The document discusses literature reviews and how to conduct them. It defines what literature is and describes primary and secondary sources. It explains the purposes of literature reviews which include making a base for research, gaining knowledge in a field, and identifying gaps. It provides guidance on searching for literature, collecting and analyzing information, and writing literature reviews with critical comments to synthesize relevant literature.

1. Literature Review
Dr. S.N. Sridhara
Principal/Director
K.S. School of Engineering and Management, Bangalore
sridharasn1964@gmail.com
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 1

2. What is meant by Literature?
• Literature refers to collection of Scholarly
writings on a topic
• Literature can be obtained from ‘Primary
Sources’ and ‘Secondary Sources’
• Primary sources are first hand sources wherein
the first reported work is obtained. Ex: research
articles from scholarly journals, monographs,
white papers, News paper cuttings, speeches,
letters, autobiographies etc.,
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 2

3. Primary and Secondary Sources in
Literature
• Secondary sources are non-original or second
had data information which might be a review
or comment on the data published in Primary
Source.
Ex: Research Summaries reported in text books,
news papers, research reviews etc..
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 3

4. Why Literature Search?
• To make a base for research.
• To gain knowledge in the relevant field
• To know the progress already made in the
relevant field (State of the Art)
• To make sure that you are in right path
• To identify the gap and to get the motivation for
the study
• To relate your results and publish in relevant
journals
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 4

5. Where to Search for Literature?
• International Journals (on-line & off-line)
• Conference Proceedings
• Books
• Internet (be more careful for correctness)
• White papers, in-house publications and
documents
• News papers, magazines, etc.,
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 5

6. Steps involved in Literature Review
• Searching for good sources and collecting
papers
• Sorting and Priotorising the papers
• First reading of papers and making notes
• Critical Reading and marking the highlights
• Comparative study of noted literature
• Writing the literature review with critical
comments
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 6

7. Collection of Information from Literature
• Prepare notes from each paper read
• Read the paper several times and understand the
concept clearly
• Note the major points from this paper in the words of
authors
• Add your critics to the paper
• Prepare a ready reckoner for the papers referred
• Literature review is a continues process and will
continue even after the thesis is submitted to note the
developments made in the relevant field
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 7

8. Collection of Information from Literature
Authors &
Title of
Paper
Type of
Study
Tools Used Methodology
used
Major Results Contributions
Lin et al .
………………
Analytical
and
Numerical
Fourier
Transforms
and Finite
Differences
Governing
equations
solved in both
the methods
Identification of
limitation of
both methods
Comparative
study of both
methods
Shaw and
Shaw
Expt. Laser light
scattering
technique
Measurement of
dropsizes in
spray and
characterisation
Dropsize
distribution
under varying
conditions
Linking of flow
parameters to
spray
characteristics
• Prepare a ready reckoner in a suitable format as shown below
• This can be recorded in a A3 paper to include all the relevant information
• This reckoner will be of great help throughout the research studies and even
afterwards
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 8

9. How to Write a Good Literature Review?
• Do not write annotated review:
Ex: (poor literature review)
Yehia A Eldrainy et.al [3] worked on multiple inlet swirler for gas turbine
combustors. This new swirler introduces air tangentially …….
Masato Mikami et.al [4] studied combustion of partially premixed spray jets.
Burning behaviors of partially premixed sprays …….
• Write a synthesis of the literature
The comparative study of relevant literature is a must instead of recording of
several statements from literature.
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 9

10. How to Write a Good Literature Review?
• Do not just record the observations made in the
paper
• Instead add your comments and critics
• Literature review must be of great help in
identifying the procedure, tools and
methodology used etc.. hence, the literature
review spreads across the entire thesis/paper
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 10

11. • UGC Approved list of Journals: (32,659
journals)
https://www.ugc.ac.in/journallist/
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 11

12. • The h-index is an author-level metric that
attempts to measure both
the productivity and citation impact of
the publications of a scientist or scholar.
• The index is based on the set of the scientist's
most cited papers and the number of citations
that they have received in other publications.
• The index can also be applied to the
productivity and impact of a scholarly
journal as well as a group of scientists, such as
a department or university or country.
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 12

13. • Scopus gives four types of quality measure for
each title; those are h-Index, CiteScore, SJR
(SCImago Journal Rank) and SNIP (Source
Normalized Impact per Paper).
• Anyone can find all included journals on
the SCImago Journal Rank website.
• According to the Scimago Journal
Rankings, Nature has the highest h-index
(1011 as of 2016), and CA - A Cancer Journal
for Clinicians has the highest SJR (39.285 as of
2016) and CiteScore 2016 (89.23 in the 99th
percentile).
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 13

14. • Web of Science (previously known as Web of
Knowledge) is an online subscription-based
scientific citation indexing service originally
produced by the Institute for Scientific
Information (ISI), now maintained by Clarivate
• Analytics (previously the Intellectual Property and
Science business of Thomson Reuters), that
provides a comprehensive citation search.
• It gives access to multiple databases that
reference cross-disciplinary research, which
allows for in-depth exploration of specialized sub-
fields within an academic or scientific discipline.
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 14

15. Search Engines for Research Papers?
• http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/
• http://scholar.google.co.in/
• http://papers.sae.org/Engines
• http://academic.research.microsoft.com/
• http://www.bioline.org.br/
• http://www.doaj.org/
• http://www.plosone.org/
• http://www.bioone.org/
• http://iopscience.iop.org/1468-6996/
• http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/
• http://www.knimbus.com
• http://search.proquest.com/
For Patents:
1. https://patents.google.com/
2. http://appft.uspto.gov/
3. http://gpsn.uspto.gov/
4. https://worldwide.espacenet.com/
5.
https://ipindiaonline.gov.in/patentsea
rch/search/index.aspx
6. https://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 15

16. Search Engines for Research Papers?
For Patents:
• https://patents.google.com/ for all patents
• http://www.uspto.gov/ for US patents
• http://appft.uspto.gov/
• http://gpsn.uspto.gov/
• https://worldwide.espacenet.com/
• https://ipindiaonline.gov.in/patentsearch/search/index.aspx for Indian patent
• https://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/ for Australian patent
• https://www.epo.org/searching-for-patents.html for European patents
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 16

17. Exercise on Reading a research paper
and noting highlights
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 17

18. Role of Guide is limited to....mp4
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 18

19. Thank you
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 19