2. Content
• What is Earthquake?
• Types of Earthquake.
• Effects of Earthquake.
• Seismic Waves.
• Improving Earthquake Resistant Of The Minor Building.
• Shear Walls.
• Advantages of Shear Walls.
3. What is Earthquake?
• They are natural disasters of a generally
unpredictable nature.
• It is the shaking of earth due to the
movement of earth’s crust.
• A sudden , rapid shaking of the earth caused
by the breaking and shifting of rocks beneath
the earth surface.
• These cause structures to vibrate and the
Earth’s natural means of releasing stress.
4. Types of Earthquake
• Inter-plate earthquake.
• Intra-plate earthquake.
In both types of earthquake, during
earthquake at fault strike
slip(horizontal movement) & dip
slip(vertical movement).
6. Seismic Waves
SIESMIC WAVES
o Body waves:-
• Primary waves
These waves can travel through
any type of material, including fluids, and can
travel at nearly twice the speed of S waves.
• Secondary waves
These waves can travel only
through solids, as fluids (liquids and gases) do
not support shear stresses. S-waves are slower
than P-waves,
o Surface Wave:-
They travel more slowly
than seismic body waves (P and S). In large
earthquakes
7. Improve Earthquake Resistant Of The Minor Building
• Size of building:-
Simpler the Plan, Better
the Performance
• Construction materials:-
R.C.C. preferable than P.C.C
• Separation joints:-
9. Shear Walls
• Vertically oriented wide beams .
• Vertical plate like Rc wall.
• Generally start at foundation.
• Goes through full building height.
• It carries seismic loads down to
the bottom of foundation.
• Provides large strength and stiff
-ness to buildings.
10. • Should be symmetrical in plan along
both the axes.
• The opening provided in shear walls
should be symmetrical.
• Effective when located along the
exterior perimeter of building.
• Thickness generally varies from 150
mm to 400 mm in high rise buildings.
11. Advantages of Shear Walls
• Provide the large strength and stiffness in the
direction of the orientation.
• Significantly reduces lateral sway.
• Easy construction and implementation.
• Efficient in terms of construction cost and
effectiveness in minimizing earthquake damage.
