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‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬
Food Hygiene
‫ﺗﻭﺳﻁ‬:‫ﺳﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺟﻳﻧﻳﺭ‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻳﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣﺩ‬
‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﻧﻳﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺷﺎﻭﺭ‬/‫ﻋﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﮐﻣﻳﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﮑﺭﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻭﺭﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺩ‬ ،‫ﺧﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﭼﻳﺯی‬ ‫ﻳﮏ‬...
‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻫﺭی‬!
2
‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬)foodborne disease(‫ﭼﻳﺳﺕ؟‬
‫ﺁﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍی‬ ‫ﻧﻣﻭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬.
‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻳﻭﻉ‬)foodborne disease
outbreak(‫ﭼﻳﺳﺕ؟‬
‫ﺑﻭﺟﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻧﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﺷﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻳﺷﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬ ‫ﻁﻐﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬.
‫ﻣﻳﮕﺭﺩﺩ؟‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺑﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﮑﺭﻭﺍﻭﺭﮔﺎﻧﻳﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﮐﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﭘﺭﺍﺯﻳﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺎﺭچ‬ ،‫ﻭﻳﺭﻭﺱ‬ ،‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭﻳﻡ‬ 3
•‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻭﻧﺕ‬)Food infection(‫ﭼﻳﺳﺕ؟‬
•‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﺎﻣﻳﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺳﺗﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻭﻧﺗﻬﺎﻳﯽ‬‫ﻳﻡ‬/‫ﻭﻳﺭﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺭﺍﺯﻳﺕ‬‫ﻣﻳﺷﻭﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺟﺎﺩ‬.
•‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻣﻭﻣﻳﺕ‬)food intoxication(‫ﭼﻳﺳﺕ؟‬
•‫ﺁﻟﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﺎﻣﻳﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻭﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻣﻭﻣﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺩﻩ‬.
•‫ﻣﻳﮕﺭﺩﻧﺩ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺿﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﺩﺍﻡ‬
.1‫ﻣﺳﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
.2‫ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺎﻥ‬
.3‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻁﻔﺎﻝ‬
.4‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻳﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻳﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻳﺳﺗﻡ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
4
‫ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎﺕ‬
.1‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﻧﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬2009
•13905‫ﺷﺩﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺽ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺭ‬
•‫ﻣﺭگ‬ ‫ﺳﺑﺏ‬9‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺭ‬)InVS(
.2‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
•11‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﺿﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬)‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺗﻳﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬(
.3‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺭﻳﮑﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
•‫ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﺎ‬48‫ﻣﻳﺷﻭﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺽ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬
•128000‫ﻣﻳﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
•3000‫ﻣﻳﺭﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺭ‬)‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺭﻳﮑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﮐﻧﺗﺭﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻭﮔﻳﺭی‬CDC(
.4‫ﺍﺳﺗﺭﺍﻟﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺭﺍﺽ‬
•1.2‫ﻧﻣﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺍﺟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﮐﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬
•‫ﺑﺭﺍی‬300000‫ﺷﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺟﻭﻳﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﻭﺗﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺭ‬
•2.1‫ﻣﻳﮕﺭﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭی‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬
5
7
‫ﺍﺳﺖ؟‬ ‫ﮐﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺆﻧﻴﺖ‬
FDA USDA FTC
(‫)ﺍﻋﻼﻧﺎﺕ‬
EPA
(‫ﺁﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺿﺩ‬ ‫)ﺍﺩﻭﻳﻪ‬
CDC
(‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫)ﺍﻣﺭﺍﺽ‬
US Customs
( ‫)ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬
DOT
(‫)ﺗﺭﺍﻧﺳﭘﻭﺭﺕ‬
NOAA
( ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﺍی‬ ‫ﻫﺳپ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺅﻧﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﺗﺭﻳﻧﻧﮓ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺭی‬ ‫)ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬
CVM
(‫ﺣﻳﻭﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫)ﺩﻭﺍ‬
AMS
(‫ﻣﺭﻍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺗﺧﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺭﻭﻳﻼﻧﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫)ﻧﻅﺎﺭﺕ‬
CFSAN APHIS
(‫ﺳﺭﺣﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫)ﻗﺭﻧﻁﻳﻥ‬
DOC BATF
(‫)ﺍﻟﮑﻭﻝ‬
FSIS
)‫ﺗﻔﺗﻳﺵ‬(
ERS
( ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺅﻧﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫)ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬
8
9
10
‫ﻫﺳپ‬
HACCP
‫ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻧﺗﺭﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻅ‬
‫ﺗﺭﻣﻳﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓﻅﺕ‬
‫ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺩﻳﺭﻳﺕ‬
‫ﺳﻳﺳﺗﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬
‫ﺯﻫﮑﺷﯽ‬
‫ﻓﺭﺩی‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻅ‬
‫ﺗﺭﻳﻧﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭی‬
‫ﺗﺎﺳﻳﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺯﺍﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﻧﺗﺭﻝ‬
‫ﮐﻧﺗﺭﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻳﺳﺗﻡ‬
‫ﺁﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍی‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﯽ‬
‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭﻳﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺧﺎﻁﺭ‬)‫ﺑﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭﻳﺎ‬(
