2. • Important characters of order Hemiptera and
their important families
GROUP-7
PREPARED AND SUBMITTEED BY:
148‐ Shweta Mishra
151‐ Kumari Shruti
152‐ Diksha
154‐ Anubhav
155‐ Shashi Prakash
ASSIGNED BY:
DR. ANURAG TAYDE
3. Order Hemiptera- True bugs
Hemi- half, pteron – wing; largest order in Exopterygota
Fifth largest order of insects
Mouth parts piercing and sucking type – Both mandibles
and maxillae are stylet-like, housed in segmented, sheath-
like labium, labrum is small. Both labial and maxillary palpi
absent.
Forewings either hemelytra (in suborder Heteroptera) or
uniformly membranous or thickened (suborders
Auchenorrhyncha and Sternorrhyncha), aptery common.
Undergo incomplete metamorphosis, but Aleurodidae and
Coccoidea undergo complete metamorphosis
5. • Economically an important order and contain major insect pests.
• Contain predators of other insects and parasites of animals and man
and transmit some of the deadly diseases of these.
• They inhabit soil, water, and various parts of plants.
Phytophagous species make their hosts stunted, some cause
galls and some inject toxins thus causing necrotic legions.
• Many species act as vectors of plant pathogens like
viruses, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, bacteria, fungi
etc.
• Hemipterans mimic ants, wasps, beetles, moths etc. For example
• Dulichius inflatus mimics the ant Polyrhachis
spiniger. A few also are attended and taken care
byants.
• Aphids have a complex life cycle.
7. Hemiptera - four suborders namely Sternorrhyncha,
Auchenorrhyncha, Coleorrhyncha and Heteroptera.
Sternorrhyncha:
Absence of vannus or vanal fold in hind wing
Tarsi 2 or 1 segmented, antennae many segmented without terminal arista
Base of labium arising from back of head
Radius, Media and Cubitus fused basally
Tarsi 2-segmented, antennae cryptic.
Found in temperate forests of New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and
South America
Heteroptera
1-4 pairs of scent glands on abdominal terga of nymphs
Labium inserted anteriorly on head and with distinct gula
Auchenorrhyncha
Antenna three segmented with flagellum terminated
by arista
Tarsi 3 segmented
Produce sound by tymbals.
Fulgoromorpha
Coleorrhyncha
Cicadomorpha
Coleorrhyncha
Heteroptera
Sternorrhyncha
Sternorrhyncha
17. Cicadidae (Cicadas)
• Large size, 3 ocelli
• Nymphs live underground
where they feed on the
roots of trees and
shrubs.. Males produce
loud songs to attract a
mate.
• Periodical cicada live for
13 or 17 years
• Nymphs are root feeders
• Egg laying injury seen on
trees and shrubs
26. Heteroptera is divided into 7 infra orders. These are
Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, gerromorpha,
Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha
Enicocephalomorpha: Head divided into anterior and posterior
rounded lobes
Foretibia dilated with one or two tarsal segments. Enicocephalidae
Gerromorpha: Semiaquatic bugs with hydrofuge hairs and preapical
claws
Forewings not divided into corium and membrane: Gerridae,
Hydrometridae
Gerromorpha Gerridae
Enicocephalidae
29. Reduction of median spermatheca and
hence haemocoelic fertilization; aeropyles
and micropyles in the eggs arranged in a
ring outside the operculum:
Reduviidae, Tingidae, Miridae, Nabidae,
Anthocoridae, Cimicidae, Polyctenidae
Cimicomorpha
31. Pentatomorpha
Usually have 2 or 3 trichobothria on abdominal sternites;
cephalic pole of the eggs with micropolar process:
1. Pentatomiodea (Pentatomidae, Scutelleridae,
Tessaratomidae, Cydnidae, Dinidoridae)
2. Lygaeoidea [Lygaeidae (now split into 14 valid families),
Geocoridae]
3. Pyrrhocoroidea (Pyrrhocoridae, Largidae)
4. Coreoidea (Coreidae, Alydidae, Rhopalidae)
