Fourth generation (4G) mobile systems are characterized by high-speed data rates between 20 to 100 Mbps, suitable for high-resolution video and television. Initial deployments were anticipated between 2006-2010. Some potential applications of 4G include virtual navigation, geographic information systems, telemedicine, and voice calls over the internet. Related research topics examined for 4G include orthogonal frequency division multiple access, multicarrier code division multiple access, software defined radio using field programmable gate arrays and digital signal processors, and multiple-input multiple-output antenna configurations.