Project for ARC 211 at UB

1. University at Buffalo – State University of New York
ARC 211 – American Diversity and Design – Spring 2017
Online Discussion Questions
Shawn Vacanti
https://diversitynursing.com/a-more-diverse-america-needs-health-care-adjustments/

2. Introduction
This thread provides you with an opportunity to "meet" each other and initiate a connection with
participants in your group. In responding to this discussion thread, please introduce yourself and
provide us with one interesting fact about yourself. After posting your introduction, take a look
through and reply to some of the others. The purpose of this exercise is to develop a sense of
community. You might find that you share similar experiences and can help each other in many
ways throughout the semester.
Hi everyone, I'm Shawn and I'm currently a freshman electrical engineering student at UB. I
was born and raised in Buffalo and I'm a big sports fan. One day I hope to run and own a
business, as well as travel the world. I’ve always had interest in designing things and
therefore I always thought I would like architecture but never had the chance to try it. During
the course of the semester, I was able to learn new things about the design world, society,
and myself. Architecture and design in general goes way deeper than just aesthetics and
function. One has to take in to account many different factors including equality for all and
societal standards. I found learning about how the differences among everyone have to be
taken in to account when designing a public space. I believe some of my views on how people
with disability or different ideals are restricted by many public designs and that their needs
have to be considered at all times.
The following pages document my responses to the online discussion questions in the Spring 2017 version of ARC 211
American Diversity and Design at the University at Buffalo – State University of New York.
Source: Shawn Vacanti

3. Response to "What is design?" from Hello World
The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one of the most powerful and enduring empires in the
history of China. She explained how design innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For example, in the development of weaponry, he
resolved many problems by standardizing parts, and this single innovation gave his armies great advantage over other armies.
For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S. Describe an innovation or invention (can be current or historical) that gave
advantage to a group of people in the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of this innovation? Were any groups
negatively impacted by this innovation?
The innovation of the factory system, brought up by the industrial revolution, advantaged companies and countries by allowing them to create products
cheaper and more efficient than ever before. There was an economic boom, but the social impact was that people often left their farms to work in
developing urban centers, causing an overwhelming amount of people to live in poor, crowded conditions. Many unskilled workers benefited from
finding work but also were negatively impacted as poor conditions such as low wages, long hours and child labor were often relied upon.
http://industrialrevolutionwhap.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/3/6/23360814/9911989_orig.jpg

4. Response to "Introduction" from Diversity and Design
The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals and public citizens alike, yields more equitable results.” This
makes sense, but typically has not been the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups have impacted design in ways that have changed our visual
and physical worlds as well as our systems, policies, and institutions. For example, in the 1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to
raise awareness about barriers in the physical environment. They persisted with their efforts for decades, and, finally, in 1990, the Americans with
Disabilities Act became law. It mandated accessibility in public accommodations such as restaurants and stores, public transportation, communication,
and other areas of public life. This dramatically changed our physical environment (from curb cuts to ramps to automatic doors) and the results made
public life more equitable.
Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How and why did it change form and/or circumstances?
Medicine bottles are now required by law to have safety locks, like pushing down to open, so that small children cannot consume pills or liquids that could
easily kill them. For children are to young to read or understand right from wrong, a pill could easily look like a piece of candy. There was a history of
children accidentally consuming dangerous chemicals and medicine and it lead to the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970, helping to prevent future
incidents.
http://a.abcnews.com/images/Health/GT
Y_pill_bottle_kab_140618_16x9_992.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/wmby4pZPxkQ/ToBMtkABahI/AA
AAAAAAB8o/GUsbPnZIqKg/s1600/old-medicine-bottles.jpg

5. Response to Media/Society Chapter and TED Talk on Photographs
Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram entitled “Model of Media and the
Social World”? Identify a mass media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an icon of an event. (Feel free to add an attachment.)
What roles does this photo play in the communication of the event?
The iconic images from Photos That Changed the World should be placed in the "Media message or product" box in the diagram. The photographs are
media in themselves but also hold stronger messages with context. These photographs were created by the media industry but their impact influence the
industry itself. Also the masses, the public audience, are heavily influenced by the photographs and their messages. These images leave lasting impressions
on people and provide a visualization when concerning an event.
One photograph that I believe is iconic to the 21st Century is that of NYC Firefighters raising an American flag on the rubble and ruins of the World Trade
Center. Even though this photograph doesn't capture the devastation or terror of the attacks on September 11, 2001, it does leave an impact on people
and serves as a reminder of the day no one could possibly forget. This photo communicates the message that we are a nation of unity and that no matter
what happens, the flag, the United States, the people, will still be standing strong and can overcome anything.

6. Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design
FROM: “Fashioning Protest for the Women’s March on Washington” and “The Worst Design of 2016 Was Also the Most Effective”
NOTE: Use the first three part of the SEE-IT method of critical thinking (State, Elaborate, Exemplify) to address the following questions:
Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or social media. However, the two hats (red and pink) discussed in the articles certainly
have taken on that role. Why are the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of communication design? What meanings do each of
the two hats carry? In terms of communication design, how are they similar? And how are they different from one another?
The two hats discussed in the articles represent more than meets the eye. They are symbolic in themselves, providing meaningful ideals of those who
wear them. Political and social views are quickly communicated in person and in the media just by sporting a simple hat. The red trucker hat, with the
slogan "Make America Great Again" printed clearly across the front, symbolizes the goals of Donald Trump in the midst of the 2016 election. Rooting from
of Republican President Ronald Reagan's slogans, Donald Trump sought to capture the ideals of the conservative, patriotic, middle-class working people
and did it with a seemingly poorly designed baseball cap. The pink knit hat, part of the "Pussyhat Project" has no writing to market slogan, however, does
have cat ears on top, representing the feminist, anti-trump ideals of many liberal women. Similarly, both hats capture the attention of their supporters,
adversaries, and everyone in between. They mean more than just a fashion statement, their simplistic designs hold a meaning, a theme of hope and pride
for their respective movements and ideals. The difference between these hats is much deeper than just appearance and slogans. It's the supporters
behind them and their opposing viewpoints and vision for the country and the world, socially and politically.
http://cdn.tegna-tv.com/-mm
/bf36b4c6941ee8531d0aa6cc129086fad95ded7c/r=
x404&c=534x401/http/www.gannett-cdn.com
https://www.interweave.com/wp-
content/uploads/GettyImages-631911020.jpg

7. Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The Incredible Inventions of Intuitive AI" by Maurice Conti
In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the methods of mass production introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S. involved
new concepts of the standardization and integration of the production line that were adopted across the world. With Ford’s method, work could be completed by
relatively unskilled workers; it was more efficient and with this method, products were made more quickly and cheaply than previously possible. What were some of
the social consequences of Ford’s production line? In other words, how did this system change our U.S. society? Do any of those changes remain with us today? Now
consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he makes about production. How do you think manufacturing processes will change in the next twenty years?
How do you think these changes will affect our U.S. society?
Henry Ford's method of standardization led to lower costs, better quality products, and higher worker productivity. With only unskilled labor required, more people were
able to get jobs and therefore had more money to spend in the economy. This creates a cycle of spending that fuels our economy, sparked by Henry Ford and his
systematic approach to manufacturing. I believe this worldwide adoption of techniques led to greater technologies and allowed designers to create more variety, creating
products to compete in the market place, for people's needs. The ability to create great amounts of a product cheaper than ever before, allowed designers to come about,
and opened boundaries on materials and overall ideas that could never have efficiently been used before. These changes all still remain prevalent today, ideas, products,
and technologies are forever adapting to society's desires. Henry Ford's manufacturing processes paved the way for designers to focus upon the desires of society, shaping
our whole world and interests.
In the next 20 years, I believe our society and world will change so dramatically in terms of technology, design and the way we think. Maurice Conti showed past changes
throughout history and we now live in an age where everything we develop is more advanced and rapidly evolving. Just think about how phones have changed in the last
decade compared to how raw technology slowly developed centuries ago. As Conti points out, computers maintain information better than us and can actually learn and
reason like a human being. I believe that design will still rely upon the visions of society and individuals but will rely heavily upon technology to develop. Except designers
and engineers, etc, I believe that manufacturing jobs could be completely wiped out by robots and technology that could produce things faster and cheaper than any
human ever could. This may result in our society lacking creativity and jobs but will also give us the time, resources and opportunity to create greater things and solve the
world's biggest, unimaginable problems.
http://theoldmotor.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/1932-
Fords-On-The-Assembly-Line-1080x650.jpg

8. Response to IDEA Awards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video
NOTE: Use the first three part of the SEE-IT method of critical thinking (State, Elaborate, Exemplify) to address the following questions:
Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept developed by architect William McDonough and chemist Dr.
Michael Braungart? How does this product resist or disregard the concept? Provide an example of any products that embrace Cradle-to-Cradle design,
please describe and cite.
The VARD Offshore Subsea Construction Vessel Concept is one IDEA gold award product that defies the Cradle-to-Cradle concept. This product fails to satisfy
the idea of being a product in a cycle or reusable materials as it doesn't specify what and how it is produced. It also was developed to extract oil and gas
from the Earth which is not creating or using reusable energy, and therefore is harming the Earth. A product that I learned about that embraces the ideas of
the Cradle-to-Cradle concept is a 3D Printer created through the RepRap project. The 3D printer is able to use melted plastic, even of itself, and produce
anything, most interestingly, itself. If the printer needs a replacement part or another printer is required, the broken printer can be melted down and turned
back into itself. This is a continuous cycle of plastic materials and could use renewable energy for power. (https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7165-3d-
printer-to-churn-out-copies-of-itself/)
https://newswatchtv.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/cubify_cube_lifest_2690340b.jpg