‫ﭼﻳﺳﺕ؟‬ ‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻳﻧﺩ؟‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﮐﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭﻳﺎ‬
11
‫ﻓﺮﺩی‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬
‫ﮐﺛﻳﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮐﺛﻳﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻭچ‬ ‫ﺣﺭﺍﺣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﮐﺛﻳﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺑﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻳﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﺷﻳﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﮕﺭﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬
12
‫ﭘﺎک‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
14
‫ﻏﺬﺍی‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ‬
15
‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭘﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎی‬
16
‫ﮐﺜﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪی‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﭘﺎک‬ ‫ﻓﺯﻳﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺧﭼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﭘﺧﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻧﺎﭘﺎک‬
، ‫ﮐﺛﻳﻑ‬ ‫ﮐﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻳﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﺍی‬ ‫ﺷﺭﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﮐﻬﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭ‬
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‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎی‬
‫ﮔﺭﻓﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻭی‬ ‫ﮔﻭﺷﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻭﭘﻧﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﻧﻳﺯ‬
‫ﺯﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻭﭘﻧﮏ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻭی‬ ‫ﺑﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻳﺭ‬
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‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮﺙ‬
‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺧﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍی‬ ‫ﻧﻣﻭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﮑﺟﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺑﺯی‬ ‫ﮐﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﺍی‬ ‫ﻳﮕﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﮔﻭﺷﺕ‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻍ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺨﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
20
‫ﻏﺬﺍی‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﭽﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬
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‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍی‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭﻳﺎ‬)22‫ﮔﺭﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬(
‫ﻧﻣﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﺷﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﺳﺩ‬
22
‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍی‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬
23
‫ﺍﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬)‫ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬(
‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﻭی‬ ‫ﺑﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺱ‬ Cockroaches ‫ﻣﻭﺵ‬
24
‫ﭘﺎک‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺜﺎﻓﺖ‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬
25
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺜﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
26
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ؟‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻳﺳﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻫﺭی‬ ‫ﻗﺿﺎﻳﺎی‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺿﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬!
‫ﻣﻳﺗﻭﺍﻧﺩ؟‬ ‫ﮐﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﭼﯽ‬
27
‫ﮐﺜﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬
‫ﭼﺗﻝ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﻫﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭی‬ ‫ﺑﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﮔﺫﺍﺷﺗﻥ‬
28
‫ﮐﺮﺩ؟‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮی‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬
29
‫ﻓﺮﺩی‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺷﻭﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺗﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺷﻧﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺎک‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺑﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺩﺍﺭﻳﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
ٍ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺍﻭﻟﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﮐﻣﮏ‬ ‫ﮐﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﻳﺕ‬
30
‫ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺷﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﮔﺫﺍﺷﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﭘﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬
31
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎک‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬
32
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﮏ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺒﻞ‬
33
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮی‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬
34
‫ﭼﮏ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺷﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﻣﺎﻣﺗﺭ‬
35
‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭی‬
‫ﻳﺦ‬)‫ﻣﻧﻔﯽ‬18
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺭﻳﺩ‬(
‫ﻳﺧﮕﺷﺎﺩﻥ‬
)‫ﻳﺧﭼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻣﻭﻻ‬
‫ﮔﻳﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺻﻭﺭﺕ‬(
‫ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‬22
‫ﭘﺧﺗﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺧﭼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺫﺍﺷﺗﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬
36
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬
37
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺷﻭﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﻧﺗﺭﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺎﺕ‬
38
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻅﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
39
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺸﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺷﻭﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺽ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺩﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻣﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺩﺍ‬!
‫ﺧﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺧﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍی‬!
