Hyperscale Data Centers - 5 ways to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint

Cooling For Future Data Centers
Conselve, October 12th
Maurizio Frizziero - Global Product Line Manager, Air Economizers and Chillers
Hyperscale and Large Data Centers
5 ways to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint

Design on optimum temperatures
Select adiabatic and evaporative solutions
Prefer Variable speed drive Technologies
Consider temperature and pressure dynamic controls
Leverage on new refrigerants
Hyperscale and Large Data Centers - 5 ways to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint

Hyperscale Data Centers design
Design approaches
Chilled water plant with economizer Economizer air handling systems
Page 3Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

How to design next generation datacenters
• ASHRAE guidelines allow operation at high operating
temperatures
• New operating envelope allow maximization of air and
water economization systems
• Air handling and CRAC/H units need to be designed
and optimized in order to leverage as more as possible
on new temperatures
Combination between ASHRAE guidelines and last
technologies are new best practices in Datacenter
design

How to design next generation datacenters
• ASHRAE guidelines allow operation at high operating
temperatures
• New operating envelope allows maximization of air and
water economization systems
• Air economizers and CRAC/H need to be designed and
optimized in order to leverage as much as possible on
new temperatures
Combination between ASHRAE guidelines and last
technologies must be the new best practices in
Datacenter design

An effective route to saving OPEX and CAPEX
New temperatures optimize Total Cost of Ownership
*Paris climate conditions, constant thermal load 1MW, data refer to chiller only
• Traditional temperatures do not optimize summer and economization
mode
• It is advantageous to move from traditional 7°C or 10°C operation to
higher values, up to 20°C
High water temperatures…
• …are mandatory to comply with ASHRAE standards
• …improve OPEX since these optimize the cooling circuit and extend
economization operation
• ….allow CAPEX reduction since the chillers can be downsized
-40%
7 10 18
Set-point [°C]
CAPEX*
-30%

The next frontier – Wide DeltaT Operation
Chilled water plan optimization
What does it mean to shift design from
18/24°C 18/28°C
OPEX saving
• Pump power saving: -15%
• Extended economizer mode: +4°C
• Less power consumption on fan side: -20%
CAPEX improvement
• saving on hydraulic infrastructure
• pressure drop reduction up to 70kPa
•Site: Paris
•Unit: BREF2812A
•Unit Capacity: 1000kW
•Design water temperature: 18°C

Minimum PUE with Air economizers
*Paris climate conditions, constant thermal load 1MW, N+1 redundancy, deltaT:14°C, water cost 1.74€/m3, 0.1€/kWh
**Supply air temperature 25°C, deltaT:14°C, constant thermal load 1MW, N+1 redundancy
New ASHRAE recommendations allow wide application of indirect air economizers
22 25 27
Set-point [°C]
1-yearOPEX*
-12%
1.05 1.05 1.11
Chicago Paris Singapore
pPUE**

How to decrease PUE further
What is adiabatic or evaporative cooling?
It is a process, based on water evaporation, for forcing the average temperature of an air mass to the wet bulb
conditions.
As water is evaporated, energy is dissipated by the air, reducing the temperature.
In order to obtain this effect, it is necessary:
• to create a large contact surface between water and air
• to force heat exchange between air and water to grant water evaporation

How to decrease PUE further
What is adiabatic or evaporative cooling?
It is a process, based on water evaporation, for forcing the average temperature of an air mass to the wet bulb
conditions.
As water is evaporated, energy is dissipated by air, thus reducing temperature.
In order to obtain this effect, it is necessary
• to create a large contact surface between water and air
• to force the heat exchange between air and water to grant water evaporation

Indirect Air economizers
How it’s made
The adiabatic solution on air economizers is based on
• Nozzles, keep the unit “core” continuously wet, when T and RH allow
evaporative effect maximization.
• Air-to-air heat exchangers, manufactured in polyurethane material,
are not affected by corrosion and are easily serviceable
• Water recirculation, allows reduction in water consumption
• Embedded control system, which monitors, controls and optimizes
the unit operation, including adiabatic

Indirect Air economizers
How it works
Dry Operation
The unit can cool the data center just via the air-to-air Heat Exchanger thus using only external
cold air
WET Operation
The unit can here exploit the evaporative effect via humidification
Trim cooling
At higher temperatures and humidity, the unit might require trim cooling, but, at high temperature
and low relative humidity the unit can work just with evaporative cooling

Chillers and water economizers
How it’s made
The adiabatic solution on chillers is based on
• Nozzles, the position has been defined in order to optimize
the drop distribution
• Layout, the “V” shape arrangement for coils and economizer
coils allows onboard installation of the adiabatic
• Protective filter: The internal components and the coils are
protected by non-evaporated water with specific filters
• Embedded control system, which monitors, controls and
optimizes the unit operation, including adiabatic
Protective filters
Nozzles
Control board and
human interface1
Onboard pumping for
adiabatic system
Water collect and
discharge system
BafflesPage 13Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Chillers and water economizers
How it works
• Chiller application
• Max ambient operation, up to 5°C more
• Size optimization, leveraging on extra capacity to reduce
the unit size
• Better efficiency in Mechanical cooling operation, up to
+8%
• Economization mode
• Economization activation, up to 5°C higher ambient
temperature for activating free-cooling
• Up to 20% more hours in total economizer mode
0
50
100
150
200
250
-7 -3 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37
Absorbedpower[kW]
Outdoor temperature [°C]
w/o adiabatic w/ adiabatic
No adiabatic More
economization
Less power
consumtion
Adiabatic No Adiabatic
*Paris climate conditions, constant thermal load 1MW, N+1 redundancy, 20/30°C

