Upfront mortgage insurance is just one of the insurance premiums you will pay when you take on a new FHA loan. This insurance gets paid at the beginning of the loan and is a one-time fee; once you pay it at the closing (unless you finance it), you are done; you do not pay it again. This mortgage insurance money goes directly into a reserve account that the FHA holds in order to be able to guarantee FHA loans. If a lender were to come to the FHA and state that a particular borrower defaulted on their loan and now they had to foreclose on it, the FHA is supposed to guarantee the lender those funds, which is why the mortgage insurance premium is charged.