2. Non Woven Fabric
• Nonwoven fabrics are products
made of parallel laid, cross laid or
randomly laid fiber webs bonded
with adhesive or through
application of heat and pressure.
• The term is used in the textile
manufacturing industry to denote
fabrics, such as felt, which are
neither woven nor knitted.
• Nonwoven materials typically lack
strength unless densified or
reinforced by a backing.
3. Introduction
• Fabrics can be made from fibres as well as from yarns.
• Conventional fabric production:
– Fiber Yarn Fabric (knitting or weaving)
• Non-woven production
– Fiber Fabric
• It eliminates the yarn production process and makes the
fabric directly from fibers.
• The great advantages in non-woven fabrics is the speed
with which the final fabric is produced.
• All yarn preparation steps are eliminated, and the fabric
production itself is faster than conventional methods.
5. Dependency
Properties of Non Woven fabrics are
dependent on following factors:
1. The Choice of fiber
2. Technology which determines how
the fibers are to be arranged.
3. The Bonding process and the
bonding agent.
6. Web formation
• A nonwoven fabric is basically a web of fibres
held together in some way.
• The web may be made of staple fibres or
filaments, or from portions of polymer film.
7. Types of Webs and their forming
Techniques
• Staple Fiber Webs
– Wet laid webs
– Dry laid webs
• Parallel Laid
• Cross Laid
• Random Laid
• Continuous filament Webs
– Spun laid webs
– Melt Blown webs
8. Non Woven Fabric Bonding Techniques
• Mechanical Bonding
• Adhesive or Chemical Bonding
• Thermal Bonding
• Bonding of Spun laid webs
9. Types of Finishes
• Antistatic Finishes
• Anti Microbial Finishes
• Water Repellent Finishes
• Flame Retardant
• Softeners
• Soil release etc
10. End Uses
• Nonwoven fabrics can be engineered to give a
wide variety of properties.
• Nevertheless, their aesthetic properties
(handle, drape, appearance) are such that
they are not in direct competition with
conventional fabrics in the outerwear market.
• Woven and knitted fabrics will not be replaced
by nonwovens in the near future.
• Currently, the main areas of growth in
nonwovens are in geotextiles, medical and
hospital uses, disposable products and filters.