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Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future 
Supported by 
Sparkling IBSE: 
Hummingbird seeks Bromeliad 
Sonja Eilers, Yvonne Matzick, Kevin Henning, 
Doris Elster 
Institute of Biology Education 
Bremen, Germany
Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future 
Programme 
• The European project INQUIRE 
• INQUIRE for Students Course Bremen 
• Sparkling IBSE activities 
– Expedition to Mount Kinabalu (Yvonne Matzick, Kevin 
Henning) 
– Hummingbird seeks Bromeliad (Sonja Eilers) 
– Which apple variety shall we choose? (Doris Elster) 
• Discussion 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
2
Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future 
The European project INQUIRE 
• 17 Partners from 11 
Countries coordinated 
by University of 
Innsbruck, Austria 
• Promotion of inquiry 
based science 
education (IBSE) 
through teacher 
training courses 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
3
INQUIRE for STUDENTS Course 
Flat hierarchical structure in a Community 
of Learners 
Authentic learning environments 
Inquiry based science education (IBSE) 
Hands-on activities, minds-on – 
activities with green plants in focus 
Reflective Practitioner 
– Planning, conducting and reflecting of 
– Working with pupils/classes of the lower 
secondary level 
o Thematic focus 
– Biodiversity, biodiversity loss and climate 
change 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
4
INQUIRE for STUDENTS Course at Bremen 
: 
o Thematic focus 
– Biodiversity, biodiversity loss 
and climate change 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
5
Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future 
Programme 
• The European project INQUIRE 
• INQUIRE for Students Course Bremen 
• Sparkling IBSE activities 
– Expedition to Mount Kinabalu (Yvonne Matzick, 
Kevin Henning) 
– Hummingbird seeks Bromeliad (Sonja Eilers) 
– Which apple variety shall we choose? (Doris 
Elster) 
• Discussion 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
6
Expedition to Mount Kinabalu 
IBSE Activity: 
Expedition to Mount Kinabalu 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
7
Expedition to Mount Kinabalu 
Mount Kinabalu 
• Located on Borneo in 
southeast Malaysia 
• Highest peak in the malay 
archipelago (4095 m) 
• Incredible biodiversity of 
plant life with 5000-6000 
different species 
– For example orchids, pitcher 
plants and rhododendron 
• World Heritage side 
•EnMdaanpg eorfe Bd osprneceieos 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
8
Expedition to Mount Kinabalu 
Deforestation on Borneo 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
9
Expedition to Mount Kinabalu 
IBSE Activity 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
10 
• Structured in a station based system 
 Each station representates a different habitat along the hillside 
• The pupils 
 form expedition teams 
 „climb“ the hill 
 get to know and practice scientific methods (Constructing and 
validating hypothesises, microscoping, examine and describe 
plants)
Expedition to Mount Kinabalu 
Stations 
Summit 
Station 4 
Station 3 
Station 2 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
11 
Station 1
Station 1 - Lowland equatorial evergreen rain forests 
Expedition to Mount Kinabalu 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
12 
Staghorn fern
Expedition to Mount Kinabalu 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University 
Bremen 
13 
Station 2 – Lower montane rainforests 
Orchids 
„Insect seeks flower“ and 
„Hummingbird seeks 
bromeliad“ 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
13
Expedition to Mount Kinabalu 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University 
Bremen 
14 
Station 3 – Upper montane rainforests 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
14
Expedition to Mount Kinabalu 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University 
Bremen 
15 
Station 4 – Subalpine & alpine zone 
Rhododendron 
and azalea 
Frost 
desiccation 
Stomata 
Summit rat 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
15
Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future 
Programme 
• The European project INQUIRE 
• INQUIRE for Students Course Bremen 
• Sparking IBSE activities 
– Expedition to Mount Kinabalu (Yvonne Matzick) 
– Hummingbird seeks Bromeliad (Sonja Eilers) 
– Which apple variety shall we choose? (Doris 
Elster) 
• Discussion 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
16
HUMMINGBIRD SEEKS BROMELIAD 
Overview 
• Students will intensively 
deal with “flowers and their 
pollinators”. 