9. Response to All Module 4 Materials
Your readings and viewings this week present different ways of thinking about architecture. Mies Van der Rohe describes architecture as “The will of the epoch
translated into space.” Andrew Ballantyne describes architecture as the background for life. Jeanne Gang describes it as the act of building relationships. All agree
that architecture can change based on context and culture. Choose two works of architecture from any of your materials this week—one with sensibilities about the
past and one with sensibilities about the present and/or future. How do each of these buildings either reflect or challenge their cultural contexts? (Use the SEE-IT
method to respond to this question.)
I believe that the Virginia State Capitol building is one work of aarchitecture that has sensibilities about the past. When Thomas Jefferson was designing the building, he
didn't want it to resemble any other building in the United States. He wanted it to signify independence from Britain and therefore not use architectural ideas from the
King, like every other government building. Instead Jefferson wanted the building to resemble Roman architecture, will prominent columns that separate it from British
colonial architecture. By using Roman-Greco ideas, Jefferson challenged the cultural context of the time, creating a government building unlike the others. Not only did
this building have inspirations from the past, but once built, it provided inspiration for new building all over the country.
The Dulles International Airport in Chantilly, VA is one example of an architectural work that had sensibilities about the future. In the 1950s and 60s airplanes were
evolving, from prop planes to large jets and airports were not originally designed to accomodate larger aircraft. The architects of Dulles International Airport wanted this
airport to be revolutionary, making air travel faster and more efficient for passengers. Most airports required travelers to walk long distances in order to get to their
loading station and the architects wanted to fix this. They designed the airport so that all the planes would not be docked in the same area, and had trolley lounges that
would allow the passengers to relax as well as take them to their flight. This decreased congestion and made traveling by airplane easier. Another way this structure was
designed for the future was that the aesthetic appearance was something no one had seen before. New methods of construction allowed the architects to make a heavy
concrete roof look floating on top of the windows. The architect, Eero Saarinen recognized the beauty of flight and incorporated it in to his design while also providing a
more efficient airport system for others to replicate.
http://www.metwashairports.com/image/iad_dusk.jpg

10. Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles
Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about architecture that seem to value the sensorial and material elements of life. How are
Ballantyne’s and Zumthor’s viewpoints on architecture alike? More importantly, how do they differ? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this
question.)
Ballantyne and Zumthor both realize that architecture plays are major role in everyone's life and that the human interaction with structures is very
important. These architects look at how people perceive buildings and how it affects their lives. Andrew Ballantyne focuses his work on what people see
and subconsciously think in terms of architecture. He believes that the environment and systems around a strucure are crucial in its design and identity. He
feels that we often overlook the intricate designs of buildings as we use them in our daily lives, forming habits. Peter Zumthor however, takes notice of the
art and materialistic qualities of architecture. Focusing on the visual aspect of a work and the overall design/shape of a structure. These architects share
common viewpoints but also believe the way that we perceive architecture can be very different. Ballantyne focuses on the systematic design of a strucutre
and how it works within an environment while Zumthor focuses on how architecture is a visual art form.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-INTnDe2AEDo/UfBHhHprotI/AAAAAAAAoDM/YoGz9p2-
93s/s1600/Peter+Zumthor+.+Werkraum+House+.+Bregenzerwald+(1).jpg

11. Response to Levy Article
John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which planning can determine the characteristics of a place. For example,
some smaller towns restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale. How did planning define the character of the place in which you grew
up?
I grew up, and still live in, Lancaster, NY which is about 15 minutes from UB. Lancaster is a relatively large community composed of the Town of Lancaster as
well as the Village of Lancaster. Lancaster surrounds a small neighboring town, the Village of Depew, and they are so close that we share infrastructure and
areas such as parks. The Town of Lancaster, Village of Lancaster, and Village of Depew Comprehensive Plan (February 2000) is a comprehensive plan that
was made by the three municipalities to place community development above competition. Subdivision planning, community services such as libraries,
recreation, school districts, government and more are covered under this extensive plan. In the Village of Lancaster, there have been great strides to protect
and maintain the historical buildings, houses, and architecture in general. The Village has a strip of historic buildings and they wanted to highlight these
buildings of great character and uniqueness. While working as an intern in the village, my employer was refacing the outside of their building to restore its
historic qualities, as the local government was actually granting them money to subsidize the project. Lastly, the school district in Lancaster is setup so that
elementary schools are spread all around but their is only one middle school and one high school. There were talks of creating a second high school based
upon the distance from one side of town but the community voted against it to keep the school and its programs strong.
http://www.lancastervillage.org/uploads/1/0/
2/0/102057392/central-ave-pre-parade.jpg

12. Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson
Imagine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen (author of “Design That Enables Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the
TED Talk "Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee of you have been tasked with developing a plan to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials
told the three of you that that they want to do it right this time. Identify three strategies for rebuilding Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise to be more successful. What
would Talen do? What would Larson do? What would you do? How would your strategies differ from those of the original urban planners/designers of the project?
Why would your strategies be more effective?
Emily Talen would rebuild Pruitt Igoe in order to promote diversity, of different races, beliefs and incomes. There were many problems when the buildings were
segregated, not integrating diversity. Communication and "place diversity" as Talen describes would lead to less friction, less fighting and the community could prosper
from that. At Dr. Powell's lecture, he talked about how when groups of people are created, they often believe their group is superior and act as if it is a competition with
other groups. Even when no objective or real differences exist between the groups, they still are bias to their own groups ideas. Coexisting can lead to better
communication, production, and overall well-being in the community.
Kent Larson would set out to push change in comfort and and functionality of spaces. Larson believed in maximizing the potential of a space, turning a small apartment
into a space that can be used for work, leisure and living. He also believed in community unity and promoting growth through environment design. In the original design,
there was no ability for people to go out and meet others, forming positive relationships. So Larson would create common spaces like a university where people can share
ideas and interests, reducing friction between groups.
One of the major reasons for demise of the original complex was the financial structure of the project. Tenants were used to pay for the facility but these people were
poor and lead to poor living conditions. With no funds to maintain the community, it was ridiculed by crime and empty rooms used for drugs. I believe that there should
be a system where there are jobs available on site for these people to earn money and pay for rent. By providing jobs, the facilities could be maintained and allow the
people to afford living there. The money would go mostly back into the tenants pockets and not outsourcing, leaving the project with a lack of funds. Unlike the original
system, this would promote community and teamwork between all the people as they would all work to keep their living situation clean and comfortable. This financial
strategy coupled with the community approaches displayed by Larson and Talen could lead to a successful rebuild of the Pruitt-Igoe housing complex.
http://designerlythinking.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/pruitt-igoe.jpg

