Mark Dubois: Linking Health and Environment - A People Centred Ecology
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Presentation at the STEPS Conference 2010 - Pathways to Sustainability: Agendas for a new politics of environment, development and social justice http://www.steps-centre.org/events/stepsconference2010.html
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Mark Dubois: Linking Health and Environment - A People Centred Ecology
- 1. Mark Dubois Research Fellow Policy, Economics and Social Science at the WorldFish Center Linking Health and Environment A People Centred Ecology STEPS Center Annual Conference Richard Friend Social Anthropologist
- 2. Unprecedented Environmental & Health Changes in the Mekong 40-70% of fisheries production losses from proposed dams >75% of forest land under concession agreements Between 80 and 90 percent of diarrhea cases are caused by environmental factors’ Incidence of zoonotic and water borne disease
- 3. Can an Eco-Health approach improve human wellbeing and ecosystem health in Cambodia? Decision making arenas Health Resources: Ability to Pay Yes, Maybe, No! - It depends on the starting point & context Natural Resources Land Tenure Poverty/ Food insecurity Governance and rights crisis
- 6. Striking a balance calls for an operational framework Fig. 1 A Simple framework for putting people at the center of development implementation: Adapted after Friend, R. 2008 and MWBP Livelihoods Report More effective & responsive decision-making Enhancing productivity and sustainability of natural / health resources Generating benefits to people from natural / health resources
- 16. What sorts of shift in focus does this require?
Notas del editor
- This presentation explores the potential for the application of a people-centred ecology for research and practice that brings environment and health together and emphasises peoples capabilities and knowledge as the starting point for efforts to improve human wellbeing and ecosystem health .
- Despite some progress, environmental factors still dramatically affect the health of many people. WHO estimates that globally, approximately three million children die each year from environment-related causes.
- Endemic food shortages/ high levels of poverty and poor access to productive resources and DM arenas As Cambodia seeks to find new ways to bring community based natural resource management into alignment with new decentralized governance structures, there is widespread concern that high incidence of environmental degradation and limited access to productive resources is eroding the ability of the majority of rural people to cope with health and environment shocks.
- This lack of knowledge argument often missed the significance of peoples own knowledge and aspirations and the social context and constraints in which people operate. Largely biomedical approach which was based on diagnosing and treating specific pathologies and focusing on health care service delivery and its infrastructure without adequately considering the connections between factors such as poverty and malnutrition. narrow interest in ecological aspects focused on the interactions between the disease organisms and their hosts and the implication of environmental degradation and pollution. Wetlands have often figured as a source of health threats such as vector borne diseases, thus pitting health and conservation objectives against each other.
- From the conservation sector there is an increasing focus on people rather than solely the natural environment , in which people are regarded as custodians of NRs, & their knowledge and capabilities are seen as central for future sustainability.. . . From the health sector there is a growing interest in the role of natural resources upon which people depend for their food security, nutrition and well being. From both, this interest has two clear aspects…….how managing NRs can derive human benefits and how NR deficits can manifest in adverse human impacts. The balance is between the health of ecosystems and the people who live in them – what are the trade off mechanisms required
- There are four essential, over-lapping elements. The research is central as the entry point that links to the other three overlapping elements. The starting point is to build on local people’s knowledge, aspirations, values and capabilities in order to strengthen their capacity to assess, plan and manage their resource base – whether the resources are fisheries, water, food or health resources. Focus on knowledge – accept what is known but not to emphasise that it is correct, but as the basis for identifying ‘research priorities’ for social learning – and for then identifying and negotiating solutions Clearly, strengthened capacity is only meaningful if it can be put into action. There are three inter-dependent dimensions to this kind of action. However, the availability of these resources does not necessarily mean that they will be turned into livelihood benefits, and that these benefits will be distributed equitably. Specific measures need to be implemented to ensure that the resources deliver benefits. A key factor in people’s vulnerability and poverty is that poor people tend to be excluded from decision-making processes, particularly those led by the state. When people are better able to represent their own interests and needs, and to do so in a convincing manner, they are more likely to exert some influence on the state and service providers to provide the services that are needed in a way that is needed. This is particularly important for people and resources that still remain marginal to state development priorities.
- Social research and collective action – Outlining the potential for local people to act as leaders in charting their own pathways to environmental sustainability and social justice
- – and perhaps also allows for greater influence on policy processes when people themselves represent their interests based on their research, rather than only the research of external actors.
- 1. whether the resources are fisheries, water, food or health resources. This approach suggests that if people can take on these responsibilities actions are more likely to be locally relevant, applicable and sustainable. Focus on knowledge – accept what is known but not to emphasise that it is correct, but as the basis for identifying ‘research priorities’ for social learning – and for then identifying and negotiating solutions 2.
- – and perhaps also allows for greater influence on policy processes when people themselves represent their interests based on their research, rather than only the research of external actors.