1. 3-1
GUIDELINES FOR
PGCM
PROJECT WORK –
GM100
Dr Anuja Pandey
Program Director
PGCM
Professor Marketing
All India Management
Association
9/3/2022

2. 3-2
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING
SEMESTER 1
1. Financial Accounting & Reporting
2. Management Accounting
3. Auditing
4. Federal Income Tax
5. Managerial Economics

3. 3-3
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING
SEMESTER 2
6. Forensics Accounting
7.Business Finance
8. Accounting Ethics and Business Law
• GM100 Project Work ( Accounting Research )*
* OJT/Projects assigned by current work organization

4. 3-4
FINANCE
SEMESTER 1
1. FM03- Security Analysis & Portfolio
Management
2. FM04 - International Financial Management
3. FM06 - Management of Financial Services
4. FM09 - Project Appraisal & Finance

5. 3-5
FINANCE
SEMESTER 2
5. FM07 - Option Future & Other Derivatives
6. FM10 - Strategic Cost Management
• GM100 - Project Work

6. 3-6
REVISED
ACADEMIC
CALANDER
9/3/2022
#
Activity
Start
Date End Date
1
Activation of Online Exam Form
filling through Student Portal
(Dates also includes extension/s
and submission with late fee)
May 1,
2022
June 30,
2022
2
Activation of Assignments on the
Student Portal
May 1,
2022
May 31,
2022
3
Online Term-End Examination
through Student Portal (As done in
earlier sessions)
July 10,
2022
July 20,
2022
4
Result Processing and Declaration
of Results
July 20,
2022
July 31,
2022

7. 3-7
Research
Process
• Project Work ( Accounting /
Finance Research )*
• * OJT/Projects assigned by
current work organization
9/3/2022

8. 3-8
Research
Process
• Step 1: Problem Definition
• Step 2: Development of an
Approach to the Problem
• Step 3: Research Design
Formulation
• Step 4: Fieldwork or Data
Collection
• Step 5: Data Preparation and
Analysis
• Step 6: Report Preparation and
• Presentation
9/3/2022

9. 3-9
9/3/2022
Research Problem
Broad Statement
Specific Components
Proper Definition of the
Research Problem

10. 3-10
The Problem Definition Process
9/3/2022
Discussion
with
Decision Maker(s)
Interviews
with
Experts
Secondary
Data
Analysis
Qualitative
Research
Management Decision Problem
Marketing Research Problem
Tasks Involved
Environmental Context of the Problem
Step I: Problem Definition
Step II: Approach to the Problem
Objective/
Theoretical
Foundations
Research
Questions
Hypotheses
Step III: Research Design
Analytical
Model: Verbal,
Graphical,
Mathematical
Specification
of
Information
Needed

11. 3-11
The purpose of the Research
9/3/2022
To explore
To describe
or classify
To establish
relationships
To establish
causality

12. 3-12
Choosing A Topic
STEP 1
9/3/2022

13. 3-13
THE DISSERTATION
PROPOSAL OR SYNOPSIS
• 1. Working title
• 2. Purpose
• 3. Aim
• 4. Objectives
• 5. Hypothesis (or key
questions)
• 6. Outline methodology
• 7. Proposed contents
• 8. Questionnaire
• 9. Work plan
• 10 Project Guide
9/3/2022

14. 3-14
9/3/2022

15. 3-15
Details
Synopsis
9/3/2022

16. 3-16
STRUCTURING
AND WRITING
THE PROJECT
REPORT
9/3/2022

17. 3-17
Detailed/final
project report
will include the
following:
• Introduction
• Objective of the study
• Review of Literature
• Methodology (Details of
methodology will be used in
studying and collecting the data
and issue will be described)
• Data analysis and interpretation
• Findings and Recommendation
• Conclusion
• Limitations of the study
• References
• Appendix
9/3/2022

18. 3-18
DEADLINES FOR
SUBMISSIONS
9/3/2022
Sno Activity
Start
date
End
Date
1 Selection of
Research
project title
and synopsis
presentation
30
April
5th July
2 Submission of
Synopsis on
Students
Portal
30
April
15th
May
3 Final Project 25th
May
15th
June
4 Final Project
Marks
10th
July

19. 3-19
Research
Design:
Definition
• A research design is a framework or
blueprint for conducting the
research project. It details the
procedures necessary for obtaining
the information needed to structure
or solve research problems. A
research design includes;
• Sources of information,
• Nature of study & objective of
study
• Sociocultural context &
geographical areas to be
covered,
• Periods of time to encompasses,
• Basis for selecting data
• Techniques to be used for
gathering data
9/3/2022

20. 3-20
A Classification of Marketing Research Designs
9/3/2022
Single Cross-
Sectional Design
Multiple Cross-
Sectional Design
Research Design
Conclusive
Research Design
Exploratory
Research Design
Descriptive
Research
Causal
Research
Cross-Sectional
Design
Longitudinal
Design

21. 3-21
Uses of
Exploratory
Research
• Formulate a problem or
define a problem more
precisely
• Identify alternative
courses of action
• Develop hypotheses
• Isolate key variables and
relationships for further
examination
• Gain insights for
developing an approach
to the problem
• Establish priorities for
further research
9/3/2022