13. Response to F.L. Olmsted
Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to its
streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this claim? Would Olmsted still make that claim
today? Why or why not?
Olmsted stated that Buffalo was the best planned city because of how it was connected. From the roadways to Olmsted's parks system, they were all
connected, bringing the whole city and its communities together. They were able to fit 3 parks throughout the developing city and connect them in a way
that you could always be near a park. From the three connected parks in the heart of the city to Niagara Falls to the roadways, the city was designed to be
more efficient and improve the well being of the people. In Dr. Powell's lecture at UB, he stated that one's environment and community has a huge impact
on personal health, and Olmsted's designs were inspired by the same idea.
I don't believe that Olmsted would make this claim today but I do feel that some new aspects of Buffalo support his original vision. Due to technological
advances and societal progress, the city required updating and supporting systems. Olmsted didn't plan for cars to be traveling at 55 mph through the city
but new transportation technology has brought this change. The Kensington Expressway is one example of a change that completely contradicted Olmsted's
vision as cuts right through the city destroying many neighborhoods. The demand for better roadways has caused many changes to original designs but the
original ideas are still prevelant in designing for the future of the city. The waterfront and Canalside is an improvement to the city that I believe Olmsted
would commend. The recent improvements to the waterfront and creation of Canalside have given people the opportunity for leisure as well as taking part
in the numerous activities giving new life to Buffalo. These ideas have sparked better economic activity in the city as well helping the population deficit the
city was facing.
https://tse2.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.Wf
ELvF3yh32q_Ggd-tR0mgEsDh&pid=15.1

14. Response to Walter Hood's Work
Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your hometown. Imagine that you are the person who will oversee this
project, and that you are using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the project. What would your landscape intervention
commemorate/memorialize? How will you use Hood's 'triad of investigations' to design a new landscape intervention? What do you imagine that the
design will be? (Either written or visual descriptions are acceptable).
Not necessarily in my hometown, but I think that the site of the Memorial Aud, where the Sabres and the Braves used to play, should be memorialized.
There are plans of building a casino on the site but I think that a small memorial park focused on our sports and event history would better suit the city.
Buffalo is a city that is passionate about its sports and even though the facility is already torn down, I believe Walter Hood would advocate a green area,
park-like space that builds upon the history of the site. Nature is a strong inspiration for Hood's work and therefore integrating this into a memorial design
would represent his work. Statues of famous players, the old building or plaques could be built around with a small garden. If still available, bricks and
rubble from the site may be even salvaged to create a walkway surrounded by a green setting in the heart of the city. I believe this would greatly represent
Buffalo's history and commemorate the fans, the players, and the city as a whole.
https://tse4.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.yVe3
zuvDENP4kl9oBOhAcgEsD4&pid=15.1

15. Response to the Brookes
The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that explore issues of
race and power. It was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and the Committee of the Abolition of
Slavery used it to inform and shock the public. While some consider the poster as an important component
of the abolitionist campaign, it recently “has been strongly criticized by some individuals and groups of
African heritage as providing a very limited view of the history of the transatlantic slave trade, resistance and
abolition (Hudson 2007).” The lesson here is that how a viewer sees an image is dependent upon his/her
social, economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find another iconic graphic that addresses racial
issues and post it for others in your group to view. How do you interpret the graphic? What is its meaning?
Now imagine that someone from a racial and cultural background different than your own is looking at the
same graphic. Briefly describe this person. How might s/he interpret its meaning? How might this differ from
your interpretation? What are the possible reasons for these differences?
In 1968, Tommie Smith and John Carlos of the U.S. Olympic team won 1st and 3rd place medals respectively, in
the 200 meter race. During this time, race relations were still very poor as blacks were not treated equally to
whites in society. To protest and raise attention, the two athletes raised their fists in the air during the National
Anthem, a "human rights salute" in the words of Smith. They both wore black gloves as well as no shoes and
black socks to symbolize black poverty. Smith also wore a black scarf for black pride and Carlos wore a necklace
with beads that in his words, "were for those individuals that were lynched, or killed and that no-one said a
prayer for, that were hung and tarred. It was for those thrown off the side of the boats in the Middle Passage."
The two made a very brave and important statement on arguably the world's largest stage. The athletes were
booed and criticized, becoming banned from the Olympic Village and suspended from the US team. Despite
being mistreated in the US, they still went out and won medals for the US. They showed that are equal and can
achieve anything no matter how many people or government officials try to bring them down. Being a white
male, I see this graphic and visualize a dark spot in our history where the white majority was mistreating or
ignoring the equality and accomplishments of blacks. I see two brave men standing for what is right. Today
these protests are still going on because racism is still prevalent in our society, whether it be the intentional or
unconscious. Someone of a different race or religion may see this graphic in the same light but also as a sense of
hope. One might be in a situation where they face discrimination everyday and this gives them pride and hope
to stand for what is right, equality.

16. Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign's Work
Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History and Culture using equityXdesign’s core beliefs and/or design
principles. (Use the beliefs or principles that are most relevant to your critique rather than all of them.)
A major criticism of the MLK Memorial is the 30 ft tall statue of MLK himself. One way that this statue goes against the equityXdesign principles is that it
was designed by Lei Yixin, who was not black, nor was he even American. I don't believe that the black community was involved enough in the design of the
memorial. It doesn't focus on MLKs beliefs and life but on him as a hero or figure. I believe that to follow the core beliefs of equityXdesign, the memorial
should not only focus more on MLKs struggles and ideals for the world but also to "speak to the future". The memorial is focused on MLK as a figure but it
should also portray his vision to change the way people think and provoke change. The memorial should serve not only as a reminder but as a vision for
equality in a border-less future.
http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/early-morning-at-
the-martin-luther-king-jr-memorial--washington-dc-brendan-reals.jpg

17. Response to "Landscape Stories" Chapter
First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors) that you think of as representative of your own ethnic background and
discuss why you consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object in your home that you think of as representative of your ethnic background and discuss
why this object is considered to be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this object or place something that you will keep or continue when you establish your own
home? Why or why not?
Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how landscape architects develop a historical narrative that sifts through and
interprets the culture and material of underrepresented groups. Think about the community where you grew up. Describe and discuss any evidence of cultural
influences on the physical environment in your community. If possible, describe evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible, add
photo/s.) Is this cultural influence being acknowledged or preserved from future generations? Why or why not?
I wouldn't say that my house obviously shows my ethnic backgrounds because I do not have a predominant ethnicity from either side of the family. One thing that shows
the German from my maternal side of the family is a cuckoo clock in the family room. Also I would say that the dinner and desserts that my mother and grandmother
prepare show the German heritage. Since it is currently Lent, my family often makes fasnachts which are like fried doughnuts and potato pancakes which both have
distinct German/European influence. I believe that I would like to carry down the recipes from the Italian, Polish and German sides of my family, as not only is the food
amazing, it reminds me of my ancestry.
In my community, a lot of the ethnic influences come from the local protestant and catholic churches, often German and Polish. As it is not so prominent in the suburb of
Lancaster, if you make a short drive downtown you can find huge influences. Especially during festivals and holidays, you will see how people still embrace their
ethnicities. From St. Patrick's Day Parade to Greek Fest, there are great gatherings in which the whole community often participates. I believe that these ethnic traditions
will be preserved for many, many years to come due to the high concentrations of several ethnic groups in Buffalo and the surrounding areas.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
H_afHxlCCKg/T91X7df87GI/AAAAAAAAAG8/A9wlm
mnz3Lc/s1600/Potato-pancake.jpg
http://boredommd.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/01/Buffalo-St-Patricks-Day-
Parade-March-16-2014-Buffalo-NY.jpg

18. Response to Article on Sports Branding
Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is just one example of the larger controversy, but it
receives the most public attention due to the name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in modern dictionaries, and the prominence of the
team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding designers use ethnic references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)?
Why? Why not? What are some of the complexities of this issue?
I went to Lancaster High School and at the end of my Junior year, the name Lancaster Redskins was replaced with Lancaster Legends. I was able to
experience the controversy first hand and I found it interesting that most of the people fighting against the name were not Native American. Many people
with Native American ancestry were asked about how they felt and most weren't offended and some even embraced the name. I feel that branding a team
under an ethnic reference doesn't show disrespect but actually honors those under the ethnicity. A "Redskin" is portrayed as a strong, fearless fighter,
paying respect to the Native American Indian history. Most of the teams branded in such a way have had their name and logos for decades and I do not
believe that they should have to be changed unless the majority of that ethnic group find it offensive.
Personally, I didn't really have a strong opinion on the name change as many did in my town. I do agree that we should no longer be naming teams with
terms that could be found offensive. Our society is very sensitive nowadays so even if the original name wasn't intended to be derogatory, there will
definitely be people against the name. If there is any question in the origin of a name, it should probably not be used.
https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.CAR2dmFmU0dvnUSPF8nHYgEsCo&pid=15.1

19. Response to "Visualizing Gender" Chapter
In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy approaches: 1) get the idea, and 2)
stories in data. Find a new example of either of the two visual advocacy approaches to gender issues, and post it in this thread. Cite the source.
First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer uses the approach to communicate a gender issue. Is the approach effective in this example?
Why or why not? How could this graphic be improved? (Limit your response to 200 words.)
The designer is using the "get the idea" approach. Today everyone has to come to the reality, whether they like it or not, that transgender people are a
reality. We cannot deny these humans from using the bathroom that they feel most comfortable in. We need to look past just make and female and
recognize others who are different. this design is effective in conveying that transgender rights are human rights and need to be acknowledged.

