Chemotherapy uses drugs to treat diseases like cancer throughout the body. Antibiotics are classified based on their spectrum of activity, mechanism, and source. Penicillin is a natural antibiotic while semisynthetic penicillins are derived from it. They are further classified based on properties like resistance to penicillinase. Broad spectrum antibiotics treat a wide range of bacteria while narrow spectrum antibiotics treat specific types. Chemotherapy drugs are also classified into groups like beta-lactams, quinolones, and others based on their structure and antimicrobial activity.

1. CHEMOTHERAPY
Prepared by,
SUBIN RAJ R

2. • Chemotherapy is the use of any drug to treat any disease. But to most
people, the word chemotherapy means drugs used for cancer treatment. It's
often shortened to “chemo.” Surgery and radiation therapy remove, kill, or
damage cancer cells in a certain area, but chemo can work throughout the
whole body

6. ACCORDING TO SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY
• BROAD SPECTRUM
Act against wide range of disease.
Eg:Tetracycline & chloramphenicol
• SHORT SPECTRUM
Act against narrow range of disease
Eg: penicillin G & vancomycin

8. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
• Beta lactam antibiotics
• Sulfonamides,Cortimoxozole and Quinolones
• Broad spectrum antibiotics
• Macrolides ,Other antibacterial agent and chemotherapy of UTI
• Anti amoebic
• Antimalarial
• Anthelmintic, Antiviral,Antiscabies,Antitubercular
• Antileprosy,Anticancer,Immunosuppresent

15. CLASSIFICATION
• NATURAL – Penicillin G
• Semisynthetic
1.Acid resistant- Penicillin V
2.Penicillinase Resistant- Methicillin,Oxacilline, Cloxacilline
3.Aminopenicilline- Ampicilline,Becampicilline,amoxicilline
4.Antipsuedomonal Penicillin
a) Carboxypenicillin- Carbencillin Ticarcillin
b) Ureidopencilline- Azlocilline, Mezlocillin

22. • Penicillin G potassium is a fast-acting antibiotic that fights bacteria in
your body. Penicillin G potassium is used to treat many different types
of severe infections, including strep and staph infections, diphtheria,
meningitis, gonorrhea, and syphilis
• Penicillin G is a natural penicillin that is produced directly from
fermentation of Penicillium crysogenum. Penicillin V is a derivative of
penicillin G and because of similarities in spectrum of activity, is
considered a natural penicillin

43. SEMISYNTHETIC PENICILLINS
• The semisynthetic penicillin are microbiologic and clinical
standpoint.
• The various compounds are the product of the addition of
various prosthetic groups to a basic building block, 6-
aminopenicillanicacid.
• A semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant and acid-stable
penicillin with an antimicrobial activity

58. PENICILLINASE RESISTANT PENICILLINS
•Penicillinase resistant penicillin's are antibiotics,
which are not inactivated by the penicillinase
enzyme. Some bacteria produce the enzyme
penicillinase that destroys the beta-lactam ring
of the antibiotic, making the penicillin ineffective

73. ANTIPSEUDOMOMONAL PENICILLINS
•Antipseudomonal penicillins are antimicrobial
agents, which are used to treat pseudomonal
infections.
•They have the activity of penicillins and
aminopenicillins, and additional activity against
Pseudomonas, Enterococcus and Klebsiella.

74. ANTIPSEUDOMONAL PENCILLINS
•A-ZLOCILLIN
•C-ARBENCILIN
•P-IPRACILLIN
•T-ICARCILLIN
•M-EZLOCILLIN

75. ANTIPSEUDOMONAL PENCILLINS

76. ANTIPSEUDOMONAL PENCILLINS

77. • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative
opportunistic pathogen that causes severe acute and
chronic infections at different sites within the body
such as urinary tract, skin (burn or surgical wounds),
and the respiratory tract
• Proteus mirabilis mostly known to cause urinary tract
infections

78. CARBOXYPENCILLINS
Carboxypenicillin- Carbencillin ,Ticarcillin
• Effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
protease infection
• It is given Parenternallly, Oral
• Side effect: Hypernatremia, CCF, Bleeding,
Abnormal platelets aggregation

81. UREIDOPENCILLINE- AZLOCILLINE,
MEZLOCILLIN
• Ureidopencilline- Azlocilline, Mezlocillin
• Wide Antibacterial spectrum of activity
• Against- Pseudomonas and Klebsiella
• Administer intravenously
• Its combines with be lactam inhibitors – Broad-spectrum
activity

83. BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS
• Resemble Beta Lactam Antibiotic Structure
• Bind To The Beta lactamase And Protect Abs From Destruction
• Three Important Medicine
 CLAVULANIC ACID+AMOXICILLIN(AUGMENTIN)
SULBACTAM+AMPICILLINE(SULBACIN)
TAZOBACTAM+PIPRACILLIN(ZOSYN)

85. AGUMENTIN

92. CEPHALOSPORINS

100. • Citrobacter species are known to cause a wide variety
of nosocomial infections of the respiratory tract,
urinary tract, and the blood . Hepatic, biliary and
pancreatic disease .
• Serratia is a genus of Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-
shaped bacteria . The most common and pathogenic
of nosocomial infections.

105. CARBAPENEMS

106. CARBAPENEMS

110. MONOBACTAMS
• Monobactam is a subgroup of β-lactam
antibiotics wherein the β-lactam ring is alone
. They are effective only against aerobic
Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Neisseria,
Pseudomonas).

111. MONOBACTAMS
• Aztreonam is used to treat severe infections of the
blood, urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, skin,
stomach, or female reproductive organs.
• They are only against gram –eve
bacteria(Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus)

117. CLASSIFICATION
TETRACYCLINS
(Oh Te Ch )
O-xy tetracycline
T-etracyclin
C-hlor tetracycline
SEMISYNTHETIC
(Me Do MinD)
M-ethacycline
D-oxycycline
M-ino cycline
D-emeclocyclin

119. TETRACYCLINS

125. USES
•EMPIRICAL THERAPY
Empiric therapy or empirical therapy is medical treatment or therapy based on experience and,
more specifically, therapy begun on the basis of a clinical "educated guess" in the absence of
complete or perfect information
•FIRST CHOICE OF DRUG
•SECOND CHOICE OF DRUG

131. TETRACYCLIN
• One of the broad
spectrum antibiotic ,
classify under short
acting Tetracycline
• Ttetracycline is an
antibiotic that fights
infection caused by
bacteria.
• Tetracycline is used to
treat many different
bacterial infections of the
skin, intestines,
respiratory tract, urinary
tract, genitals, lymph
nodes, and other body
systems

135. • Aquarium granuloma
(also known as "fish tank
granuloma" and "swimming pool
granuloma") is a skin condition
caused by Mycobacterium
marinum, characterized by a skin
lesion that presents roughly
three weeks after exposure

138. CHLORAMPHENICOL
• Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic. It's mainly used to treat eye
infections (such as conjunctivitis) and sometimes ear infections.
Chloramphenicol comes as eye drops or eye ointment. These are
available on prescription or to buy from pharmacies.
• Most of a chloramphenicol dose is metabolised by the liver to inactive
products, the chief metabolite being a glucuronide conjugate; only 5
to 15% of chloramphenicol is excreted unchanged in the urine. The
elimination half-life is approximately 4 hours

144. Gray baby syndrome (also termed Gray or Grey
syndrome) is a rare but serious side effect that occurs in
newborn infants (especially premature babies) following the
accumulation of antibiotic chloramphenicol.

173. NEOMYCIN
•Neomycin oral tablet is used to prevent or treat
bacterial infections in the intestines. It's given
before certain surgeries. It's also used to treat
hepatic coma, which is the loss of brain function
due to a liver problem

181. • Kidney Acidosis pt. in ER
Ketolids
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Roxythromycin

194. SULFONAMIDES

202. • Nocardia infection is an
infection caused by a
bacterium. It usually starts
in the lungs. It may spread
to other organs, most often
the brain and the skin. It
may also involve the
kidneys, joints, heart, eyes,
and bones. Nocardia
bacteria are found in soil
around the world.

203. • Hemophilic ducrey is a fastidious gram-negative
bacillus bacteria, which causes the sexually
transmitted disease, a major cause of genital
ulceration in developing countries characterized by
painful sores on the genitalia.

204. Steven Johnson Syndrome

208. COTRIMOXAZOLE

210. • Chancroid is a bacterial sexually transmitted
disease (STD) caused by infection with Hemophilic
ducreyi. It is characterized by painful necrotizing
genital ulcers that may be accompanied by inguinal
lymphadenopathy. It is a highly contagious but
curable disease