• They establish hypothesis, 
design and conduct own 
model experiments and 
analyze them. 
• Students draw conclusions 
on the basis of their model 
experiments. 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
17
Goals 
Students… 
• learn about settlement into the 
ecological niche as correlation of 
beak length and corolla tube 
length 
• find out that transport of pollen 
and pollination of flowers is 
unintended 
• find out how flower constancy 
works 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
18
T 
Tillandsia fasciculata 
Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, 
Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, 
Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago, Florida, Venezuela 
Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
19
Aechmea fasciata 
Brazil 
Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 20 
University Bremen
Aechmea nudicaulis 
Costa Rica 
Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 21 
University Bremen
Hohenbergia penduliflora 
Cuba 
Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 22 
University Bremen
Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future 
Programme 
• The European project INQUIRE 
• INQUIRE for Students Course Bremen 
• Sparking IBSE activities 
– Expedition to Mount Kinabalu (Yvonne Matzick) 
– Kolibri seeks Bromelia (Sonja Eilers) 
– Which apple variety shall we choose? (Doris 
Elster) 
• Discussion 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
23
Doris Elster 
WHICH APPLE VARIETY TO 
CHOOSE? 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
24
Which apple variety to choose? 
• A school class wants to 
buy apples for their 
school trip. 
• Which apple variety 
should they buy? 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
25
Which apple variety to choose? 
Material 1 
You want to buy one kilo apples at a supermarket. Among the choices are four different apple 
varieties. Next to the apple baskets you find some information on each variety that may help 
you in your decision making. 
Apple variety 
Criteria Granny Smith Red Delicious Boskoop Elstar 
Taste 
Growing conventional 
Price [kg] [fill in price] [fill in price] [fill in price] [fill in price] 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
26
The following table is a scheme, which may help you deciding on which apple variety to choose! 
Which apple variety to choose? 
Criteria Direction Weighting 
(1-3) 
Granny Smith Red Delicious Boskoop Elstar 
Points Score Points Score Points Score Points Scor 
e 
Taste Individual 
direction 
Growing Ecological 
better than 
conventional 
Price The 
cheaper, the 
better 
--------------- ----------------- Total --------- --------- --------- --------- 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
27
Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future 
Thanks for your attention! 
The INQUIRE team and course participants at the University of Bremen 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
28
Where you can get further information 
• The INQUIRE Website is 
translated into 10 
languages. 
www.inquirybotany.org 
• Here you will find IBSE 
activities, news and 
discussions and the 
INQUIRE Course Manual. 
• About the German INQUIRE 
activities: Doris.elster@uni-bremen. 
de 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
29
References 
INQUIRE (Inquiry based Teacher Training for a sustainable future). 
http://www.inquiebotany.org/en [download November 10th, 2012] 
INQUIRE Consortium (2011). Pilot INQUIRE Course Manual for Teachers and Educators, University 
Bremen, Germany. 
IBSE Activities (on CD Rom) 
Elster, D., Eilers, S., Logemann, S. (2013). Hummingbird seeks Bromelid. Modulbook of INQUIRE 
team Uni Bremen. 
Matzick, Y., Henning, K. (2013). Expedition to Mount Kinabalu. INQUIRE Modulbook of Uni 
Bremen. 
Elster, D. (2011). Which Apple Variety to Choose? INQUIRE Modulbook of Uni Bremen. 
Möller, J., Ritter, U., Elster, D. (2012) Landscape Architecture. 