20. Response to Bathroom Bill
Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local LGBT anti-discrimination laws, and required people to use the bathroom that
corresponded with the biological gender written on their birth certificates. This prompted massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You know, we all have to make
adjustments in life. And we’ve had the proper etiquette situation for decades in our country, and all of a sudden through political correctness we’re throwing away
basic etiquette.” Just this past Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while placing a moratorium on nondiscrimination
measures.
Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender written on their birth certificate? State why AND state why not. In other
words, to receive full credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both sides of the issue. As a designer, how would you solve this gender dilemma?
Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.
Why? I believe the main reason for this is for security and privacy reasons. If anyone was allowed to change bathrooms, it might make someone uncomfortable. You
wouldn't want your 6 year old daughter using the same restroom as a 50 year old man. It is not that the transgender people would make others uncomfortable but more
for the reason of predators and security.
Why not? On the other side, Transgender people would feel uncomfortable in a bathroom they do not feel is their sex. If we want to be separated by gender, they should
be able to as well. If a female predator wanted to go In to a men's restroom, nothing is stopping them, so neutral bathrooms are not going to "open any doors" for more
predators.
Idea: I think that transgender people should be able to use the bathroom that they identify with because that does not require changes in infrastructure. The only
problem is peoples current ideologies and everyone has to come to the realization that transgender is real and we cannot deny them. If you are afraid to use the
bathroom with a transgender, then that is your problem.
https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.WWUBQROs-
C7XJPEdHvAcIQEsCo&pid=15.1

21. Response to Hidden Ways
Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary architecture that perpetuate what he calls urban spatial injustice: 1) stealthy, 2) slippery, 3)
crusty, 4) prickly, and 5) jittery. Go out into the city of Buffalo, and find/photograph two examples from the list of five. Identify what type of space
you’ve photographed and why it might discriminate against a specific population.
One example of a crusty space is the peace bridge from Buffalo to Canada. The border is easy to spot as the peace bridge is very large and Canada is only a
river width away. The problem is that there are many structural barriers/gates to cross the border along with guards. They take border control very seriously
and can discriminate against people who don’t own a passport, car, etc. Another urban design the can be categorized is Canalside. One major problem is
tha parking situation as there are many businesses and residences nearby with little parking garages in close proximity. For someone with a disability, it
would be difficult having to walk to the site from a far distance. Also, for those without a car or boat, it could be difficult reaching a certain section of the
area even though it is easily visible.
http://www.perkinseastman.com/project_3405885_buffalo_wat
erfront_canal_side
https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2010/04/22/are_our_cust
oms_officers_traumatizing_visitors.html

22. Response to People Like Us
After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy Crabtree took herself and her family off the welfare rolls. But her job cleaning bathrooms at a
local Burger King barely paid the bills. Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and become a teacher.
Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD (Integrated Planning and Design). You work on a team with planners,
urban designers, policy designers, architects, and social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a way for Tammy Crabtree and her family
(and others with situations similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves out of poverty. What will your team to do to help Tammy and her family achieve
their goals? What approach will your team take to address this difficult problem?
The first step would be trying to find Tammy a new source of income so that she can support herself and her family. Here current job isn’t the best for
her situation and she is older so it may be difficult seeking education and pursuing a career. I believe she should try moving closer to more jobs as there
are not many near her current home. By renting or finding a cheap temporary home in town, she could save money to purchase a new home. I’m sure
that in her situation, it is easy to get discouraged, especially in the job search, but she has a family that will motivate her and a past that she doesn’t
want to return to.
http://image.pbs.org/video-assets/pbs/people-
us/105325/images/Mezzanine_777.jpg.fit.344x192.jpg

23. Response to Carroll Article: “(Re)forming Regent Park: When Policy Does Not Equal Practice”
The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are several more phases to the project. What actions could be taken to ensure more social
integration for the older people living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent Park?
The goal of Regent Park was to make an integrated community of mixed people and incomes, in order to provide an economic and social revitalization. In a
new community, older people may feel out of place in a place that they used to know differently. I believe that these older people should be a part of the
design process, as they know what would best fit their needs and keep them socially, economically and physically active. Being nearby places seniors
frequent would be crucial as many have health issues and mobility issues. Being able to reach places they frequent and recreational facilities/parks would
allow seniors to interact and seek an independent life. Also I believe part-time employment opportunities for those in the community would allow the park
to be well kept and allow for more social interaction. The development of Regent Park hasn't created a more integrated community per the goal and by
giving seniors opportunities that everyone else has, they could be more active socially.
http://www.torontocitylife.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/regent-park-1-1200.jpg

24. Response to Enriquez TED Talk: “What Will Humans Look Like in 100 Years?”
For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two civilization, which alters fundamental aspects of the body. We are living longer than ever
before in human history. Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical technology, the possibility of living to 120 years of age and beyond is
quite possible for many of us in this D+D class. Assuming that his assertion is accurate, how do you think extended life spans will change our societies
and built environments? What new issues might designers face because of extended life spans?
I believe that with a growing life expectancy, the major problem we will encounter is that there will be a greater population that our current infrastructure
could not handle. Designers would have to find ways to fit more people into areas and minimize space required by roads, buildings, etc. One idea would be
making more skyscrapers, but a lot of people do not desire to live in apartments. I also believe that people will be retiring later so there will be great
number of people seeking employment and designers would need to account for more businesses and employment opportunities. I believe that we need to
help design and build up foreign countries, especially 3rd world countries that have no infrastructure, so that in the future they can sustain themselves. The
world is filled with unused areas and we need to find a way to inhabit these areas while still maintaining their natural environments.
http://sourceable.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/tallest-skyscrappers.jpg

