E Vehicles Mobility

1. DO WELL DO GOOD
Will electric 3 wheelers be the norm in India ?
Consulting Presentation
15 October
2021
LU – Mobility, IIT
Ropar Amritanshu
Khare Debjit Bhowal
Kritik Verma
AdityaAggarwal

2. 2
Copyright ©2021 ShARE. All Rights Reserved
Executive Summary
• Electrification will start in Tier 1 cities and move down to tier 2 and 3 gradually.
• Electric rickshaw market expected to grow to $1.85 bn by2026.
• Passenger user segment and load carrier to hold a 60-40 percent in distribution.
• Pre-covid electric 3W market grew 21% from 2017-18 to2018-19.
• Indian Govt. policies, instead of focusing on private vehicles, lays emphasis on
subsidizingpublic electric vehicles, as no lucrative opportunities for personal electric
vehicle sales.
• Electrification to be a key component for the net zero pledge by 2070 the government
made.
• Last-mile delivery to become a $6 bn dollar industry in India by 2024, road-ready 3-
wheelers to become its future.
• Ride hailing and shared mobility will drive the future of EV 3 Wheelers.
• Electrification would help save the billions it takes to import oil.
• Electric vehicle market to grow 50% in fiftyyears.
• Part manufacturing to be a gain significance inelectrification.
• Battery technology a hot area of research for electric vehicles.

3. 3
Copyright ©2019 ShARE. All Rights
The need is to first understand how the electric 3 wheeler market
in India is classified so as to get an idea how the electrification
process needs to proceed.
Mobility
MARKET SEGMENTATION IN INDIA
ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET
BY
APPLICATION
• PASSANG
ER
CARRIER
• CARGO CARRIER
BY END-USE
CITY
TYPE
BY PRICE BY
COMPONENT
• <1500
• 1500-2500
• >2500
• TIER -1
• TIER -2
• TIER -3
• MOTOR
AND
TRANMISSI
ON
• BATTERY
• REGEN BREAKS
• CONVERT
OR,
TELEMATI
CS

4. 4
Copyright ©2019 ShARE. All Rights
The Electric Rickshaw market is expected to grow at a steady
pace, with passenger user segment expected to hold the larger
share in the market.
Mobility foresight, Mordor
• The passenger carrier segment is expected to
hold the larger share in the Indian electric
rickshaw market in the future, based on end
user.
• Indian Electric Rickshaw Market – Revenue
Share (%) by end use type, 2020 was
around 60-40 for passenger and load carrier.
Indian Electric Rickshaw
Market - Revenue Share
(%) 2020
Passeng
er
Load
Carrier
2020 2026
Electric 3V Market in India (2019-
25)
Electric Rickshaw
Market in India (2020-
26) Expected Growth
CAGR
33%
$1854M
$1054M
• The Indian electric rickshaw market was
valued at USD 1,045 million in 2020, and it
is expected to reach USD 1,854 million by
2026, registering a CAGR of about 33%
during the forecast period (2021 - 2026).

5. 5
Copyright ©2019 ShARE. All Rights
Sales of the Electric 3V segment grew steadily before the
onset of COVID, with the northern states of India contributing
significantly to the market growth.
Mordor Intelligence, SMEV
Delh
i
Uttar
Pradesh
Tripur
a
Assa
m
Biha
r
Rest of the
Country
Indian Electric Rickshaw Market
Growth Rate - Statewise,
2020
Indian Electric Rickshaw Market Growth Rate - Statewise,
2020
• Sales of electric three-wheeler segment
grew 21 percent during 2018-19 to
630,000 as against 520,000 sold in
2017-18.
• This was the first time electric 3 wheelers
were sold more than the conventional
ones in India.
0
2,00,00
0
4,00,00
0
6,00,00
0
8,00,00
0
2017-
18
2018-
19
Sales of Eletric
3V
Sales of Eletric
3V
Growth Rate
21%
Uttar Pradesh is expected to be the largest electric rickshaw
market in India, followed by Delhi during the forecast period,
primarily due to the growing demand for these rickshaws in
Tier-1 cities, Tier-2 cities, and the rural-urban fringe.

6. 6
Copyright ©2021 ShARE. All Rights
GOI role in promoting EVs
Bee India
Government of India NITIAayog
Policy roadmap
Consultatio
n
Ministries
Ministry of Heavy Industries
and Public Enterprises Ministry of Power
Ministry of Science
and
Technology
Ministry of Housing and
Urban Affairs
• MoHIPE has been
leading electric mobility
initiatives in India since
2013.
• MoHIPE launched the
NEMMP and manages
FAME scheme to
disburse financial
incentives.
• The MoP launched
the National e-
Mobility programme
by procuring EVs
and EVSE through
EESL.
• The MoP released
a notification
declaring EV
charging to be a
service rather than
sale of electricity.
• The MoST has
formed a
“Technology
Platform for Electric
Mobility (TPEM)”,
funded primarily by
the MoHIPE.
• MoST will play a key
role in forming
electric mobility
standardization
roadmap for India.
• Initial EV development will be
predominantly an urban
scenario led by cities.
• MoH&UA notified that
residential and commercial
complexes will have to allot
20% of their parking space for
electric vehicle charging
facilities

7. 7
India vs World
• India’s is improving but still lags
behind other big nations.
• No lucrative incentives for purchase
of EV vehicles
• No properly developed infrastructure
to support EVs
TOI
Indi
a
Worl
d
• High incentives, on purchase of EV
Vehicles
• Sophisticated infrastructure in form
of charging stations for EVs
Share of plug-in electric vehicles in new passenger vehiclesales
%
0
15
10
5
Indi
a Financial
Year
US
A
Chin
a
German
y
18-
19
19-
20
20-
21
• India's promotion policy is unique in its own way. Instead of focusing on personal cars in a nation
where less than four million cars are sold annually, we are instead focusing on public transport
system.
• Hence the primary aim is to subsidize the buses and three-wheelers.