A worldwide perspective
Buenos Aires -18%
Sydney -17%
Beijing -14%
New Delhi -13%
Paris -22% Moscow -13%
Data calculated comparing traditional water economizer units at 18/24°C with water economizers with adiabatic at 18/28°C

A way to reduce dependency on mechanical cooling
• High temperature design, adiabatic, Free-cooling and
economizers reduce dependency on mechanical
cooling, moving to a “trim” cooling concept
• “trim” cooling approach moves design to size
mechanical cooling to cover capacity not dissipated by
free-cooling
• Variable Speed Drive compressors
• Is completely available on all capacities, although with
different arrangements
• Optimize trim cooling effect
• Improve energy efficiency
• Reduce CAPital EXpense on electrical investment
• Allow to install more capacity with the same electrical
infrastructure
150
250
+500
15
Unit size
[kW]

• High temperature design, adiabatic and economizers
reduce dependency on mechanical cooling, moving to a
“trim” cooling concept
• The “trim” cooling approach sizes mechanical cooling to
cover the capacity not dissipated by the economization
section
• are completely available on all capacities, although with
• optimize trim cooling effect
• improve energy efficiency
• reduce CAPital EXpense on electrical investment
• allow to install more capacity with the same electrical
infrastructure
15kW
100kW
250kW
+500kW

Variable speed drive technologies
infrastructure
Standard unit Trim cooling unit
Mechanicalcooling
-40%
Load [%]
Traditional compressors
VSD technology

Variable speed drive technologies
Same Electrical Backbone (3000A) – Montreal, Quebec, Canada
infrastructure
IT
IT
Traditional
Trim cooling

Embedded solutions for adapting unit operation to actual load
Chilled water Set-point
compensation
• All the Schneider Electric cooling
resources can be linked together in a
network to maximize the operating
parameters and the current required.
• Row and room cooling units
communicate to the chiller, reducing
the energy requirement by means of
a “tracking logic” for the current
thermal load.
• The chilled water temperature varies
dynamically to minimize compressor
consumption and maximize the use
of free-cooling, while maintaining the
optimum temperature in the data
center.
Dynamic control of chilled water
pressure (VPF)
• Package chillers offer the possibility
to have onboard VSD pumps with
integrated pressure sensors
• Water flow and head pressure are
managed on the IT load variation,
improving pump efficiency
• Primary only plants can be designed,
saving both CAPital EXpense and
OPerative EXpenses
• Increased efficiency due to the
continuous speed adaption on the
pressure drops of the circuit.
Embedded pressure control on
Air economizer
• Indirect air economizer can be
provided with pressure control
sensors
• Airflow and fans speed are based on
the real need of the IT space
• BMS and PLCs are not necessary
for this purpose

Embedded solutions for adapting unit operation to actual load
Chilled water Set-point
compensation
• Row and room cooling units
communicate to the chiller the actual
thermal load
• The chilled water temperature varies
dynamically to minimize compressor
consumption and maximize the use
of economization mode
Dynamic control of chilled water
pressure (VPF)
• Packaged chillers can be fitted with
onboard VSD pumps with integrated
pressure transducers
• Water flow and head pressure are
managed on the IT load variation,
improving pump efficiency
• Primary only plants can be designed,
saving both CAPital EXpense and
OPerative EXpenses
Embedded pressure control on IT
space
• Air Containment and IT room
pressure control
• Indirect air economizer can be
provided with pressure control
sensors -> Airflow and fans speed
are based on the real need of the IT
space
• BMSs, DCIMs and PLCs are not
necessary for this purpose

How new standard are an opportunity to improve datacenters
• New refrigerants…
• …allow low impact on Global Warming
• …are flammable, although slightly
• …”move” less cooling and therefore need larger units
• …improve efficiency of cooling units
• Design with new refrigerants…
• …is more green
• …needs large and package unts are Air economizers and chillers to be
installed outdoor and concentrate them
• …can be based on high water temperature in warm zone too
• …leverages on larger free-cooling capacitates
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Coolingcapacity (kW) Energyefficiency(EER)
%VsR134a
R134a R1234ze

How new standards are an opportunity to improve datacenters
• New refrigerants…
• …allow low impact on Global Warming
• …are flammable, although only slightly
• …”move” less cooling and therefore need larger units
• …improve efficiency of cooling units
• Design with new refrigerants…
• …is more green
• …needs large and packaged units as air economizers and chillers to be
installed outdoor and concentrated in a safe area
• …can be based on high water temperature in warm zones too
• …leverages on larger economization capacities
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Coolingcapacity (kW) Energyefficiency(EER)
%VsR134a
R134a R1234ze

Main takeaways
1. Optimum design temperatures maximize economizer hours and reduce PUE
and need specific cooling technologies
2. Adiabatic and evaporative solutions allow energy improvement and reduce
dependency on mechanical cooling
3. leveraging on variable speed drive technologies, “trim” cooling allows CAPEX
reduction in electrical infrastructure and improved OPEX
4. Dynamic temperature and pressure controls allow a continuous adaption of power
consumption to the actual cooling demand
5. New refrigerants are not mere greenwashing, while an opportunity to exploit the
latest temperature design, even in hot climatic zones

Cooling For Future Data Centers

Hyperscale Data Centers - 5 ways to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint

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