Developed By Dr Avinash of IIT Mumbai.

1. SOIL BIOTECHNOLOGY/ SBT SYSTEM
All India Distillery Association, 26-27th February, 2011
Dr. Avinash M Kadam (Ph.D, IIT Bombay)
Managing Director
SUGAM PARYAVARAN VIKALP PVT LTD
www.sugam.in

2. What we do?
A. Market & implement IIT Bombay patented technology
“Soil Biofilter Technology” i.e. SBT
B. Apply SBT for
a. Sewage Treatment & Recycling
b. Effluent Treatment & Recycling
c. Grey Water Recycling
d. Water Treatment & Recycling
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3. What is SBT?
 Developed by IIT Bombay during 1988 – 2001
 Technology patented in USA and India
 Evergreen biological purification engine
 Process uses formulated media, culture & additive to achieve
desired water quality
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4. Technology Credentials
1. Indigenously developed by IIT Bombay
2. Covered under US & Indian Patent
3. “Best innovation” award by Siemens –Water
4. “One of the four best innovations” – Ministry of
External Affairs, GOI
5. Listed by Ministry of Defense for wastewater recycling
6. Already in the domain of MCGM, KDMC etc.

5. WHY SBT????

6. Carbon cycle
CO2 in the
Atmosphere
6 750 45+45
110
Photosynthesis 40-60 Respiration
(1-10 y)
90
Plants Animals CO2 4,000
500 100-150 Live 1-5
(50 y) (2 y) Dead carbon
750
(0.2y)
Dead Organics in
Soil (1 y)
50 - 65
50 18
Fossil Dead Organics Holdups 1015g per yr
Fuels Reserve in Soil Fluxes 1015g per yr
4,000 1,576
(300 y)
Global Carbon Cycle (Meilli, 1995)

7. ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN
DIFFERENT HABITATS
1. Water 500 kJ/g live C. yr
2. Land 3 kJ/g live C.
yr

8. SCHEMATIC OF WATER RENOVATION
Recycle (vr ) Feed (vf )
Reactor
C1
Discharge (vf )
C2

9. Typical Layout
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10. What is SBT System?
Media
Culture Media
e
Cultur
Soil
SBT
Biotechnology
e
Additiv
Plantation Additives
tion
Planta

11. USP
 It provides primary, secondary and tertiary treatment all in one
unit; in a single evergreen facility open to atmosphere.
 It is very simple to operate, maintain.
 It does not require skilled man-power.
 It is cost competitive particular with reference to O&M cost.
 No pre-treatment
 No chemical usage
 Absence of any moving part
 Odour-free
 Low energy requirement and
 Green environment are its unique features.

12. What we can process?
1.Raw Water slurry
2. Air scrubbing
3. Leachates of solids
4. Waste water
- Distillery spent leese/condensate treatment
- Sugar Effluent
- Ammoniacal-N containing Fertilizer Effluent
- VOCs
- Textile waste water
- Dairy wastewater
- Printing spent ink wash effluent Treatment
- Industrial dye effluent treatment
- Coffee Effluent treatment

13. SBT output water Quality
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14. AESTHATIC FOR WASTE PROCESSING??
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15. SBT PLANT
Renovation of colony sewage for irrigation in sports
Renovation of colony sewage for irrigation in sports
complex
complex

16. SBT PLANT
Small Colony sewage
Small Colony sewage
treatment showing
treatment showing
untreated & treated water
untreated & treated water

17. SBT PLANT
Retrofitting of idle activated sludge plant
Retrofitting of idle activated sludge plant

18. 150 KLD at Naval Housing
Colony
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19. SBT PLANT
3MLD Sewage Purification in Corporation Of Bombay

20. Distribution
Operation Schematics

22. 120 KLD Plant at M P. Airport, AAI, Udaipur, Rajasthan

23. REUSABLE WATER FROM WASTEWATER
Wastewater Treated Wastewater

24. 1 MLD FACILITY FOR BPGC (Mumbai)

