Digital Light processing

1. DLP - Digital Light
Processing
Based on,
 High-Brightness
 High-Resolution Applications

2. What is DLP Technology ?
• Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a display technology
developed by Texas Instruments.
• It provides all-digital projection displays that offer
superior picture quality in terms of resolution, brightness,
contrast.
• This provides an overview of the digital video processing
solutions like scan conversion, picture enhancements,
color processing.
• DLP™ technology is in use wherever visual excellence is
in demand.

3. Background Information
•
DLP was invented in 1987 by Dr. Hornbeck of Texas Instruments Inc.
 In 1992, TI started a project to explore the DMD's commercial viability.
 A year later, it named the new technology DLP and formed a separate group
to develop commercial display applications.
 In 1994, TI demonstrated DLP projectors for the first time.
 In 1997, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences chose DLP
to project film at the Oscars, where the first three-chip DLP technology was
demonstrated to the Hollywood community.

4.  In 1999, DLP Cinema was first demonstrated to the public with
the release of Star Wars Episode I: the Phantom Menace. By
December 2002, TI had shipped 2 million DLP subsystems.
 DLP Products has also received two Emmy Awards, for excellence in
1998 and for technology and engineering in 2003.
 In 2002, Hornbeck was elected a fellow of the International Society for
Optical Engineering and received the David Sarnoff Medal from the
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers.

5. • Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
• Plasma

6. Enter Digital Light Processing
• pixels on a DLP chip is a reflective mirror
• amplifies the light generated from the chip.
• The advantage of DLP
It produces bright, high-contrast
images
It can be projected onto any size
screen

7. Important Basic Concepts of DLP
• DMD
• Color Wheel

8. Semiconductor That Changed Everything
 Heart of DLP
 Invented by Larry Hornbeck
of Texas Instrument
 world's most sophisticated
light switch
 Rectangular array of up to 1.3 million of
hinge-mounted movable microscopic
mirrors
 Size of a fifth of human hair
 Each mirror correspond to one pixel of image
 Mounted over a CMOS SRAM

9. •
•
•
•



Not operating – parked at 0 degree
On – Tilt +10 degrees
Off – Tilt –10 degrees
On/Off Switching – 1000 times/sec
Consists of 508,800 tiny,
tiltable mirrors
The tilt directs light toward the screen,
or into a "light trap" that eliminates
unwanted light when reproducing
blacks and shadows.
A glass window seals and protects the
mirrors.

10. DLP: Adding Colors
• The white light passes through a color wheel
• The color wheel filters the light into red, green, and
blue.
• a single-chip DLP projection system can create at
least 16.7 million colors.
• 3-DMD chip system is capable of producing no fewer
than 35 trillion colors.

11. How DLP works ?
• Signal Conversion
• Gray Scale Image
• Color Creation

12. Step 1 –
• Accepts both analog or digital signal
• All signals must be converted into digital
• The digital signal, enables mirrors to tilt
towards “On” or away from “Off” light
source.

13. Step 2 –
 On” – light Pixel vs. “Off” – Dark Pixel
 Mirror switched on more frequently than off – Reflects Light Gray
Pixel
 Rapid Switching allows up to 1024 shades of gray reflections
 Digitalized video signal entering DMD get converted into highly
detailed grayscale image
Not present

14. Step 3 –
• Color is added as white light from the lamp passes through
a color wheel filter
• Color Wheel – RED, GREEN & BLUE
• mirrors on DMD are tilted on for the exact amount of time
required for each basic color
• Only 1 color is shined onto DMD at a time
• When spinning fast enough, human eyes blend alternating
flashes to view “more” colors in the projected image.
Color wheel present

17. DLP Technology allows for a clear smooth picture with no
glare due to its embossed coating technology:
•
DLP Technology allows for a clear smooth picture with no glare due to its
embossed coating technology:
Anti Glare Coating Screen
Normal Screen

18. Current Projection TV or Monitor
Technology
A 43" DLP™ TV is 35% slimmer and 56% lighter than a 36" direct view TV.
• Every pixel on a DLP chip is a reflective mirror, which
amplifies the light generated from the chip.
• There is no limit to the size of the screen that can be
manufactured.
• Brightness and contrast is even across the entire surface of the
screen.

19. ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
Only inorganic
Mirrors are aluminium
Off chip drivers
Arrayed on center->high fill factor
Electrostatic torque
+ve & -ve
Potential of yoke
Thick oxide
Brightness, contrast ratio

20. EXAMPLES
Video processing systems







SVP2
Performing 5.7 billion 8-bit additions/sec.
Data Path ASIC
48-bit Data Input Register(DIR)
32-bit DOR
Independent Clock Control
Room Projectors, home theater, CRT, institutional
projectors.

21. 1-chip DLP Projection System
 16.7 millions of colors
 TV, projector, home theater system

22. 3-chip DLP Projection System




35 trillion of colors
3 DMD configuration
Each DMD dedicated to 1 color only
White light passes through a prism to
divide red, green and blue and later
recombine to form image

23. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
CONVERGENCE OF TECHNOLOGY
•
•
Rotation of the mirror
memory cell in the
on (1) state, the mirror
rotates to +10 degrees.

off (0) state, the mirror rotates
to -10 degrees

(1) state of the mirror
appears bright

(0) state of the mirror appears dark.

24. INDUSTRY RELEVANCE
• used in large projection screen
applications
• Mission To Mars, Toy Story 2, Rocky and
Bullwinkle, Disney's Dinosaur, and Spy
Kids.
• several manufacturers, such as Hitachi,
Panasonic, Samsung, and Mitsubishi are
producing rear-projection DLP sets for the
consumer.

25. • organic compounds in LCD panels susceptible
to high heat and light energy stress.
• DLP technology does not use organic
compounds
• LCD technology has a failure mode that does
not exist with DLP.

26. FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY
• HD2+ for contrast ratios greater than
3000:1 for much improved color.
• eliminating more of the latent brightness
when in the “off” position .
• Sequential Color Recapture (SCR)
“Spiral of Archimedes”