Biological source, habitat, collection and cultivation , macroscopic identification,microscopic character,chemical constituents , pharmacological activity like anti-parkison's activity, antidiebetic activity, hepatoprotective activity, anti-inflammatory activity, ulcer preventive activity , antimalaerial activity, anticarcinogenic activity, antiviral activity ,anti-alzimer activity, anticytotoxic activity,anti central nervous system depressent activity,anti stroke of camellia sinensis plant

1. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Shailendra shah
Department of pharmaceutical science,
Nobel college
Pokhara University
November 12, 2019 1

2. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
• Biological source
• Classification and Nomenclature
• Habitat and Distribution
• Cultivation and Collection
• Microscopic Identification
• Macroscopic Identification
• Ethno medicinal and Modern uses
• Major chemical constituents
• Pharmacological action
• Quality standards and Formulation
November 12, 2019 2

3. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Biological source:-
 Leaves, buds and tender shoot
of Camellia sinensis
Classification:-
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiosperm
Class: Eudicots
Order: Ericales
Family: Theaceae
Genus: Camelia
Species: C. sinensis
November 12, 2019
3hSource:N.Parmer,et al.(2012)

4. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Nomenclature:-
Botanical name: Camellia sinensis
Synonyms: Thea bohea L., Camellia bohea(L.)
Sweet
Common names:
English name: Green tea, Tea plant
Nepali name: Chiya
November 12, 2019 4

5. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Habitat and Distribution:-
 Tea is an evergreen shrub or tree
 Can grow upto 1-3 m height
 Native to South-east Asia, From Srilanka and
India to Assam and China
 Widely present in Tropical and Subtropical
areas
 Nepal: 3,000- 7,325 feet altitude
November 12, 2019 5

6. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Cultivation:-
Mainly cultivated for its commercial purpose as it
exhibits variety of properties
-anti-viral -antioxidant
-diuretic
-expectorant -stimulant
-analgesic
-astringent - cardiotonic
- digestive
- demulcent - carminative -
nervine
November 12, 2019 6

7. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Cultivation:-
1) Temperature:- Ideal temperature for growth is 20
to 30°c
2) Rainfall:- It requires 150-300 cm annual rainfall
which should be well distributed throughout the
year. High humidity, heavy dew and morning fog
favours rapid development of young leaves
3) Shade:- Tea is shade loving plant and develops
more vigorously when planted along with shady
trees
4) Soil:- Rich in humus, iron, phosphorous and
potash are suitable for plantation
November 12, 2019 7

8. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Collection:-
 Tedious process and requires skilled manipulation of
fingers for plucking leaves and buds at a time
 Only a few young and juicy leaves with a portion of
stem and buds are picked
 In Nepal, tea harvesting season is divided into 4
phases;
- 1st phase March , April
- 2nd phase May , June
- 3rd phase July, August
- 4th phase October ,November (winter
phase)
November 12, 2019 8

9. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Microscopic Identififcation:-
(i) T.S. of leaf: The leaf has anomocytic stomata on
the lateral side, unicellular non-grandular trichomes on
both surfaces, dorsiventral mesophyll, calcium oxalate
druses, biconvex midrib and plain-convex petiole, both
transversed by a collateral vascular bundle
(ii) T.S. of stem: The stem shows uniseriate
epidermis, sub-dermal layer of dehydrated cells,
sclerenchyma sheath, collateral vascular organization
and pith consisting of parenchymatic and
sclerenchymatic cells. Sclereids are found in the leaf
and stem
November 12, 2019 9

10. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Ref:Seran H.T, Hirimburegama K, et. Al. (2007) Journal of the National Science Foundation of Srilanka
10

11. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Macroscopic Identification:-
(i) Leaves : Simple, evergreen, alternate, lanceolate
to obovate, 4-15 cm long, 2-5 cm broad,
pubescent, sometimes glabrous, serrate and acute
(ii) Flowers: 1-3, racemose, white or pinkish,
actinomorphic, hermaphrodite; sepals and petals
5-7, stamens numerous; ovary 3-5 superior
(iii) Fruits: brownish-green containing 1 to 4
spherical or flattened seeds
November 12, 2019 11

12. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Macroscopic Identification:-
Source:Namita. P ,et al (2012)
12

13. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Macroscopic Identification:-
November 12, 2019 13
Source: Namita. P ,et al (2012)

14. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Ethnomedicinal Uses:-
Traditionally, green tea is used in
- Aches - Pains -Headache and
fever
- Depression -Inflammation -Vomiting and
diarrhea
- Hemorrhoid - Tiredness - Eye problems
 Rai and Limbu community of Illam district uses moist
mass of tea leaves to the body to relieve inflammation
 Rajbansi community uses the brevarage for digestion
purpose and for improving mental processes
November 12, 2019 14

15. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Modern medicinal uses:-
-Anti aging - Cardiovascular diseases
- Arthritis - Neurodegenerative diseases
-Diabetes - Different forms of cancer
- Skin disorder - Obesity and weight loss
November 12, 2019 15

16. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Major Chemical Constituents:-
A. Polyphenols
-Catechins -Epicatechin
-Gallocatechin -Epigallo-catechin
-Epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)
B. Alkaloids
- Caffeine -Theobromine -
Theophylline
C. Gallic acid
D. Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and essential oil
E. Inorganic elements (aluminium, fluorine,
manganese)Ref: Namita P et. al (2012)
16

17. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Source:N.Parmer, et al.(2012)
17

18. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
November 12, 2019 18
Vitamin C

19. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
1) Anti Alzheimer activity
 Studies in animal and cell culture models suggest
that EGCG from green tea affects several potential
targets associated with Alzheimer’s disease
progression
 EGCG prevents the formation of neurotoxic beta-
amyloid
and protects against beta-amyloid induced
neurotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons
November 12, 2019 19

20. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
2) Antiparkinson activity
 Study on animal models of Parkinson’s disease
have proved that EGCG significantly treats
parkinsonism
 EGCG when administered orally with a dose of 25
mg/kg to the animal models prevented from the
loss of Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia
nigra and preserved striatal levels of dopamine
November 12, 2019 20

21. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
3) Antistroke activity
 A population based prospective cohort study was
carried out over 11 years on 40,530 Japanese aged
40-79 years with no previous history of
cardiovascular disease
 The study showed the reduced risk of
cardiovascular disease and stroke was found to be
associated with increased consumption of green
tea
 A recent meta analysis found that people
consuming 3 -5 cups of green tea had 21% less
November 12, 2019 21

22. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
4) Anticancer activity
 Tea catechins have a preventive role against cancer
since it inhibits tumor cell proliferation as well as
promotes the destruction of leukaemic cells
 The study showed the reduced risk of
cardiovascular disease and stroke was found to be
associated with increased consumption of green
tea
 A recent meta analysis found that people
consuming 3 -5 cups of green tea had 21% less
chance of suffering from stroke
November 12, 2019 22
[Ref: Smith D.M., et.al(2001)]

23. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
5) Antioxidant activity1
 EGCG at a dose of 50mg/kg was found to exhibit a
significant antioxidant effect in rats since EGCG at
this dose protected against neurological deficit and
infarction due to focal ischemia.
6) Antidiabetic activity2
 The study showed that green tea lowered the
glucose level in the blood stream of diabetic mice
without affecting insulin level
23
1.Lee H, J.H. Bae , et.al.(2004)
2.Tsuneki H ,et.al.(2004)]

24. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
7) Obesity and weight loss
 Green tea extract standardized to 8.3% caffeine
and 24.7% Catechins have been shown to
stimulate adipose tissue in-vivo with thermo
genesis
 Long term ingestion of standardized tea Catechins
stopped the accumulation of body fat in mice with
high fat diet induced obesity[Ref: Dulloo A. , et.al(2000)]
 Oral consumption of green tea may protect
against obesity-related disorders such as
atherosclerosis, diabetes and hypertension 24

25. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
November 12, 2019
25
a) Total ash determined on
tea dried to a constant
weight at 100° C
4.0 %- 8.0% by weight
b) Total ash soluble in
boiling distilled water
≥ 40.0 % of total ash
c) Ash insoluble in HCL ≤ 1.0 % by weight
d) Extract obtained by boiling
dry tea with 100 parts of
distilled water for one hour
under reflux
≥ 32.0 %
Source: N.Parmer,et.al.(2012)

26. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
-Herbo organic Green Tea
-Diabetic Tea
-Green Tea Capsules
-Green Tea Shampoo
-Cosmetic products
Source:URL-http://www.medicinenet.com/green_tea_camella/article.htm
26

27. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
• Parmer N, Rawat M, Kumar JV(2012) Camellia
sinensis(Green tea): A Review, Global Journal of
Pharmacology,6, 52-59
 www.botanicalauthentication.org/index.php/Camel
lia_sinensis_(leaf)
 Seran H.T., Hirimburegama K. , et.al (2007)
Production of embroyogenic callus from leaf
explants of Camellia sinensis. Journal of the
National Science Foundation of Srilanka 35(3);191-
196
• URL:-
http://www.medicinenet.com/green_tea_camellia_s
inesis/article.htm(Accessed on June24,2018) 27

28. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
THANK YOU
November 12, 2019 28
For Your Kind Attention