25. NOW WE INTRODUCE OUR SPECIALISED SOIL BIO TECHNOLOGY!!!

26. Our Sincere Acknowledgement to…
Rajarambapu Patil Sahakari Sakhar
Karkhana Ltd
Tal. Walva, Dist. Sangli, Maharashtra

27. DISTILLERY EVAPORATOR
CONDENSATE / SPENT LEESE
TREATMENT
pH : 3–5
TDS : 100 mg/L
COD : 1500 – 3000 mg/L
BOD : 800 -1500 mg/L
ODOUR

28. VARIOUS TECHNOLOGICAL OPTION
- CONVENTIONAL AEROBIC TREATMENT
- CONVENTIONAL ANAEROBIC TREATMENT
- CONVENTIONAL AEROBIC TREATMENT FOLLOWED BY
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES
- CONVENTIONAL ANAEROBIC TREATMENT FOLLOWED BY
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES
- MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES ( RO – MBR) ALONE

29. An Exercise with Distillery Process
Condensate recycling
• Location : Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd
Walva, Islampur,
Dist.Sangli, MS, INDIA
• Sugarcane Crushing : 12000 TCD/day
• Distillery production : 100 cum/d
• Electricity export to grid: 7 MW/day

30. Plant summary
Item Specification
Capacity. 25 KL/day
Area Existing Tank (100 sqm)
Duration of Operation. 12 hours per day
Rate of Sewage Input. 2.5 cum /hour
Output water 24 kL
Cooling make up and
Output Water Quality
fermentation make up

31. Schematic of the process
pH Ozonation
Raw adjustment
Tank (10 ppm)
with lime
Settling
(0.5 hr)
Bioreactor
Recycling
Discharge/
Recycle

32. Schematic of the process

33. ETP or Garden??

34. ETP or Garden??

35. Output water Quality
COD (mg/L) pH
Sr No
Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet
1 1750 27
2 1350 34
3 1450 30 3.0-4.5 7.2-8.0
4 2400 40
5 1800 32

36. Result means…….
Water Scenario at RBSSK:
• Water for Dilution with Molasses : 1000 cum/d
• Water for condensing, cooling,
and blow down : 460 cum/d
• D.M. water requirement for dilution
in New Plant : 190 cum/d
• Soft water requirement for Vacuum
pump, Alcohol scrubber and F.O.
Decanter : 190 cum/d
• D.M. water requirement for dilution
in ENA plant : 120 cum/d
TOTAL: 1960 cum/d

37. Result means…….
Water for recycling: >720 cum/d (out of 750 cum/d)
SBT Output water
Disinfection
Softener
Water for
Dilution in Water for
Fermentor cooling

38. Dr. Avinash M. Kadam Mr. Kiran Kotian
Ph.D (Chem Engg., IIT Bombay) (Head Projects)
sugamparyavaran@gmail.com Email: kiran@sugam.in
Phone: +91 9769838718 Phone: +91 9833663346
+91 9833663346
www.sugam.in

39. We do ……………..
• Design and Turnkey execution of SBT and SBT plants for
STP and ETP applications
• Retrofit of pre-existing STP/ETPs with SBT systems
• Design of zero discharge air scrubbers for removal of waste
noxious gases (Sulphur, NOx and organic pollutants from
Industrial processes).
• Design Consultancy for Water and Waste Streams Auditing,
targeting Zero Discharge Norms
• Energy Auditing and Pinch analysis of heat sources to
reduce energy consumption.
• Distillery Process Condensate Treatment
• Printing spent ink wash effluent Treatment
• Industrial dye effluent treatment
• Coffee Effluent treatment
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40. PROCESS CHEMISTRY
Aerobic Respiration
(CH2ONxPySzKy)n + nO2 + nH2O = nCO2 + 2nH2O + Mineral (N, P, S, K) + Energy (1)
Photosynthesis
nCO2 + 2nH2O + Minerals (N,P, S,K) + Sunlight = [CH2ONxPySzKy]n + nO2 + nH2O (Photosynthesis) (2)
Nitrogen Fixation
N2 + 2H2O + Energy = NH3 + O2 ( in soil) (3)
N2 + 2H2O + Light = NH3 + O2 (in water) (4)
Acidogenesis
4C3H7O2NS (cell mass) + 8H20 = 4CH3COOH + 4CO2 + 4NH3 + 4H2S + 8H+ + 8e- (5)
Methanogenesis
8H+ + 8e- + 3CH3COOH + CO2 = 4CH4 + 3CO2 + 2H2O (6)
Adding 5 and 6 give overall biomethanation chemistry
4C3H7O2NS + 6H20 = CH3COOH + 6CO2 + 4CH4 + 4NH3 + 4H2S (7)
Mineral weathering
CO2 + H2O = HCO3 - + H+ (8)
Primary mineral + CO2 + H2O = M+n + n HCO3 - + soil/clay/sand (9)
Nitrification
NH3 + CO2 + 1.5O2 = Nitrosomonas + NO2- + H2O + H+ (10)
NO2-+ CO2 + 0.5O2 = Nitrobacter + NO3- (11)
Denitrification
4NO3- + 2H2O + energy = 2N2 + 5O2 + 4OH - (12a)

