Qualitative and quantitative resarch

1. • Presented by
Ammara ASHFAQ
Educational Research 2e: Creswell

2. PowerPoint slides by Ronald J. Shope in collaboration with John W. Creswell
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches

3. Educational Research 2e: Creswell
Key Ideas
Definition of quantitative and qualitative
Research
Development of quantitative research
Development of qualitative research
Differences between quantitative and
qualitative in the process of research
Use of quantitative or qualitative approach

4. Educational Research 2e: Creswell
Definitions of Qualitative and
Quantitative Research
Quantitative Research
A type of educational
research in which the
researcher decides what to
study, asks specific, narrow
questions, collects numeric
(numbered) data from
participants, analyzes these
numbers using statistics, and
conducts the inquiry in an
unbiased, objective manner.
Qualitative Research
A type of educational research in
which the researcher relies on
the views of participants, asks
broad, general questions,
collects data consisting largely of
words (or text) from participants,
describes and analyzes these
words for themes, and conducts
the inquiry in a subjective,
biased manner.

5. Educational Research 2e: Creswell
The Development of Quantitative
Research: Historical Trends
Statistical Procedures
Test and Measurement Practices
Research Designs

6. Educational Research 2e: Creswell
Historical Trends: Quantitative
Statistical Procedures
Correlational procedures
Comparing groups
Cause/Effect relationships

7. Educational Research 2e: Creswell
Historical Trends: Quantitative
Testing and Measurement
Testing mental abilities (late 19th
century)
Measuring achievement (e.g. SAT)
Predicting achievement from
standardized measurements

8. Educational Research 2e: Creswell
The Development of Qualitative
Research: Major Themes
Philosophical Ideas
Procedural Developments
Advocacy Practices

9. Educational Research 2e: Creswell
Historical Trends: Qualitative
Philosophical Ideas
Naturalistic Inquiry or Constructivism
consider the participant’s point of view
describe participant’s view within a setting
or context
This is an alternative perspective to
traditional research

10. Educational Research 2e: Creswell
Historical Trends: Qualitative
Procedural Developments
Central Phenomenon rather than
research question or hypothesis
Methods such as interviews,
observations and interviews
Designs such as case studies,
grounded theory and narrative

11. Educational Research 2e: Creswell
Historical Trends: Qualitative
Advocacy Practices
The qualitative researcher is not
objective, politically neutral observer
The qualitative researcher is an
observer of the human condition
The meaning of the research is plural,
political and open
The project is collaborative and
participatory

12. Educational Research 2e: Creswell
Characteristics of Quantitative and Qualitative
Research in the Process of Research
Steps in the
Research Process
Analyze and
Interpret Data
Report and Evaluate
Collecting Data
Specifying a Purpose
Reviewing the Literature
Identifying a Problem
Quantitative
Characteristics
Qualitative
Characteristics
•Descriptive/Explanatory •Exploratory/
Understanding
a Central Phenomena•Major Role
•Justify Problem •Minor Role
•Justify Problem
•Specific and Narrow
•Measurable/Observable
•General and Broad
•Participants’ Experience
•Pre-determined
Instruments
•Numeric Data
•Large numbers
•General, emerging form
•Text or image data
•Small Number
•Statistical
•Description of Trends
•Comparisons/Predictions
•Text Analysis
•Description and Themes
•Larger Meanings of Findings
•Standard and Fixed
•Objective and Unbiased
•Flexible and Emerging
•Reflexive and Biased

13. Educational Research 2e: Creswell
Ways in Which Quantitative and
Qualitative Research are Similar
• They both follow the steps in the
process of research
• Format for reporting the research
problem is the same
• Both have data collection steps

14. Educational Research 2e: Creswell
How Do You Choose Whether to Use the
Quantitative or Qualitative Approach?
• Match the approach to the problem
• Fit the approach to your audience
• Relate the approach to your
experiences

15. THANKU
for
ATTENTION
Educational Research 2e: Creswell