41
‫ﺗﺸﮑﺮ‬
43

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Food hygiene basics

  • 1. ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ Food Hygiene ‫ﺗﻭﺳﻁ‬:‫ﺳﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺟﻳﻧﻳﺭ‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻳﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﻧﻳﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺷﺎﻭﺭ‬/‫ﻋﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﮐﻣﻳﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﮑﺭﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
  • 2. ‫ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻭﺭﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺩ‬ ،‫ﺧﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﭼﻳﺯی‬ ‫ﻳﮏ‬... ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻫﺭی‬! 2
  • 3. ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬)foodborne disease(‫ﭼﻳﺳﺕ؟‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍی‬ ‫ﻧﻣﻭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬. ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻳﻭﻉ‬)foodborne disease outbreak(‫ﭼﻳﺳﺕ؟‬ ‫ﺑﻭﺟﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻧﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﺷﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻳﺷﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬ ‫ﻁﻐﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬. ‫ﻣﻳﮕﺭﺩﺩ؟‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺑﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﮑﺭﻭﺍﻭﺭﮔﺎﻧﻳﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﮐﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﺭﺍﺯﻳﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺎﺭچ‬ ،‫ﻭﻳﺭﻭﺱ‬ ،‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭﻳﻡ‬ 3
  • 4. •‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻭﻧﺕ‬)Food infection(‫ﭼﻳﺳﺕ؟‬ •‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﺎﻣﻳﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺳﺗﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻭﻧﺗﻬﺎﻳﯽ‬‫ﻳﻡ‬/‫ﻭﻳﺭﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺭﺍﺯﻳﺕ‬‫ﻣﻳﺷﻭﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺟﺎﺩ‬. •‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻣﻭﻣﻳﺕ‬)food intoxication(‫ﭼﻳﺳﺕ؟‬ •‫ﺁﻟﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﺎﻣﻳﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻭﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻣﻭﻣﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺩﻩ‬. •‫ﻣﻳﮕﺭﺩﻧﺩ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺿﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﺩﺍﻡ‬ .1‫ﻣﺳﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ .2‫ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺎﻥ‬ .3‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻁﻔﺎﻝ‬ .4‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻳﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻳﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻳﺳﺗﻡ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ 4
  • 5. ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎﺕ‬ .1‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﻧﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬2009 •13905‫ﺷﺩﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺽ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺭ‬ •‫ﻣﺭگ‬ ‫ﺳﺑﺏ‬9‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺭ‬)InVS( .2‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ •11‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﺿﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬)‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺗﻳﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬( .3‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺭﻳﮑﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ •‫ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﺎ‬48‫ﻣﻳﺷﻭﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺽ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬ •128000‫ﻣﻳﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ •3000‫ﻣﻳﺭﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺭ‬)‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺭﻳﮑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﮐﻧﺗﺭﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻭﮔﻳﺭی‬CDC( .4‫ﺍﺳﺗﺭﺍﻟﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺭﺍﺽ‬ •1.2‫ﻧﻣﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺍﺟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﮐﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬ •‫ﺑﺭﺍی‬300000‫ﺷﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺟﻭﻳﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﻭﺗﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺭ‬ •2.1‫ﻣﻳﮕﺭﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭی‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬ 5
  • 6. 7
  • 7. ‫ﺍﺳﺖ؟‬ ‫ﮐﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺆﻧﻴﺖ‬ FDA USDA FTC (‫)ﺍﻋﻼﻧﺎﺕ‬ EPA (‫ﺁﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺿﺩ‬ ‫)ﺍﺩﻭﻳﻪ‬ CDC (‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫)ﺍﻣﺭﺍﺽ‬ US Customs ( ‫)ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ DOT (‫)ﺗﺭﺍﻧﺳﭘﻭﺭﺕ‬ NOAA ( ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﺍی‬ ‫ﻫﺳپ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺅﻧﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﺗﺭﻳﻧﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺭی‬ ‫)ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ CVM (‫ﺣﻳﻭﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫)ﺩﻭﺍ‬ AMS (‫ﻣﺭﻍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺗﺧﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺭﻭﻳﻼﻧﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫)ﻧﻅﺎﺭﺕ‬ CFSAN APHIS (‫ﺳﺭﺣﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫)ﻗﺭﻧﻁﻳﻥ‬ DOC BATF (‫)ﺍﻟﮑﻭﻝ‬ FSIS )‫ﺗﻔﺗﻳﺵ‬( ERS ( ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺅﻧﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫)ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ 8
  • 8. 9
  • 9. 10 ‫ﻫﺳپ‬ HACCP ‫ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻧﺗﺭﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﻣﻳﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓﻅﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺩﻳﺭﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﻳﺳﺗﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﺯﻫﮑﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩی‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﻳﻧﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭی‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻳﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺯﺍﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﻧﺗﺭﻝ‬ ‫ﮐﻧﺗﺭﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻳﺳﺗﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺎﺕ‬