25. Response to PPT, Smithsonian, and Roy
The two most frequently mentioned models of disability are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models. The medical model of disability views disability as a medical
‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. The social model of disability, in contrast, draws on the idea that it is society that disables people, through designing
everything to meet the needs of the majority of people who are not disabled. There is a recognition within the social model that there is a great deal that society can
do to reduce, and ultimately remove, some of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society, rather than the disabled person.
In the Smithsonian online exhibition, the story about the superhero hand, and Elise Roy’s TED Talk, you saw examples of ways to engage disability that use the social
model rather than the medical model. In the Disability and Design PowerPoint, you were introduced to the concept of Universal Design (UD) (sometimes called
inclusive design, design-for-all, or human-centered design). Certainly, UD embraces the social model of disability. In this same PowerPoint, you saw positive and
negative examples of each of the seven principles of universal design.
For the Module 12 Thread 1, please select one of the seven universal design principles, and post photographs that show both a positive and a negative example of the
principle. Then address the following question: How do your examples empower or disempower various people? Describe the specific features of the positive
example and the specific features of the negative example. Discuss ways that the positive example could be even further improved.
These photos display the positive and negative designs of equitable use in public restrooms. The equitable use universal design principle is focused on creating usable
designs for all people despite disabilities. On the right, we have a negative example where the stalls in the bathroom are too tight to accommodate those requiring a
wheel chair. On the left, there is an example of a wheelchair accessible restroom stall. Someone in a wheelchair would be able to park their chair inside the stall and there
are hand rails allowing them to stand and get on to the toilet. The current design of public restrooms could be improved by having more than just one accessible stall like
many restrooms have. Also, it may be difficult for some people to move from their wheelchair to the toilet and there could be a new toilet design allowing guests to not
have to get on their feet to use the bathroom.
http://mashable.com/2015/09/20/best-public-
toilets/#bdPnLlZqjuqz
https://www.simplemost.com/real-reason-public-
toilet-seats-u-shaped/

26. Response to Survey, FIXED, and Stelarc
Our 2017 Design-A-Baby survey yielded the following characteristics as indicated by a majority of you:
Sounds like an all-around lovely person!
Currently, we have the technology for you to choose many of the survey characteristics in your future child, and this ability to
choose poses some ethical questions. Of course, we all want the best for our own child. However, as we move into a more collective
situation, we need to consider how the consequences of majority choices for children might change who we are as a species.
In the film trailer FIXED, you were introduced to the dilemma of living in a culture in which the “science-fiction of human
enhancement” has become almost a way of life, from prenatal genetic screening to bionic body parts. In the video, “A Man with
Three Ears” you are introduced to an artist who is using current technology to move humans beyond their current abilities. Last
week, Juan Enriquez asked us if it is ethical to evolve the human body. All of these videos suggest that the concept of disability ‘as
we know it’ could cease to exist in the future.
What lessons do you think we should learn from history when thinking about emerging enhancement technologies and reproductive
technologies? What are some of the possible consequences (both positive and negative) of being able to design our bodies and the
bodies of our children? What ethical quandaries do these technologies pose?
Sex: Male (47%)
Hair Color: Dark Brown (22%)
Hair Texture: Wavy (33%)
Eye Color: Blue (26%)
Race: Caucasian (36%)
Height: 5’-10” to 6’-1” (45%)
IQ: 131-140 (20%)
Memory: Excellent (43%)
Athletic Ability: Excellent (43%)
Weight: Average (79%)
Disease Carrier: None (85%)
Beauty: Somewhat attractive (46%)
Empathy: Very empathetic (38%)
Creativity: Very creative (37%)
https://designerbabiesethics.files.wordpress.com/201
3/04/desisisi1.jpg?w=523&h=429
The introduction of new technologies concerning genetic modification comes with a debate on
ethics and a danger for human nature and society. Currently we do not have the laws on
restrictions the idea of genetic enhancement but we may need to in the future.
A positive of these technological advancements is the possibility of ridding genetics of disease or
disability. Preventing a fetus from having mental disability or reducing the chance of cancer down
the road would be huge positives. Society would be less pressed upon special need care and
people could live without fear of serious illness in their blood line.
A negative is that people could abuse the genetic power to create an ideal human or race. Being
unique from others is part of what makes us human and technology could allow us to change
that. It would be like creating a robot or a doll to your standards and not allowing your child to be
unique. Also, who would be able to have these procedures done? Would it be open to all or just
those who could afford it? This would create a society where the wealthy could make superior
children and live longer, obviously creating ethical tension.

27. Response to Titicut Follies
The state of Massachusetts tried to ban the 1967 documentary Titicut Follies, arguing that director Frederick Wiseman had violated the patients’ rights
by not getting written permission to film them. The case went to court, and Wiseman argued that he had consent from their legal guardian, the
institution. After a judge ruled in favor of the state, the legal appeals carried on for several years: in 1969, Massachusetts allowed the film to be shown
to doctors, lawyers, and health care professionals; in 1991, a superior court judge ruled it could be released for the “general public,” as privacy concerns
were no longer at issue, so many years later.
Should Wiseman have been allowed to film the residents of Bridgewater Massachusetts Correctional Facility? Why or why not? How might this film be
of value to designers (communication designers, product, designers, architects, interior designers, planners, landscape designers, systems designers,
and/or social designers)? In other words, what might they gain from this film that they could use in their work?
My first reaction is that he should not been able to film them as they were not able to give consent. I do believe that filming of the facility was needed and
people should have been able to see what was going on. The video could have been of significant value to the designers to positively effect the conditions
for the patients. The building had an unpleasant feeling and could have been changed when brought attention to. Socially the patients could have lived in a
better environment if designers were able to see the negatives in the current design.
http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/feature/49478

