Some research tools and discussed the qualitative data in social science

2. INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
RAIPUR (C.G.)
Submitted To:
• Dr. Ajay kumar Gauraha HOD
Dept. of MBA(ABM)
• Mr. Sanjay Kumar Joshi Asst. Prof.
Dept. of MBA(ABM)
Seminar
On
Newer research tools
for qualitative data in
Social Science
ABM-591
Submitted By:
Sarita Ghidode
MBA(ABM) 1st yr. 2nd Sem.
CoA, (Raipur)

3. Content
• Introduction of Social Science
• Definition of Social Science Research
• Relevance of Social Science Research
• Objectives of Social Science Research
• What is Qualitative Data
• Research tools used in Qualitative Data
• Why is Qualitative research in important
• Problems with Qualitative studies include
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Data
• Conclusion
• References

4. Social Science
• Sciences are divided into Natural Science and Social Science
• Social sciences include various disciplines dealing with human
life, human behaviour, social groups and social institutions
• Include Behaviour Science, Commerce, Economics, Education,
Law, History, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology,
Social Work etc.
• Social science is not like the pure sciences like physics,
chemistry and biology
• Human behaviour is very complex
• It is difficult to predict the human behaviour in different
situations

5. Social Science research
• Systematic method of exploring,
analysing and conceptualising
human life to extent and
correct or verify knowledge
of human behaviour and
social life.

6. Relevance of Social Science research
• Discovery of facts and their interpretation
• Diagnosis of problems and their analysis
• Systematisation of knowledge
• Control over social phenomenon
• Prediction
• Development planning
• Social welfare
Objectives of social science Research…
• Understand the human behaviour and its interaction with the
environment and the social institutions
• Find out the causal connection between human activities and
natural laws
• To develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories

7. What is Qualitative Data?
• Qualitative data deals with characteristics and descriptors that
can’t be easily measured, but can be observed subjectively- such
as smells, tastes, textures, attractiveness, and color.
• Qualitative data is used to understand human behaviour from
informant’s perspective
• Qualitative data is not numeric, it uses descriptions
• Typically, qualitative data is arranged into different variables
o Qualitative variable
 A phenomena that cannot be described meaningfully in terms of
numbers
• Examples of a Qualitative variable:
hair color
Letter grades
Different types of cars in a parking lot

8. Newer Research Tools for Qualitative Data
• Qualitative Data is most used for studies at the individual
level
Research Tools For Qualitative data:
• Interviews
• Observations
• Focus Groups
• Combination Research

9. Interviews:
An interview is a face-t-face
conversation between two
Individuals with the sole
purpose of collecting relevant
information to satisfy a
research purpose.
Interviews are of different types namely:
Structured, Semi-structured and unstructured with each having a
slight variation from the other.
• Structured Interviews- Simply put, it is a verbally administered
questionnaire. In terms of depth, it is surface level and is usually
completed within a short period. For speed and efficiency, it is
highly recommendable, but it lacks depth.

10. • Semi-structured Interviews- In this method, there subsist
several key questions which cover the scope of the areas to be
explored. It allows a little more leeway for the researcher to
explore the subject matter.
• Unstructured Interviews - It is an in-depth interview that
allows the researcher to collect a wide range of information
with a purpose. An advantage of this method is the freedom it
gives a researcher to combine structure with flexibility even
though it is more time-consuming.
 For collecting data through interviews, here are a few tools
you can use to easily collect data.
Audio Recorder
Digital Camera
Camcorder

11. Observations:
Observations are the most
direct method of getting
information about people’s
behaviour. In everyday life we
all frequently observe other
people. There is a range of
methods for systematically
observing other people. These range from participant observation
through to highly structured and targeted observations.
 The best tools for Observation are:
Checklists
Direct observation

12. Focus Groups:
The opposite of quantitative
research which involves
numerical based data, this
data collection method
focuses more on qualitative
research. It falls under the
primary category for data
based on the feelings and opinions of the respondents. This
research involves asking open-ended questions to a group of
individuals usually ranging from 6-10 people, to provide feedback.
 The best tools for tackling Focus Groups are:
To-way
Dueling-Moderator

13. Combination Research:
This method of data collection encompasses the use of innovative
methods to enhance participation to both individuals and groups.
Also under the primary category, it is a combination of Interviews
and Focus Groups while collecting qualitative data. This method is
key when addressing sensitive subjects.
 The best tools for combination research are:
Online Survey
Dual-Moderator
Why is Qualitative Research Important?
• Qualitative data tools at how and why of human decision making.
• It looks at phenomena naturally, and does not manipulate
variables.
• The data is used to develop concepts and theories that help us
understand the social world

14. • The data is used to develop concepts and theories that help us
understand the social world
• Qualitative data can be used in various ways depending on the
discipline.
Problems with qualitative studies include
• More time consuming
• Masses of data to transcribe
• More difficult to code data
• Not applicable to widely dispersed social settings
• Generally only a case study with limited applicability to other
situations
• Usually gives only nominal level data, difficult to quantify
• Difficult to control for researcher bias

15. Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Data
Advantages:
• It helps in depth analysis
• Understand what customers think
• Rich data
Disadvantages:
• Time consuming
• Not easy to generalize
• Dependent on the researcher’s skills

16. CONCLUSION
• Qualitative research focuses on interpretation of phenomena in their
natural settings to make sense in terms of the meanings people
bring to these settings.
• Qualitative research as attempting to understand the unique
interactions in a particular situation.
• On validity, Qualitative research is much more focused on
demonstrating the causes of bias rather than eliminating them.
• There should be a clear and consistent method for coding and
analysing data, and it should be clear how the coding and analytical
strategies were derived.

17. References
• https://www.sltinfo.com/research-tools-used-in-social-science/
• https://slideplayer.com/slide/4712126/
• https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/introduction/124674
• www.questionpro.com/blog/qualitative-data/amp/
• https://www.formpl.us/blog/data-collection-method

18. Thank you