41. Components of CSF Media
Influent Waste
Water
Media: Respiration Plantation:
Photosynthesis
(CH2ONxPySzKy)n+nO2+nH2O =
nCO2+2n H2O+ Mineral + Energy nCO2+ 2n H2O+ (N,P,S,K) +
NH4+NO2 = N2+H2O Sunlight= [CH2ONxPySzKy]n+
4C3H7O2NS + 8H20 = 4CH3COOH + nO2+ H2O
4CO2 + 4NH3
3CH3COOH + CO2 = 4CH4 + 3CO2 +
2H2O
Constructed Soil Filter
N2+H2O = (CSF) Media Natural
Formulation O2
NH3+O2
Additives: Weathering Microorganisms
(Task Force)
CO2 + H2O = HCO3 - + H+ +
Geophagus worm
Primary mineral + CO2 + H2O = M+n + (Controls ecology)
nHCO3 -+ Soil/clay/sand
Clear Effluent

42. Why Weathered Environment ?
 Microbial Diversity (Curtis & Sloan, Science 309, 2005)
Soil : 1012-1016 cells/g soil; 105-106 genera Oceans: 160 per mL;
Water : 103 genera Soil: 6400-38000 per g;
Sewage: 70 per mL
 Energetic (ca.)
Land : 3.2 kJ/g.live C.yr
Water : 700 kJ/g.live C.yr
 Oxygen diffusion coefficient (Perry’s Handbook, 1999)
Soil : 10-5 m2s-1
Water : 10-9 m2s-1
Solubility of Oxygen in water is very low (0.3 millimol/L at 20 0C)
 Immobilization of pollutant; hence high reaction rates Vs local pollution becomes global;
low reaction rates due to dilution
 Heterogenous system; housing multiple microenvironment viz. oxic, anoxic and
anaerobic within same niche Vs only one within the same niche..

43. PERFORMANCE VARIATION OF SBT PLANT :
20 20
18 COD SS DO BOD Ammonical-N pH 18
16 16
14 14
12 12
pH
mg/l
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
June July August September October November December
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44. Layout for processing of Wastewater
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45. Media & Culture
• Underdrain:- Stone rubble of various sizes ranging upto Gravel (200.0-2.0
mm), Very coarse sand (1.0-2.0 mm), Coarse sand (0.5-1.0 mm), Medium
sand (0.25-0.5 mm), Fine sand (0.1-0.25 mm)
• Media:- Formulated from soil as required and primary minerals of suitable
particle size and composition
• Culture:- Geophagus (Soil living) worm Pheretima elongata and bacterial
culture from natural sources containing bacteria capable of processing
cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, also nitrifying and denitrifying organisms.
Anaerobic organisms for methanogenesis. For industrial wastes,
development of appropriate culture required
• Additives:- Formulated from natural materials of suitable particle size and
composition to provide sites for respiration, CO2 capture
• Bioindicators:- Green plants particularly with tap root system