2. Natural resources (economically referred
to as land or raw materials) occur naturally
within environments that exist relatively
undisturbed by mankind, in a natural form. A
natural resource is often characterized by
amounts of biodiversity existent in various
ecosystems. Natural resources are derived
from the environment.
A natural resource is anything people
can use which comes from nature. People
do not make natural resources, but gather
them from the earth. Examples of natural
resources are air, water, wood, crude oil,
solar energy, wind energy, hydro-electric
energy, and coal

3.  Any property of the physical environment, such as minerals,
or natural vegetation, which humans can use to satisfy their
needs
 Actual and potential forms of wealth supplied by nature,
such as coal, oil, wood, water power, and arable land
 The naturally occurring assets that provide use benefits
through the provision of raw materials and energy used in
economic activity
 Asset or material that constitutes the natural capital of a
nation. Natural resources require application of capital and
human resources (mental and physical labor) to be exploited
(extracted, processed, refined) for the realization of their
economic value

4. Natural resources are classified into two groups
 A renewable resource grows again or comes back again
after we use it. For example, sunlight, water, and trees
are renewable resources
 A non-renewable resource is a resource that does not grow or come
back, or a resource that would take a very long time to come back.
For example, coal is a non-renewable resource. When we use coal,
there is less coal afterward. One day, there will be no more of it to
make goods. The non-renewable resource can be used directly (for
example, burning oil to cook), or we can find a renewable resource to
use (for example, using wind energy to make electricity to cook). It is
important to conserve (save) non-renewable resources, because if
we use them too quickly there will not be enough

8. FOSSIL FUELS

10.  Some examples of natural resources include the
following:
 Air, wind and atmosphere
 Plants
 Animals
 Coal, fossil fuels, rock and mineral resources
 Forestry
 Range and pasture
 Soils
 Water, oceans, lakes, groundwater and rivers
 Solar power

13. Natural (mineral resources) are
backbone for the industrial
development of a country. These
resources play a dominant role in
accelerating in the pace of progress
and prosperity. Economic
development of an economy is not
possible without the availability of
mineral resources.

14. Mining is an important industry in Pakistan.
Pakistan has deposits of several minerals including
coal, copper, gold, chromite, mineral salt, bauxite
and several other mierals. There are also a variety of
precious and semi-precious minerals that are also
mined. These include peridot, aquamarine, topaz,
ruby, emerald, rare-earth minerals bastnaesite and
xenotime, sphene, tourmaline, and many varieties
and types of quartz

15. METALLIC MINERALS NON-METALLIC MINERALS
Iron ore coal
Copper sulphur
Antimony rock salt
Chromites barite
Celestite gypsum
Manganese soapstone
Gold fluoride
Tin limestone
Bauxite marble
clay

17. Coal:
Coal is used in thermal power station
and in furnaces for making bricks. About
80 percent of cement industry has now
switched over to indigenous coal from
furnace oil that has saved considerable
foreign exchange being spent on the
import of furnace oil. Quality of coal is
not very good. The coalfield in the Sindh
province has huge coal resources of
about 175 billion tones. In view of the
anticipated shortfall of electricity and
other energy resources during the next
10 years, the maximum utilization of coal
would be required in power generation
and gasification.

18. Natural Gas:
Natural gas is
used in domestic
cooking, thermal power
stations and steel
furnaces and as a raw
material for fertilizer
industry and in CNG kits
for transport purpose. It
is used almost in every
industry

19. Petroleum:
Petroleum or Crude, oil is used in
transport, power-generating stations, in iron and
steel furnace Petroleum is known as black liquid
gold. Of the total requirement only 40 percent is
produced with the country and the rest is
imported from abroad.

20. Lime Stone
Limestone is used in
manufacture of cement, lime,
soap, paper, bleaching
powder and glass. It is also
used in paint industries. It is
used in Glass making, in
some circumstances. It is
added to toothpaste, paper,
plastics, paint, tiles, and
other materials as both white
pigment and a cheap filler.
Used in blast furnaces,
limestone extracts iron from
its ore. It is often found in
medicines and cosmetics. It
is used in sculptures
because of its suitability for

21. Marble and Granite:
Marble is used for decoration in construction industry
and buildings. It is also used in sculpture. Colorless or light-
colored marbles are a very pure source of calcium carbonate,
which is used in a wide variety of industries. Finely ground marble
or calcium carbonate powder is a component in paper, and in
consumer products such as toothpaste, plastics, and paints

22. Rock Salt
Rock salt is used for cooking and
preservative purposes as well as in the
manufacture of soda ash, bicarbonate of soda,
caustic soda, etc. It is also used in textile and
tanning industries.

23. Gypsum:
Gypsum is used as a raw material in
industries. Gypsum is used in the manufacture of
cement, fertilizers and Plaster of Paris.

24. SOAPSTONE:
Soapstone (steatite)
is a kind of talc (gray to green
mineral found in rocks). It is
used in many ways. In
Pakistan it is used in the
manufacturing of soaps,
ceramics and face powder.
Soapstone is used for
sculpture. Soapstone is used
by craftsman and carpenters
as a marker because its marks
are visible and not permanent.

25.  BARITE:
 It is used in the manufacture of paints, glass,
insecticides and barium compound.

26. CLAY
In pakistan the important industrial clays are china
clay, fire clay, fullers earth and bentonite.
(1)CHINA CLAY:
China clay or koalin is used in the ceramic industry
(products made from clay and similar materials, as
pottery and brick) and for the manufacture of
special type of cement.

27. (2)FIRE CLAY:
Fire clay is used in refractories (bricks of various
shapes) , potteries and other chemicals
(3)FULLERS EARTH:
It is used in steel mills, oil filtering, oil refining
and sealing reservoirs.
(4)BENTONITE:
IT is used in the same way as fullers earth.