22. 3-22
Case Study
• In a Case Study, a
researcher observes
selected aspects of a
subject’s behavior over a
period of time.
• The subject is usually a
person,
• But it may be a setting
such as a business,
school, or neighborhood.
9/3/2022

23. 3-23
Use of
Descriptive
Research
• To describe the characteristics
of relevant groups, such as
consumers, salespeople,
organizations, or market areas.
• A careful mapping out of a
situation or set of events in
order to describe what is
happening.
• It is a necessary first step in the
development of a program of
research, because it
establishes the basis or
cornerstone of any future
undertaking.
• Here two or more variables or
conditions are measured and
related to one another.
• Here we say that X & Y are
correlated.
9/3/2022

24. 3-24
Surveys
• Surveys rely on the technique of
self-report to obtain information
about such variables as people’s
attitude, opinions, behaviors, and
demographic characteristics.
• The data are collected by means of
an interview or a questionnaire.
• Surveys does not establish causality.
• They explore, describe, classify, and
establish relationships among
variables.
9/3/2022

25. 3-25
Cross-sectional
Designs
• Involve the collection of information
from any given sample of population
elements only once.
• In single cross-sectional designs, there
is only one sample of respondents and
information is obtained from this
sample only once.
• In multiple cross-sectional designs,
there are two or more samples of
respondents, and information from
each sample is obtained only once.
Often, information from different
samples is obtained at different times.
• Cohort analysis consists of a series of
surveys conducted at appropriate time
intervals, where the cohort serves as
the basic unit of analysis.
• A Cohorts denotes a person or group
of people who have experienced a
significant life event such as a birth,
marriage, or illness during a given time
interval- say a calendar year or a
decade.
9/3/2022

26. 3-26
Longitudinal
Designs
• A fixed sample (or samples) of
population elements is measured
repeatedly on the same variables
• A longitudinal design differs from a
cross-sectional design in that the
sample or samples remain the same
over time
9/3/2022

27. 3-27
Uses of Casual
Research
• To understand which variables are
the cause (independent variables)
and which variables are the effect
(dependent variables) of a
phenomenon
• The focuses is on the identification
of causes i.e., what leads to what.
• The concern is with how “X is
responsible for Y”, not with “X is
related to Y” simply.
• The concept of experimental group
and control group are used to
establish causal relationship among
variables.
9/3/2022

28. 3-28
Exploratory & Conclusive Research Differences
9/3/2022
Objective:
Character-
istics:
Findings
/Results:
Outcome:
To provide insights and
understanding.
Information needed is defined
only loosely. Research process
is flexible and unstructured.
Sample is small and non-
representative. Analysis of
primary data is qualitative.
Tentative.
Generally followed by further
exploratory or conclusive
research.
To test specific hypotheses and
examine relationships.
Information needed is clearly
defined. Research process is
formal and structured. Sample is
large and representative. Data
analysis is quantitative.
Conclusive.
Findings used as input into
decision making.
Exploratory Conclusive

29. 3-29
A Comparison of Basic Research Designs
9/3/2022
Objective:
Characteristics:
Methods:
Discovery of ideas
and insights
Flexible, versatile
Often the front
end of total
research design
Expert surveys
Pilot surveys
Secondary data
Qualitative
research
Describe market
characteristics or
functions
Marked by the prior
formulation of
specific hypotheses
Preplanned and
structured design
Secondary data
Surveys
Panels
Observation and
other data
Determine cause
and effect
relationships
Manipulation of
one or more
independent
variables
Control of other
mediating
variables
Experiments
Exploratory Descriptive Causal

30. 3-30
Measurement and Scaling
9/3/2022

31. 3-31
7 3
8
Primary Scales of Measurement
9/3/2022
Scale
Nominal Numbers
Assigned
to Runners
Ordinal Rank Order
of Winners
Interval Performance
Rating on a
0 to 10 Scale
Ratio Time to
Finish, in
Seconds
Third
place
Second
place
First
place
Finish
Finish
8.2 9.1 9.6
15.2 14.1 13.4

32. 3-32
Primary Scales of Measurement
9/3/2022
Scale Basic
Characteristics
Common
Examples
Marketing
Examples
Nominal Numbers identify
& classify objects
Social Security
nos., numbering
of football players
Brand nos., store
types
Percentages,
mode
Chi-square,
binomial test
Ordinal Nos. indicate the
relative positions
of objects but not
the magnitude of
differences
between them
Quality rankings,
rankings of teams
in a tournament
Preference
rankings, market
position, social
class
Percentile,
median
Rank-order
correlation,
Friedman
ANOVA
Ratio Zero point is fixed,
ratios of scale
values can be
compared
Length, weight Age, sales,
income, costs
Geometric
mean, harmonic
mean
Coefficient of
variation
Permissible Statistics
Descriptive Inferential
Interval Differences
between objects
Temperature
(Fahrenheit)
Attitudes,
opinions, index
Range, mean,
standard
Product-
moment