  • 10. ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍی‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭﻳﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺧﺎﻁﺭ‬)‫ﺑﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭﻳﺎ‬( ‫ﭼﻳﺳﺕ؟‬ ‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﻧﺩ؟‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﮐﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭﻳﺎ‬ 11
  • 11. ‫ﻓﺮﺩی‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﮐﺛﻳﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮐﺛﻳﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻭچ‬ ‫ﺣﺭﺍﺣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﮐﺛﻳﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺑﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻳﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﺷﻳﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﮕﺭﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬ 12
  • 12. ‫ﭘﺎک‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ 14
  • 13. ‫ﻏﺬﺍی‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ‬ 15
  • 15. ‫ﮐﺜﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪی‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭘﺎک‬ ‫ﻓﺯﻳﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺧﭼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﭘﺧﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭘﺎک‬ ، ‫ﮐﺛﻳﻑ‬ ‫ﮐﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻳﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﺍی‬ ‫ﺷﺭﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﮐﻬﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭ‬ 17
  • 16. ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﮔﺭﻓﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻭی‬ ‫ﮔﻭﺷﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻭﭘﻧﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﻧﻳﺯ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻭﭘﻧﮏ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻭی‬ ‫ﺑﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻳﺭ‬ 18
  • 17. ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺧﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍی‬ ‫ﻧﻣﻭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﮑﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺑﺯی‬ ‫ﮐﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﺍی‬ ‫ﻳﮕﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﻭﺷﺕ‬ 19
  • 19. ‫ﻏﺬﺍی‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﭽﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ 21
  • 20. ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍی‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﮑﺗﺭﻳﺎ‬)22‫ﮔﺭﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬( ‫ﻧﻣﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﺷﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﺳﺩ‬ 22
  • 21. ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍی‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬ 23
  • 22. ‫ﺍﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬)‫ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬( ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﻭی‬ ‫ﺑﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺱ‬ Cockroaches ‫ﻣﻭﺵ‬ 24
  • 23. ‫ﭘﺎک‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺜﺎﻓﺖ‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬ 25
  • 24. ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺜﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 26
  • 25. ‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ؟‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻳﺳﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻫﺭی‬ ‫ﻗﺿﺎﻳﺎی‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺿﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬! ‫ﻣﻳﺗﻭﺍﻧﺩ؟‬ ‫ﮐﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﭼﯽ‬ 27
  • 26. ‫ﮐﺜﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﭼﺗﻝ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﻫﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭی‬ ‫ﺑﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﮔﺫﺍﺷﺗﻥ‬ 28
  • 27. ‫ﮐﺮﺩ؟‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮی‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ 29
  • 28. ‫ﻓﺮﺩی‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻭﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺗﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻧﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎک‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺑﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺩﺍﺭﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺿﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ٍ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺍﻭﻟﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﺎی‬ ‫ﮐﻣﮏ‬ ‫ﮐﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﻳﺕ‬ 30
  • 29. ‫ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﮔﺫﺍﺷﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﭘﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍ‬ 31
  • 30. ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎک‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ 32
  • 31. ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﮏ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺒﻞ‬ 33
  • 32. ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮی‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ 34
  • 33. ‫ﭼﮏ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﻣﺎﻣﺗﺭ‬ 35
  • 34. ‫ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭی‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬)‫ﻣﻧﻔﯽ‬18 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺭﻳﺩ‬( ‫ﻳﺧﮕﺷﺎﺩﻥ‬ )‫ﻳﺧﭼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻣﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﮔﻳﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺻﻭﺭﺕ‬( ‫ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‬22 ‫ﭘﺧﺗﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺧﭼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﺫﺍﺷﺗﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬ 36
  • 36. ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺷﻭﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﻧﺗﺭﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺎﺕ‬ 38
  • 37. ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻅﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ 39
  • 38. ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺷﻭﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﺽ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺩﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻣﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺩﺍ‬! ‫ﺧﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺧﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻏﺫﺍی‬! 41