Scientix Conference 2014 
Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 
University Bremen 
30

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Sparkling IBSE: Hummingbird seeks Bromeliad, Sonja Eilers and Yvonne Matzick

  • 1. Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future Supported by Sparkling IBSE: Hummingbird seeks Bromeliad Sonja Eilers, Yvonne Matzick, Kevin Henning, Doris Elster Institute of Biology Education Bremen, Germany
  • 2. Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future Programme • The European project INQUIRE • INQUIRE for Students Course Bremen • Sparkling IBSE activities – Expedition to Mount Kinabalu (Yvonne Matzick, Kevin Henning) – Hummingbird seeks Bromeliad (Sonja Eilers) – Which apple variety shall we choose? (Doris Elster) • Discussion Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 2
  • 3. Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future The European project INQUIRE • 17 Partners from 11 Countries coordinated by University of Innsbruck, Austria • Promotion of inquiry based science education (IBSE) through teacher training courses Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 3
  • 4. INQUIRE for STUDENTS Course Flat hierarchical structure in a Community of Learners Authentic learning environments Inquiry based science education (IBSE) Hands-on activities, minds-on – activities with green plants in focus Reflective Practitioner – Planning, conducting and reflecting of – Working with pupils/classes of the lower secondary level o Thematic focus – Biodiversity, biodiversity loss and climate change Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 4
  • 5. INQUIRE for STUDENTS Course at Bremen : o Thematic focus – Biodiversity, biodiversity loss and climate change Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 5
  • 6. Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future Programme • The European project INQUIRE • INQUIRE for Students Course Bremen • Sparkling IBSE activities – Expedition to Mount Kinabalu (Yvonne Matzick, Kevin Henning) – Hummingbird seeks Bromeliad (Sonja Eilers) – Which apple variety shall we choose? (Doris Elster) • Discussion Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 6
  • 7. Expedition to Mount Kinabalu IBSE Activity: Expedition to Mount Kinabalu Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 7
  • 8. Expedition to Mount Kinabalu Mount Kinabalu • Located on Borneo in southeast Malaysia • Highest peak in the malay archipelago (4095 m) • Incredible biodiversity of plant life with 5000-6000 different species – For example orchids, pitcher plants and rhododendron • World Heritage side •EnMdaanpg eorfe Bd osprneceieos Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 8
  • 9. Expedition to Mount Kinabalu Deforestation on Borneo Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 9
  • 10. Expedition to Mount Kinabalu IBSE Activity Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 10 • Structured in a station based system  Each station representates a different habitat along the hillside • The pupils  form expedition teams  „climb“ the hill  get to know and practice scientific methods (Constructing and validating hypothesises, microscoping, examine and describe plants)
  • 11. Expedition to Mount Kinabalu Stations Summit Station 4 Station 3 Station 2 Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 11 Station 1
  • 12. Station 1 - Lowland equatorial evergreen rain forests Expedition to Mount Kinabalu Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 12 Staghorn fern
  • 13. Expedition to Mount Kinabalu Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 13 Station 2 – Lower montane rainforests Orchids „Insect seeks flower“ and „Hummingbird seeks bromeliad“ Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 13
  • 14. Expedition to Mount Kinabalu Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 14 Station 3 – Upper montane rainforests Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 14
  • 15. Expedition to Mount Kinabalu Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 15 Station 4 – Subalpine & alpine zone Rhododendron and azalea Frost desiccation Stomata Summit rat Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 15
  • 16. Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future Programme • The European project INQUIRE • INQUIRE for Students Course Bremen • Sparking IBSE activities – Expedition to Mount Kinabalu (Yvonne Matzick) – Hummingbird seeks Bromeliad (Sonja Eilers) – Which apple variety shall we choose? (Doris Elster) • Discussion Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 16
