This document provides an overview of Christianity including its history, beliefs, sacred texts, and denominations. It discusses the origins of Judaism and key figures like Martin Luther who sparked the Protestant Reformation. The document also examines differences between denominations on issues like baptism, communion, and the end times. It provides context on the diversity of churches in America today including mainline, evangelical, liturgical, non-liturgical, and Pentecostal orientations.
10. Aqaba Church in Aqaba, Jordan (293 - 298 AD)
Rose, Mark. (December,1998). Early church at Aqaba. Archaeology 51(6).
https://archive.archaeology.org/9811/newsbriefs/aqaba.html
Jordan
18. Roman Catholicism
1. Primacy of the Pope: Pope is Vicar (mouthpiece) of Christ
2. Apostolic succession: Chain of authority from Peter
3. Immaculate Conception: Mary was born without sin
4. Veneration of Saints: asking saints to intercede
5. Purgatory: Temporary place baptized Christians go
19. Roman Catholicism
6. Transubstantiation: Bread & wine become body & blood
7. Sacraments vehicles for grace, sacri
fi
ce of the Mass
8. Word of God: Bible + Papal decree + Church Councils
9. Celibacy: Priests cannot marry
10. Latin Bible: only authorized Canon
20. 7 Sacraments
1. Baptism
2. Eucharist (Communion)
3. Con
fi
rmation
4. Confession
5. Anointing sick
6. Marriage
7. Ordination
25. ⸀λογιζ
ό
µεθα ⸁γ
ὰ
ρ δικαιο
ῦ
σθαι ⸂π
ί
στει
ἄ
νθρωπον⸃ χωρ
ὶ
ς
ἔ
ργων ν
ό
µου.
For we hold that one is justi
fi
ed by faith
alone, apart from works of the law.
(Romans 3:28 ESV)
30. Protestant Faith
1. Bible alone — Sola Scriptura
2. Faith alone — Sola Fideo
3. Priesthood of all believers
4. No purgatory
5. No papal authority
6. No veneration of saints
7. Two sacraments: Baptism &
Communion
8. Church is ALL Christians
31. Differences Between Protestants
1. Can we baptize infants?
2. Is communion symbolic or mystical?
3. Can a person lose their salvation?
4. What happens when Christ returns?
5. Which church government?
6. Is there a 2nd experience AFTER conversion?
41. Holiness Church
Wesley taught there was a second
experience after salvation called
“Holiness”
Holiness grew in US in 1800s
Holiness attracted Black Americans
46. Pentecostal Theology
Baptism of the Holy Spirit after conversion
Speaking in tongues
Prophecy and Healing
Miraculous signs as a regular part of worship
47. Pentecostal Churches
• Egalitarian — Equality between women and men
• Interracial — brought together Black and White Christians
• Addressed Community Needs — poverty, sickness, food insecurity
48. Pentecostalism Explodes in 1960s & 1970s
• Pentecostal denominations grew rapidly in 1970s
• Mainline Christians looked for spiritual experience
• Charismatic Movement spread within mainline Christianity
• Distinctly Pentecostal seminaries and Bible colleges founded
58. Apostle’s Creed (3rd century)
I believe in God, the Father almighty,
creator of heaven and earth.
I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord,
who was conceived by the Holy Spirit
and born of the virgin Mary.
59. He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was cruci
fi
ed, died,
and was buried; he descended to hell.
On the third day he rose again from the dead.
He ascended to heaven
and is seated at the right hand of God the Father
almighty.
From there he will come to judge the living and the
dead.
60. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy universal*
church, the communion of saints, the
forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the
body, and the life everlasting. Amen.
64. TRINITY
Atonement
OT & NT
Baptism
Jesus’ Return
Resurrection
Baptism by
Immersion
Baptism by
sprinkling
Lose your
salvation
Election
Sunday
Saturday
Bishops
Elder Led
Second Order Things
First Order Things
Distinguishes Denominations
Communion
65. TRINITY
Atonement
OT & NT
Baptism
Jesus’ Return
Resurrection
Baptism by
Tribulation
Ammillennial
MAGA
ESV
NIV
Funny
Sermons
Hell
Fire
Sermons
Second Order Things
First Order Things
Third Order Things
Modern Preferences
No
Dancing
No
Drinking
Communion
72. What is a Liberal (Mainline)
Protestant Church Like?
73. Mainline Protestant Church
• Promote social justice
• Promote moral teachings of Jesus
• Promote compassion, mercy, and
human dignity
• Promote inclusive Christianity
• Reject historicity of the Bible
74. Mainline Protestant Church
• Liturgy and Sermons contain accepted
beliefs of Protestantism
• Reject that the beliefs are objectively
true or rooted in history
77. Mainline / Evangelical
• Mainline — Theologically liberal, critical view of Scripture
• Evangelical — Theologically conservative, a high view of Scripture
78. Liturgical / Non-Liturgical
• Liturgical Churches — recite speci
fi
c prayers, ornamental services
• Non-Liturgical Churches — informal, less formal prayers
79. Pentecostal / Cessationist
Pentecostal — Miraculous gifts, including tongues, operate in church
Cessationists — Miraculous gifts ended when the NT was completed
80. Eschatology — End of the World
Amillennial — Jesus returns, judges the earth, the end.
Premillennial — Jesus returns, reigns 1000 yrs, judges, The End
Dispensational — Rapture, Tribulation, Armageddon, Return, 1000 yrs,
judgment, The end…sort of.
81. High Church (Liturgical)
Low Church (Non-Liturgical)
Mainline
Evamgelical
LCMS Lutheran
Anglical Church (outside U.S.)
ELCA Lutheran
Episcopal Church (in U.S.)
United Methodist Church
PCUSA Presbyterian
PCA Presbyterian
Southern Baptist
Northern Baptist
Pentecostal Churches
Friends (Quakers)
Progressive Mennonite Calvary Chapels
Christian Reformed
Disciples of Christ Church of Christ
