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DEPTH
INTERVIEW
如何進⾏⼀場深度訪談
為什麼要做深度訪談
EMPATHY
EMPATHY
藉由交談了解⼈,是我們每天在做的事情
如何設計訪談⼤綱,問對問題
他是誰︖
性別
年齡
興趣
⽇常⽣活
家庭
社交
⼯作
休閒娛樂
永遠的36歲
下班後都要跟朋
友去酒吧喝幾杯
總是發⽣不可思議的事
已婚,有三個⼩孩。

兒⼦似乎永遠都在叛逆
女兒有藝術家夢想
⼀個愛吸奶嘴的⼩女兒
打牌、喝啤酒、霸凌鄰居、上班摸⿂
核電廠員⼯
基本上都在摸⿂
男
打牌、喝酒
他的⾏為習慣︖
主題
例:⾼⾎壓
運動
飲食
⽇常⽣活
看醫⽣
⽤藥
他怎麼吃︖ 他做什麼運動︖
他看醫⽣的過程︖
他吃了什麼藥︖怎麼吃︖
他怎麼過⽇⼦︖
有誰⼀起吃︖
前後有改變嗎︖
運動
飲食
⽇常⽣活
看醫⽣
⽤藥
他的看法︖價值觀︖
他為什麼這麼吃︖
他為什麼這麼過⽇⼦︖
他使⽤這套⽅法的原因︖
主題
例:⾼⾎壓
他挑選的依據是︖
這個運動好在哪︖
怎麼選擇這個醫⽣/醫院︖
他的感受︖感覺︖
喜歡︖不喜歡︖
討厭︖
⽅便︖麻煩︖
挫折︖受⿎舞︖
樂觀︖悲觀︖
很苦︖很臭︖很好吃︖
情感是影響決策的關鍵
⼈類的⾏為都以快樂和痛苦為動機
—Donald A, Norman
—Jeremy Bentham
如何讓⼈侃侃⽽談,無話不說
沒有批判與評論
與受訪者站在同樣的⾼度角度看世界
Empathy
避免加入個⼈觀點
A. 我喜歡吃⼤蒜
B. ⼤蒜很臭耶!
避免批評受訪者⾔論
(儘管你再不認同)
A. 我要投朱⽴倫
B. 你智⼒測驗沒過嗎︖
我們想要知道的是這個⼈的想法,不管他跟你的價值觀合不合
沒有是非題
避免讓回答可能出現「是」、「不是」的提問
你是素食主義者嗎︖ 是啊。
對於素食主義,你有什麼看法︖ 噢我⾃⼰就是啊,因為我覺得...
簡單來說,問開放式的問題
你的看法是︖你的感覺是︖你覺得呢︖可以描述看看嗎︖為什麼呢︖
兩者的差異是什麼呢︖
沒有誘導式提問
以做實驗來說,受試者都會不⾃覺的想要討好實驗者,
或是礙於社會規範,⽽回答出「政治正確」的答案(Social desirability bias)
主訪者應該避免透露出⾃⼰對於該答案的傾向
你應該⽀持廢除死刑吧︖
…呃...是、是吧
你⼀定覺得很衰對不對,這麼年輕就得⾼⾎壓
…呃...是、是吧
是嗎︖
沒有⼀句話就懂,也沒有簡答題
受試者的每個回答,都需要詳細追問(除非你覺得這個不重要或離題了)
我喜歡吃⼤蒜
噢,那你都做什麼運動︖
跑步
都幾點睡︖
12點
我喜歡吃⼤蒜
你能說說喜歡⼤蒜的什麼嗎︖
⼤蒜很好啊,我爸說可以預防⼼⾎
管疾病,⽽且配⾹腸吃超好吃
妳爸爸怎麼知道這些啊︖
你都會聽她的話嗎︖
我爸是醫⽣啊,關於健康的事
我都會先問他......
除此之外,你的態度與情緒也很重要
Positive Emotion 情緒可以互相感染
正向的情緒可以讓⼈的思緒變得更廣
也可以讓⼈感覺良好,更願意開⼜說話
與受訪者建⽴輕鬆、融洽、開放的關係
要讓受訪者感到⾃在、安全
眼神交流、微笑、點頭
在適當的時機附和說話的⼈
與說話的⼈採取相同的姿勢、常說的詞
簡單的⽅法讓⼈感到安⼼:
如何消化訪談中的重要內容
記下回答與情緒(表情)
雖然我們可以⽤攝影機記錄下當時的情境,但能夠有效利⽤時間的⽅法,
就是即時掌握每句話語調中所附帶的情緒!
I like it. I like it. I like it.
記下反覆出現的⼈、事、物、態度
反覆出現可以⼀定程度代表他的強調、重要程度
你會不會覺得吃藥很麻煩︖
麻煩︖不會啦怎麼會麻煩!
我⼀天要吃五顆藥餒,每餐都吃不⼀樣的
醫⽣開了好多藥給我要每天吃,還要吃維古⼒、B群那些
我有⼀個⼩盒⼦,上⾯都有標要吃什麼
⼈們不會發現⾃⼰遇到的問題是個問題
所以反覆出現的事件就會成爲判斷問題是否存在的指標
記下前因後果
亞洲⼈(或是中國/台灣⼈)的講話特性是這樣⼦
前因後果可能會落在訪談的前
五分鐘跟最後五分鐘
此時好好記錄下來會很有幫
助!
記下你認為特別的看法、語錄
還原現場,最重要的就是原汁原味的紀錄
A A*0.8+B*0.2 (A*0.8+B*0.2)*0.8+C*0.2
轉述每句話都會造成資訊的流失,所以受訪者說了什麼,就應該
要100%地保存下來,讓其他⼈、或是未來⾃⼰也可以完全理解
如何佈置⼀場訪談
⼀個讓⼈覺得安全的空間
最好是安靜的、可以暢所欲⾔的地⽅,不⽤擔⼼隔牆有⽿
最好有舒適的座椅、舒適的燈光、舒適的空氣
最好是交通⽅便、不⽤⾛過數條⼩巷⼦的地⽅
讓我們放下成
⾒,好好聊聊
吧!
巧妙的放置錄影、錄⾳設備
錄影錄⾳可能會讓⼈防備,必須在訪談前就說明清楚研究⽬的以及為什麼
需要錄影錄⾳,並且保證他個⼈資料的安全性
此外,⾯對鏡頭還可能會令⼈分⼼、或是不⾃覺的做出與真實狀況不符的
印象管理
鏡頭最好是擺在受訪者的側⾯,或是正⾯偏左右⽽不是正前⽅
受訪者的視線正⾯最好還是訪員
受訪者
訪員
攝影設備
沒有距離感的座位⽅式
這樣⼦的訪問⽅式超恐怖這樣就好多了!
ANY
QUESTIONS
?
Q&A

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