Education

1. EDUC 251:
Philippine Ecology and
Environment Quality
MINDANAO STATE UNVIERSITY – SCHOOL
OF THE GRADUATE STUDIES SULTAN
KUDARAT EXTENSION

2. Sherryl Bayya Camille Precious Gaile E. Cleofas
Discussant
TEAM MEMBERS
Shiela Loable
Insert some
details here
Discussant

3. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature
Relations
EDUC 251: Philippine Ecology and Environment Quality

4. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Ecophysiology (Physiological
Ecology):
• considers physiological responses of
individual organisms to
environmental conditions.

5. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Temperature responses have both
genetic and environmental components
• Acclimation – physiological
adjustment to environmental conditions
over an individual’s life.
• Adaptation – evolutionary adjustment
(via genetic traits) to environmental
conditions over the long term

6. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Key terms
• Macroclimate – what affects biome
distributions, and what we measure with
weather stations (affected by altitude,
season, etc.)
• Microclimate – what individual organisms
experience (affected by slope, aspect, albedo,
height off the ground, proximity to water,
behavior, etc.)

7. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Examples of factors influencing
microclimate
• Slope and aspect
• Proximity to neighbors (“nurse plants”) •
Albedo (reflectivity)
• Proximity to water (thermal mass)

8. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation

9. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation

10. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation

11. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Proximity to water affects microclimate

12. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Thermal tolerance
Some organisms must exist within a
narrow temperature range in order to
function – this temperature range defines
their “thermal tolerance”)

13. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation

14. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Temperature
response
curves of
bacteria
Psychrophilic bacteria from Antarctica

15. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Temperature
response
curves of
bacteria
Thermophilic bacteria from hot springs

16. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Temperature
response
curves
in plants
Plants from contrasting biomes

17. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Temperature
response
curves
in plants
Transplant experiments

18. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Examples of factors influencing
microclimate

19. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
“Energy Balance”
• A quantitative analysis of an organism’s
response to microclimate.
• Derived from the First Law of
Thermodynamics (conservation of energy)
• Provides a formal, mathematical way to
understand temperature responses.

20. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
One version of
the energy
balance
equation
Where:
Hs = heat storage by organism
Hm = heat gained by metabolism
Hcd = heat gained or lost via conduction
Hcv = heat gained or lost via convection
Hr = heat transferred through radiation/re-radiation
(radiative transfer)
He = heat lost via evaporation (vaporization)

21. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Terminology related to temperature:
• Endotherms – metabolic control over body
temperature. (e.g. homeotherms must
maintain constant body temperature – e.g.
mammals) – formerly called “warmblooded”
• Ectotherms – body temperature controlled
by environment (poikilotherms – e.g. most
reptiles & plants) – formerly called
“coldblooded”

22. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Endotherms vary metabolic rate to maintain a
constant temperature
Note how the
“thermal neutral
zone”defines the
optimal temperature
for an endotherm

23. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
“Thermal neutral zones” for arctic and tropical
mammals

24. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Plants are normally ectotherms, but some
plants can be endotherms! (use
metabolically generated heat to warm the
plant body)

25. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Lizards are a good
example of
ectotherms
– use external
energy to regulate
body temperature.

26. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
These arctic flowers act as solar-tracking
parabolic reflectors, directing the heat to the
ovaries and hastening seed production.
Papaver radicatum Dryas integrifolia

27. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
Plants adjust their temperature by a variety of
responses (adaptation, acclimation, and behavior)

28. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES – SULTAN KUDARAT EXTENSION
Temperature Relation
What do organisms do when temperatures
exceed their range of thermal tolerance?
-Certain mammals
hibernate to avoid
temperature or
moisture
extremes