8. 8
Copyright ©2021 ShARE. All Rights
What more can be done & learnings from other countries
Source :
IEA
Many countries have pledged for net zero emission and some for 100% Electrified
Vehicle Sales. India too recently pledged for net zero emission by 2070. Indiashould
also work on devising a policy for 100% EV sales in nearfuture.

9. 9
Copyright ©2021 ShARE. All Rights Reserved
Last-mile delivery to become a $6 bn dollar industry in India by
2024, road-ready 3-wheelers to become its future
Economic Times: Road-ready electric 3-wheelers to be the
future of last-mile goods delivery in India
“The technical edge of modern 3W EVs will certainly help accurately plan delivery routes, fleet maintenance, all the while being
environmentally sustainable and cost-effective. The 3-wheel electric vehicle is not the key to the future of last-mile mobility, it IS
the future.” – Economic Times
Source:
New Indian Express: Rising e-commerce shipments to
boost last mile delivery biz to $6 bn by 2024
Note
• Amazon India had announced in January 2020, that it will
introduce 10,000 EVs (3Ws & 4Ws) in its final-miledelivery
vehicles’ fleet latest by 2025.
Last-mile delivery is the movement of goods within 200
km (one side), with a round trip less than 24 hours, and a
load less than 5 tonnes
2018 2020
Y
ear
2024
Value
($bn)
8%
GDP
Road Logistics
75%
All Logistics
Road
0.81
4
1.3
6
Last-mile delivery market in India
6

10. 10
Copyright ©2021 ShARE. All Rights Reserved
Ride hailing and shared mobility will drive the future of EV 3
Wheelers
0 5 10 15 20
Passenger Miles Travelled, LA(bn)
25
202
0
202
1
Cities with Rapido 3W available
Cities
Note
• Rapido expands 3 wheeler ride
hailing services to 14 more cities.
0
%
20
%
40
%
60
%
80
%
100
%
202
0
203
0
Pvt.
Car
Train
Bu
s
Bicycl
e
Wal
k
Shared
Mobility
• Major clients to shift from everyday
consumer to fleet managers and
mobility operators.
• 3 Wheelers being the most preferred
option for short travel, including them
in ride hailing can aim for a $6.01bn
market.
90%
2030 2050
Number of shared vehicles purchased
10%
33%
Source:
Rapido expands 3-wheeler auto services to 11 more cities: ET Auto
India Three Wheeler Market Outlook: GoldSteinResearch
Technology Start-ups in Electric…: Ken Research

11. 11
Copyright ©2021 ShARE. All Rights Reserved
$60 bn in oil imports saved by 2030
Currently, 82% of India’s oil demandis
fulfilled by imports.
Price of electricity as fuel could fall as
low as Rs 1.1/km.
Electric vehicle owner save up to Rs.
20,000 for every 5,000km traversed.
Electrification will help reduce vehicular
emissions, a key contributor to air
pollution.
Air pollution causes an average 3%
GDP loss every year.
On average, electric vehicles are 75-
80% cheaper from a fuel and
maintenance perspective
Source:
Why The Future of Electric Vehicles Appears Promising in India: EleTimes
The Future of Electric Vehicles in India

12. 12
Copyright ©2019 ShARE. All Rights
In 50 years, the electric vehicle market will have grown
significantly
2030
2000 2010 2020 2040 2050
Milestone
Building the
infrastructure for
Evs (charging
stations, repairing
facilities, etc.)
Target
Revenue
0% 3.2% 30%
0.1% 50%
10%
Source:
www.iea.org,
datatopics.worldbank.org www3.weforum.org
Targeted
Consumers
Upper middle
class
consumer’s
Lower middle
class
consumer’s
High income consumer’s Low income
consumer’s
Convincing the
consumer that Evs
are better option
for them
Setting up an
environment
friendly
production
line
Invest in
inexpensive
electric
vehicles to
meet the
demands of
lower-
income
consumers.
Revenue share is calculated w.r.t. total automotive market

13. 13
Copyright ©2019 ShARE. All Rights
15
%
55
%
35
%
Raw
Material
suppliers
Component Battery &
OEM Suppliers
Current Trends
The Current Value Addition of the EV Ecosystem
20
%
35
%
45
%
Battery
&
OEM
Raw Material
Component
Suppliers
Expected
Trends
The departing lithium-ion battery and some powertrain components are one of the most important
components of the OEM value addition of the EV vehicle. The car OEM's value addition in a
world without lithium-ion battery would be confined to chassis, body, vehicle assembly, and motor
manufacturing.
Source: www3.weforum.org

14. 14
Copyright ©2019 ShARE. All Rights
• sciencedirect.c
OEM : Batteries
Batteries are the most essential element of an electric vehicle, accounting for 60% of the vehicle's total weight.
We can improve the efficiency, speed, and affordability of electric vehicles by improving the batteries and their
manufacturing process.
Electrode
Material
preparation
Electrode
Coating
Solvent
Recovery and
calendaring
Electrode
slitting and
vacuum drying
Final cell sealing &
charge retention
testing
Electrode filling
and cell closing
Cell enclosure
& terminal
welding
Cell
stacking/windin
g
Production line of EV batteries
217.
2
Top Batteries
Exporters
23.1 20 46.9
14 5 1.7
US
Poland
Hungar
y
China
All values are in
GWH