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体温を知ろう
2020.5.2
早稲田大学人間科学学術院
丸井 朱里
平熱、微熱、発熱って何℃?
みなさんは、自分自身の平熱を把握していますか?
36.0℃、36.5℃あたりでしょうか?
そして、微熱は37.0℃?発熱は…?
熱っぽい時にしか体温を測定しない方が多いと思います。
熱がありそうでも、高い数字を見ると辛いから測らない、
なんて方も多いのではないでしょうか。
新型コロナウイルス流行により、”体温”というワードが
たくさん聞かれるようになりました。
簡単に体温測定の概念をまとめましたので、
ぜひ役立てていただければ幸いです。
平熱の定義
Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich (1815-1877)
ドイツの精神科医
“37.0℃が健康な成人の平均体温である”
(1851年発表。25,000人の患者の腋窩温度より算出。)
平均体温は “36.6℃である”(2017年)
これらの数字は、多くの人たちの平熱を平均化したものです。
果たしてこの数字を”自分の平熱に置き換える”ことは正しいのでしょうか?
https://www.bmj.com/content/359/bmj.j5468
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Reinhold_August_Wunderlich
発熱の定義
感染症法で定められた届出基準
“発熱=37.5℃以上”は全員に当てはまるのでしょうか?
厚生労働省HPより改変
自分の平熱を知っていますか?
腋窩温(10秒法)
アンケートによる
自分の平熱
アンケートによる自分自身の平熱と予測式腋窩温に相関が無かった
→測定値に基づく自分の平熱を知らない人が多い
Marui et al. J Physiol Anthropol 2017
(人)
平熱が36.0℃と思っていても、
実際の腋窩温度は人によってバラバラ…
体温計は同じものを使っていますか?
(人)
・測定方法によって異なる体温分布
・深部に近い鼓膜温でもばらつきがみられる
→測定方法・部位を固定して、
健康時の体温を知っておく必要がある
健康時の体温より0.5~1℃以上高い時、発熱と考えよう
Marui et al. J Physiol Anthropol 2017
体温はいつ測るべきか?
体温は一日を通して常に一定ではない
→食事、運動、緊張など精神的な影響による
体温上昇が起こりにくい時間帯に測定しよう(起床時など)
まとめ
体温測定で重要なのは、
1)同じ体温計を使って、
2)同じ測定部位で、
3)なるべく同じ時間帯で、
自分自身の健康時の体温を知ること。

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体温を知ろう