28. Response to PPT, The Architecture of Autism, Public Space
Prelude: Wolf Wolfensberger's seminal work "The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models" posited that society characterizes people with intellectual disabilities
as sub-human and burdens of charity, He argued that this dehumanization, and the segregated institutions that result from it, ignored the potential productive
contributions that all people can make to society. He pushed for a shift in policy and practice that recognized the human needs of those with intellectual challenges and
provided the same basic human rights as for the rest of the population.
The Scenario: Imagine that you and your four children live in Amherst, New York in a $650,000 home at the end of a cul-de-sac on the edge of a ten acre woods. The
town has purchased a one acre lot three houses away from yours, and plans to build a group home for ten intellectually challenged adults. As a resident of the
neighborhood, would you support or oppose this proposal and why?
My first reaction is that I would be indifferent to the situation. I would question why the town is buying property in such an expensive neighborhood but I would neither
support nor oppose it. Everyone should be able to live where they would like to despite disability.
You've learned additional information about the residents of the proposed group home in your neighborhood. In 2013, three of the ten intended residents exhibited
challenging behaviors including screaming, public masturbation, repetitive rocking, and echolalia (elective incontinence). However, these behaviors have not occurred
since then. How would this change your opinion about the construction of the group home in your neighborhood?
After learning about the residents I believe it would change my opinion on the situation. Having a large family, I would not want them to feel uncomfortable in our own
neighborhood. I believe that they should be brought up with blindness to disability and mental illness but I also wouldn't want them to be negatively impacted being young.
If they were controlled with living assistants, I would have no problem with them living nearby.
The residents in your neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject the town of Amherst’s proposal to build a group home in the neighborhood. Town officials agreed that the
home would not be built in your neighborhood if you and your neighbors could develop a workable alternative. What are some possible solutions that would allow the
residents of the home to be provided with “the same basic human rights as the rest of the population”?
A possible solution would to have the residents live in a controlled environment where they can be watched over but still live independent lives through therapy and such.
They should be able to get jobs nearby and help maintain their own facilities with help of health professionals and social workers.
https://www.trulia.com/property/3236854378-6585-Megan-
Rose-Way-East-Amherst-NY-14051

29. Response to The Connection Between Religion and Urban Planning by David Engwicht
In his article, David Engwicht discusses the fact that religions (of all types) have played major roles in the development of our cities. Today, places of
worship are primary components of almost all urban centers. Author Lorne Daniel writes “From their often active role in supporting people who live in
city centers to their iconic influence on design and use of space, religious structures tell us a lot about our history, our current needs, and where we
might be headed in the future. This is an aspect of our urban future that planners and urbanists should attend to.”
Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat familiar. (If you are not familiar with any places of worship, do a bit of research on one in your
own city or town.) Show a photograph of this religious structure. (You may use photographs from the web.) What roles has this place served in the
development of your city/town? How has it influenced the design of the area around it? How has its role changed over time? What roles could this
place of worship play in the future development of your city/town?
Here is a picture of my church, Epiphany UCC. We moved about 10 years ago to Clarence Center but we used to be located in the city of Buffalo. Ever since
we moved into Clarence, as a congregation, the church has become much more involved in the community and we have had many new members from
nearby. We participate in the Clarence parades and help to volunteer at local food banks along with starting youth events for neighboring children to help
involve them in the church. One of the most influential parts of the church is the clothing drive that the church houses and runs, Wear N' Share. There is a
clothing drop off at the one building and all year, families from all around the community are able to reach out anonymously and seek clothing for their
friends or families that may be in a difficult situation. I believe the role that this plays in the community is huge because it shows a sense of humanity and
welfare in our area. Overtime the church has become more involved and are able to reach out to help more people and other organizations. It is awesome
to see how religion can bring people together to lead humanitarian efforts and help their communities. In the future, I can see the church's outreach to
expand and possibly create more facilities for the Wear N' Share organization, furthering the efforts to help our local community.
https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/11364196322717774223
6/photos

30. Response to Prospects for the Future of Diversity and Design
Consider the quote in your syllabus from educator Michael J. Shannon: “Design, as vision in action--the intersection of understanding and creation--is a
universal human capability that can play a fundamental role in social evolution, in the process that transforms resources, energy, and information to
make our world.”
At the beginning of this course, we discussed the idea that we are all designers regardless of our profession or field of study. We’ve asked some big
questions along the way, and the conclusion section of our textbook raises additional issues that require input from people who might not consider
themselves to be part of the formalized design professions.
Think about your own major and/or future profession. What is the biggest challenge, problem, or question that your field needs to tackle right now?
What do you plan to do to address this challenge, problem, or question either as part of your studies or professional life?
I am in Electrical Engineering and I believe one of the greatest challenges of our field today is global warming. As an electrical engineer, we can work to
develop new technologies for harnessing renewable power and to reduce oil consumption in the world. Also I believe a challenge is getting power to
developing countries which again ties in to the renewable energy idea. I hope that in my career, I am able to work to create designs and strategies to
combat pollution and possibly create cheaper, more efficient environmental technology. We cannot plan to progress as a society if we do not focus on
keeping our current planet safe. Maybe one day, we will have to travel to another planet to live and that would be amazing to work to do whatever it takes
to maintain humanity.
http://www.plansmartnj.org/policy-briefing-nj-solar-energy-legislation/