  • 17. HUMMINGBIRD SEEKS BROMELIAD Overview • Students will intensively deal with “flowers and their pollinators”. • They establish hypothesis, design and conduct own model experiments and analyze them. • Students draw conclusions on the basis of their model experiments. Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 17
  • 18. Goals Students… • learn about settlement into the ecological niche as correlation of beak length and corolla tube length • find out that transport of pollen and pollination of flowers is unintended • find out how flower constancy works Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 18
  • 19. T Tillandsia fasciculata Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago, Florida, Venezuela Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 19
  • 20. Aechmea fasciata Brazil Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 20 University Bremen
  • 21. Aechmea nudicaulis Costa Rica Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 21 University Bremen
  • 22. Hohenbergia penduliflora Cuba Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning 22 University Bremen
  • 23. Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future Programme • The European project INQUIRE • INQUIRE for Students Course Bremen • Sparking IBSE activities – Expedition to Mount Kinabalu (Yvonne Matzick) – Kolibri seeks Bromelia (Sonja Eilers) – Which apple variety shall we choose? (Doris Elster) • Discussion Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 23
  • 24. Doris Elster WHICH APPLE VARIETY TO CHOOSE? Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 24
  • 25. Which apple variety to choose? • A school class wants to buy apples for their school trip. • Which apple variety should they buy? Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 25
  • 26. Which apple variety to choose? Material 1 You want to buy one kilo apples at a supermarket. Among the choices are four different apple varieties. Next to the apple baskets you find some information on each variety that may help you in your decision making. Apple variety Criteria Granny Smith Red Delicious Boskoop Elstar Taste Growing conventional Price [kg] [fill in price] [fill in price] [fill in price] [fill in price] Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 26
  • 27. The following table is a scheme, which may help you deciding on which apple variety to choose! Which apple variety to choose? Criteria Direction Weighting (1-3) Granny Smith Red Delicious Boskoop Elstar Points Score Points Score Points Score Points Scor e Taste Individual direction Growing Ecological better than conventional Price The cheaper, the better --------------- ----------------- Total --------- --------- --------- --------- Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 27
  • 28. Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future Thanks for your attention! The INQUIRE team and course participants at the University of Bremen Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 28
  • 29. Where you can get further information • The INQUIRE Website is translated into 10 languages. www.inquirybotany.org • Here you will find IBSE activities, news and discussions and the INQUIRE Course Manual. • About the German INQUIRE activities: Doris.elster@uni-bremen. de Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 29
  • 30. References INQUIRE (Inquiry based Teacher Training for a sustainable future). http://www.inquiebotany.org/en [download November 10th, 2012] INQUIRE Consortium (2011). Pilot INQUIRE Course Manual for Teachers and Educators, University Bremen, Germany. IBSE Activities (on CD Rom) Elster, D., Eilers, S., Logemann, S. (2013). Hummingbird seeks Bromelid. Modulbook of INQUIRE team Uni Bremen. Matzick, Y., Henning, K. (2013). Expedition to Mount Kinabalu. INQUIRE Modulbook of Uni Bremen. Elster, D. (2011). Which Apple Variety to Choose? INQUIRE Modulbook of Uni Bremen. Möller, J., Ritter, U., Elster, D. (2012) Landscape Architecture. Scientix Conference 2014 Elster, Eilers, Matzick, Henning University Bremen 30

Notas del editor

  1. The EU FP7 INQUIRE Project (Inquiry based teacher training for a sustainable future) is a three year lasting project focusing on inquiry-based science education (IBSE). 17 partners coming from 11 countries are involved in this project. They work together in the development of 60 hour IBSE teacher training courses with support from Botanic Gardens International and the King’s College London. The project is coordinated by the Innsbruck University of Austria [1]. Most of the participating institutes are botanic gardens, science centre or natural history museum. Educators of these out-of-school learning environments and teachers work together in “Communities of Practice” [5] and develop INQUIRE courses focusing on biodiversity loss, climate change and sustainability, one of the major global issues of the 21st Century.
