behavioural science- attitude

1. Module: 5
Leading Through Positive Attitude

2. 
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An attitude is the psychological response to a
person, an object, to a situation, to society
and to life itself that generally influence our
behaviours and actions.
Attitudes are either positive or negative.

3. 
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Attitude formation is a result of
learning, modeling others, and our direct
experiences with people and situations.
Social roles and social norms can have a
strong influence on attitudes.
Social roles relate to how people are expected
to behave in a particular role or context.

4. 
Operant conditioning: The consequences of
behavior lead to learning.
◦ Positive reinforcement.
◦ Negative reinforcement.

Example: Learning that slowing down where
the policeman usually lurks avoids getting a
speeding ticket.

5. 
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Observational learning: Learning that occurs
when our behavior is influenced by the
actions of others called models.
Example: Wearing clothes worn by a popular
entertainment figure.

6. 
Explicit Attitudes.

Implicit Attitudes.

Dual Attitudes.

7. 
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A person’s conscious views toward
people, objects, or concepts. That is, the
person is aware of the feelings he or she
holds in a certain context.
Example: His grandfather is unapologetically
racist; the man makes no attempt to hide his
negative views toward members of various
ethnic minorities.

8. 
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Refer to attitudes that are at the unconscious
level, are involuntarily formed and are typically
unknown to us.
Example: A version of an Implicit Attitudes Test
(IAT) has participants make the split-second
decision whether to “shoot” intruders in a video
game. Many people who exhibited an implicit
(bias) toward blacks, manifested a faster and
more frequent decision to “shoot” whenever the
intruder pictured was a black man.

10. 

Dual attitudes refer to the idea that an
individual can have two different attitudes
about something—both an implicit attitude
and an explicit attitude.
Example: A positive intuitive response to a
past love could combine with deliberated
thoughts to form a single negative attitude.

11. 

An attitude includes three components: an
affect (a feeling), cognition (a thought or
belief), and behavior (an action).
Attitudes help us define how we see
situations, as well as define how we behave
toward the situation or object.

12. 
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Attitudes can positively or negatively affect a
person's behavior; a person may not realize how
an attitude affects their behavior.
If a person has a positive attitude, then it is
difficult to upset them. They are usually bright
and cheerful and see most things in a positive
light.
On the other hand, if a person has a negative
attitude then that attitude will be reflected
through behavior.

13. 
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Attitudes can be infectious and can influence
the behavior of those around them.
It is possible for an organization to influence
a person's attitude and in turn their behavior.
A positive work environment, job satisfaction,
a reward system, and a code of conduct can
all help reinforce specific behaviors.

14. 
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Perception is closely related to attitudes.
Perception is the process by which organisms
interpret and organize sensation to produce a
meaningful experience of the world.
In other words, a person is confronted with a
situation. The person interprets the situation into
something meaningful to him or her based on prior
experiences.
However, what an individual interprets or perceives
may be substantially different from reality.

15. 
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Cognitive dissonance refers to a situation
involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or
behaviors.
This produces a feeling of discomfort leading to
an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or
behaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore
balance etc.
Example: When people smoke (behavior) and they
know that smoking causes cancer (cognition).

17. 
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Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is
getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or
reading a book to gain knowledge.
The right attitude will motivate you to push your
way through rejection and all the other obstacles
that will come your way.
Example: You might say that a student is so
motivated to get into a clinical psychology
program that she spends every night studying.

18. 
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People assess their attitudes, beliefs, and
other internal states through the observation
of their own behavior.
Example: If you hear a lot of rock music and
do not particularly dislike it, you will probably
conclude that you do like it.

19. 
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When we are stressed, specific hormones
circulate in the body.
Letting go of attachment to these negative
thoughts and emotions is liberating. This is a
process in itself that is well worth the effort.

20. 
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Research has proven that people with "CAN DO"
attitudes work harder, persevere in the face of
obstacles, and have higher expectations.
Organizations rely on product knowledge and skills
training to improve performance and increase
productivity.
Although both improve competency, neither
addresses the need to develop positive employee
attitudes.
Unless people have the right attitude, no amount of
training will improve performance.

21. 
Never compare yourself with others.

22. 
Set a goal to make good friends.

23. 
Give everything a chance before you neglect
or reject.

24. 
Grooming- helps you gain confidence.

25. 
Do what makes you happy

26. 
Stay upbeat.

27. 
And the most important factor…Smile &
relax. Give yourself a break when you know
you need it.