anatomy of Nose and Para-nasal Sinuses

2. THE NASAL CAVITY
This is divided in two by the nasal septum in the sagittal plane.
NASAL SEPTUM:
The nasal septum is part bony and part cartilaginous. The floor of the
nasal cavity is the roof of the oral cavity and is formed by the palatine
process of the maxilla,
with the palatine bone posteriorly. The lateral walls of the cavity are
formed by contributions from the maxillary, palatine, lacrimal and
ethmoid bones. These walls bear three curved extensions known as
turbinates or conchae, which divide the cavity into inferior, middle and
superior meati, each lying beneath the turbinate of the corresponding
name. The space above the superior turbinate is the sphenoethmoidal
recess.

3. External nose

7. Nasal septum

8. BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE NASAL CAVITY
The sphenopalatine artery is the terminal part of the maxillary artery. It has medial branches to the nasal
septum and lateral branches to the lateral wall of the nose and turbinates.
The greater palatine artery supplies some of the lower part of the nasal cavity.
The superior labial branch of the facial artery supplies some branches to the anteroinferior part of the
nasal septum and the nasal alae.
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery supply the superior part of the
nasal cavity.
Little's area is a vascular region of mucosa in the anterior and inferior part of the nasal septum supplied by
branches of the sphenopalatine, greater palatine and facial arteries. This is a common site of anterior
epistaxis.

9. PARANASAL SINUSES
Para-nasal sinuses are a group of four
paired air-filled spaces that surround the
nasal cavity. The maxillary sinuses are
located under the eyes; the frontal sinuses
are above the eyes; the ethmoidal sinuses
are between the eyes and the sphenoidal
sinuses are behind the eyes.

10. PARANASAL SINUSES

13. OSTEOMEATAL COMPLEX
Ostium
Infundibulum
Ethmoid bulla
Uncinate process
Hiatus semilunaris
Middle meatus.

15. MEATI
 The sphenoid air cells drain into the sphenoethmoidal recess.
 The posterior group of ethmoidal air cells drain into the superior
meatus.
 The frontal sinus opens in the most anterior opening of the middle
meatus. The anterior ethmoidal air cells and maxillary sinus drain
into the middle meatus at the hiatus semilunaris, below the
ethmoid bulla.
 The nasolacrimal duct opens into the inferior meatus, draining
the lacrimal secretions

18. HALLER CELLS
Haller cells, also known as infraorbital ethmoidal air
cells Ethmoidal air cells belonging to the anterior
ethmoidal group.
•Adhere to roof of maxillary sinus forming the lat wall
of infundibulum
• Enlargement of these cells can impede the maxillary
sinus drainage

22. AGAR NASAI CELL
Anterior to the antero superior attachment of
the middle turbinate and borders the frontal
recess.
Its size may directly influence the patency of
the frontal recess. These agger nasi cells are
commonly involved in the pathogenesis of
the formation of frontal mucocele.

24. Frontal recess

25. Spheno ethmoid recess

27. ONODI CELLS
Posterior ethmoidal cells extending supero lateral to the
sphenoid sinus & can either abut to or impinging upon the
optic nerve.
When these Onodi cells abut or surround the optic nerve, the
nerve is at risk when surgical excision of these cells is
performed.