28. Sulphur:
It is the raw material used in various industries. it
is mainly used for sulphuric acid and in manufacturing
of explosives, paints, dyes, rayon (kind of cloth),
fertilizer and for refining petroleum

29.  MAGNESITE:
Magnesite is used in
manufacturing of
cement, paper,
rayon, fertilizer,
chemicls and drugs.

30. GEMSTONES:
Gemstones are mainly
used in jewellry, ornaments (thing that
adds to the beauty of a thing) and as
decoration articles.

32. Iron Ore
Iron ore is
used in making
steel,
construction,
engineering
products and
transport
industry.

33. Copper:
Copper, gold and silver are some highly
precious metals. They are used for making
ornaments, utensils and decorative articles.
Copper is used in electrical equipment, power
and communication transmission lines.

34. Chromites:
Chromite is used in making
engineering tools and stainless steel. It
provides stiffness (firmness) and electrical
resistance to steel.

35.  Mining is an important industry in Pakistan.
Pakistan has deposits of several minerals including
coal, copper, gold, chromite, mineral salt, bauxite
and several other minerals. There are also a variety
of precious and semi-precious minerals that are also
mined. These include peridot, aquamarine, topaz,
ruby, emerald, rare-earth minerals bastnaesite and
xenotime, sphene, tourmaline, and many varieties
and types of quartz.

37. COAL:
which is also named as black gold is
found into huge quantities in Thar,
Chamalang, Quetta and other sites. It is
available at Dandot, Makerwal, Harnai (Sindh).
GAS:
It is found in Sui, Attock, Pirkoh and
Kandhkot
PETEROLIUM:
Crude oil is found at Jhelum,
Rawalpindi, Badin, Attock and Mianwali

39. A COAL MINE IN PAKISTAN

40. SOUTHERN SUI GAS COMPANY
(SSGC) SITUATED IN
BALOCHISTAN

43. CHROMITES:
It is found at Chaghi,
Malakand and Zhob.
COPPER:
It is found at Sandak, Chaghi
IRON ORE:
It is found at Kalabagh, Chitral,
Hazara, Makerwal and Khuzdar.

44. A CHROMITE MINE AT CHAGAI

45. A COPPER MINE IN PAKISTAN

46. LIMESTONE:LIMESTONE:
It has rich deposits in the country.It has rich deposits in the country.
Lime stone is found at Hyderabad, PotoharLime stone is found at Hyderabad, Potohar
plateau, margala hills, derajat and at Khewraplateau, margala hills, derajat and at Khewra
Salt range.Salt range.
MARBLE:MARBLE:
Marble deposits are found atMarble deposits are found at
mullagory on Peshawar-mullagory road in Khybermullagory on Peshawar-mullagory road in Khyber
agency. Marble deposits are also found at swabiagency. Marble deposits are also found at swabi
(mardan district) and swat, marble is also found(mardan district) and swat, marble is also found
in the eruptive zone in chagai area.in the eruptive zone in chagai area.

47. A LIMESTONE MINE IN POTOHAR
PLATEAU

48. ROCK SALT:
It is found mainly in salt ranges.its
mines are at khewra, warcha and kalabagh.mining is
done at jatta, bahadurkhel and karak.
GYPSUM:
It is found at Hazara, Kohat, D.G.Khan and
dandot .
SULPHUR:
Its deposits have been found at extinct
volcano KOH-E-SULTAN in chagai district of
balochistan

49. KHEWRA ROCK SALT MINES IN
PAKISTAN

50. A SULPHUR MINE IN PAKISTAN

52.  What is a natural resources?
 The naturally occurring assets that provide use benefits through
the provision of raw materials and energy used in economic
activity
 Give some examples of natural resources?
 Some examples of natural resources include the following:
 Air, wind and atmosphere
 Plants
 Animals
 Coal, fossil fuels, rock and mineral resources
 Forestry
 Soils
 Water, oceans, lakes, groundwater and rivers
 Solar power

53.  What is a renewable resource and give some
examples?
 A renewable resource grows again or comes back
again after we use it. For example, sunlight, water,
and trees are renewable resources
 Give some names of mineral resources found in
Pakistan?
 Pakistan has deposits of several minerals including
coal, copper, gold, chromite, mineral salt, bauxite
and several other mierals.

54.  What is the econmic importance of fossil fuels?
 Fossil fuels are used to generate heat which
provide energy. This energy is used in domestic
cooking, thermal power stations and steel
furnaces and as a raw material for fertilizer
industry and as a fuel for transport purpose. It is
used almost in every industry to run the
machines, generate electricity etc.
 What are fossil fuels? Name them.
 Coal, oil, gas and nuclear power together are
called fossil fuels.

55.  Give three names of each metallic and non-
metallic minerals.
 Example:Metallic minerals>(1)iron ore (2) Copper
(3) Antimony
 Non-metallic minerals:(1)coal (2)sulphur
(3)rock salt
 Name the given mineral
 Gypsum

56.  From which basic material this
sculpture is made?
 Soapstone.
 How many types of clay are found in pakistan
name them.
 4 types of clays are found in pakistan which
are:1-china clay,2-fire clay,3- Fullers earth and 4-
bentonite.

57. CONTENTS OF PRESENTATIONCONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
NATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL RESOURCES
 What is a natural resource DONE
 Classification of natural resources with examples
DONE
 Main natural resources of pakistan (forests,
water resources, mineral resources and soils)
DONE
 Economic importance of mineral resources in
pakistan DONE
 Distrbution of mineral resources in pakistan
DONE