacked
Guam
Wake Island
Philippines
Hong Kong

32. World War II
Allies Strikes Back
Allied forces led by led by
Lt. Col. Doolittle.
- bombed major Japanese
cities
- not much physical
damage but the Japanese
understood they were
subject to attack
-raised American morale

33. World War II
Pacific Battles
Coral Sea – Japan & the Allies used
aircraft carriers for the first time. The Allies
lost more ships but stop Japanese
southward expansion.
Battle of Midway – Japanese target
because of American military bases located
there. Pacific Allied commander Nimitz was
outnumbered by Japanese naval forced 4 to
1. Japanese ships were attacked
destroying 322 Japanese planes.
The Allies won the victory.

34. World War II
Additional Allied Victories
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
 Commander of Allied forces in the
Pacific
 Proposed “island hopping” past
Japanese strong points
 Seize islands not well defended
 Cut supply lines

35. The Holocaust
 Germany Targeted Jews,
homosexuals, gypsies and
others
 Idea of the Master Race
 Gov’t Policy of Persecution
(Kristallnacht)
 Emigration
 The Final Solution

37. World War II

38. World War II
DEATHS Jews Killed % Survived
Poland 3,300,000 10
Soviet Union 2,850,000 56
Hungary 650,000 30
Romania 600,000 50
Germany/Austria 240,000 10

39. Allied Victories
 Force A Two Front War
 Allied Victory in North Africa
 Fighting in N. Africa since 1941
 Germans dug in near Alexandra
 All out British assault defeated the
Germans
 Allies launched Operation Torch in Algeria
and Morocco – defeated Germans in 1943

40. World War II
 Allies Defeated Germany at Stalingrad
 Luftwaffe bombed the city nightly
 Stalin ordered the defense of the city
 Germans controlled 90% of the city
 Russians trapped the
Germans inside the
city where they cut
off supplies. Germans
surrendered.

41. World War II
 Allies Invaded and Defeated
Italy
 1943 Allies invaded Sicily
 Mussolini fell
 Disguised himself as a German
soldier
 Next day Mussolini was shot
 Mussolini’s body was displayed in
Milan

42. World War II
D-Day Invasion of France
* Largest military invasion in history
* 3.5 Million Allied troops – Operation Overlord
*Dummy army set up at Calais
*Germans protected by concrete walls
*Thousands of casualties
*Allies held the beach
*A million additional troops

43. World War II
Battle of the Bulge
Soviets from the east
Allies from the west
Germans broke through western
defenses creating a bulge in the
defensive line
Allies pushed back the Germans
and defeated them
Soon afterward Hitler committed
suicide and Germany surrendered.

44. World War II
Bombing of Nagasaki & Hiroshima
After the loss of many Allied lives
in battle with Japan, the decision
was made to bomb Japan rather
than suffer the loss of perhaps
another ½ to a million soldiers
8/6/45 - The first Atomic Bomb was
dropped on Hiroshima with the loss
of 73,000 lives – Japan did not surrender
8/9/1945 – The second bomb was
dropped on Nagasaki.
Japan officially surrendered September 2, 1945

45. Hiroshima 3 Days Before
“Little Boy”

46. Hiroshima After:
August 6, 1945

47. Nagasaki Before “Fat Man”

48. Japan Surrenders: Sept. 2, 1945
Shigemitsu signs the conditions of surrender
aboard the USS Missouri

49. Post War Europe
 Huge Loss of Life and Property
 Agriculture and Infrastructure Destroyed
 Unstable Post War Governments
 Nuremberg Trials
 International Military Tribunal to try German war
crimes
 Occupation and Demilitarization of Japan
 Japan was ordered to take down military forces, leaving only
enough to defend the nation
 A constitution was written
 U. S. helped with the rebuilding of the Japanese economy