  2. 1.2 Professional development within a Community of Learners Teachers’ professional learning starts with their pre-service teacher training and should continue through their whole working life. This lifelong learning enables teachers to act as experts in the profession of teaching in a world where scientific knowledge is permanently changing. According to Shulman [8] teachers’ knowledge is characterized by subject knowledge (knowing about subject content), pedagogical content knowledge (knowing how to teach the content) and pedagogical knowledge (knowing how to teach more generally). In the INQUIRE Project, teachers and botanic garden educators work together in Communities of Learners [5]. The term stems from theories of situated learning which describe the collaboration of teachers with each other and with researchers [9], [10]. The main goals of CoL are to improve learning and teaching skills, to share responsibility for professional growth, and to partake in professionally guided discourse about one’s own teaching and learning. In the INQUIRE project, the national CoL work together in the development of INQUIRE teacher training courses. In processes of co-construction [11] botanic garden educators and teachers develop inquiry-based activities and modules. This requires agreement on the working process, shared goals (of botanic garden educators and teachers), as well as a critical rethinking of one’s own practice. In addition teachers’ professional development depends on the teachers’ culture of reflection [12]. Action research is expected to support teachers in establishing a research relationship to their own practice (acting in the classroom) and to empower them to act as ‘reflective practitioners’ [13].
  3. 2. INQUIRE for Students – Course in Bremen The Bremen INQUIRE course is addressed to teacher students and active teachers who are interested in inquiry based learning dealing with the topics biodiversity, biodiversity loss and climate change. The course is performed at the green houses and laboratories of the University Bremen. Visits at the Green Science Center botanika Bremen and the Climate House in Bremerhaven are an essential part of the course which consists of three modules: investigation biodiversity and climate change, planning a school project and conducting the school project.   Module 1. Teacher students, teachers, botanic garden educators, science educators and botanists build a “Community of Learners”. They share their knowledge to deal with topics of biodiversity loss and climate change. They investigate different methods of inquiry based learning at authentic learning facilities outside the classroom, in the green houses and in the botanic garden as well as in the science center Climate House. Module 2. The participants build school teams consisting of one and three to four students. In cooperation with botanic garden educator and science educator they develop 6 hours lasting school projects. In union they develop BSE activities and materials for 5-8 graders and reflect them with other participants using a self developed check list for IBSE tools. Module 3. The teams invite their school classes and conduct the IBSE project at the biological garden (glass houses) and the labs of the Department of Biology Education at the University Bremen. The teams reflect on the students learning
  4. One of the worlds most important biological sites
  5. The deforestation is contributing to the global climate change influences butterfly and other insect species on Mount Kinabalu The primary forests are one of the world´s most important carbon sinks Extensive deforestation around Mount Kinabalu in the past sixty years
  6. Ändern
  7. The students Examine a staghorn fern and create a plant profile Discuss the two different leaves of the staghorn fern as an adaption to the habitat of the plant Get information about the deforestation and endangerment of Borneos rainforests Discuss the Borneo pygmy elephant as an endangered species and think about the reasons Construct a hypothesis in what way the height of the Borneo pygmy elephant is an adaption to its habitat
  8. The students Examine an orchid and create a plant profile Do the activity „insect seeks flower-adaptions to special feeding habits“ Explore the adaptions of the mouthparts of different insect species on feeding on orchid species having a spur Watch a film about the preservation of the orang-utan Discuss in what way fighting deforestation can help to reserve the orang-utan and the global climate
  9. The students Examine a pitcher plant and create a plant profile Dissect a trumpet and a pitcher of a pitcher plant and a trumpet pitcher plant to find out how the plants catch and digest animals Discuss in which way feeding on insects is a plant´s adaption to its nutrient-poor habitat Get to know the special relationship between the mountain treeshrew and the giant pitcher plant Construct a hypothesis about the advantages the pitcher plant has from being used as a toilet
  10. The students Examine an azalea and create a plant profile Get information about frost desiccation and stomata Examine and describe the coiled leaves of a frozen rhododendron Microscope the bottom side of an azalea leaf and draw a stomata Construct a hypothesis about the phenomenon that the azalea coils its leaves up, using their knowledge about the function of the stomata Get to know the summit rat as an endemic species of Mount Kinabalu A Unique Resource Mutualism between the Giant Bornean Pitcher Plant, Nepenthes rajah, and Members of a Small Mammal Community
  11. Kuba