The PowerPoint presentation on programming languages provides an insightful overview of the fundamental concepts, types, and applications of programming languages. The presentation begins by introducing the concept of programming languages and their significance in software development and computer programming. It covers the major categories of programming languages, including procedural, object-oriented, functional, and scripting languages, discussing their characteristics, syntax, and primary use cases. The presentation highlights popular programming languages such as Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript, showcasing their strengths, ecosystems, and industry applications. It also touches upon emerging trends in programming languages, such as machine learning and data science-focused languages. The presentation equips the audience with a broad understanding of programming languages, enabling them to make informed decisions and choose the most suitable language for their development projects.
2. What is a Programming Language?
● A language is a source of communication. With the help of computer
language the programmer tells the computer what he/she wants to do .
● Computer language has its own set of symbols ,each symbols tells the
computer to perform a specific task .
● Each and every problem solved by the computer has to be broken down
into logical steps which has the following basic operations - input data
,process data and output data .
● Computer languages are classified into following categories :-
1. Machine language
2. Assembly language
3. High - level language
3. Types of Programming Languages :-
1. Machine Language:-
Machine language is the language understood by a computer. It is very
difficult to understand, but it is the only thing that the computer can
work with. All programs and programming languages eventually
generate or run programs in machine language.
Machine language, the numeric codes for the operations that a
particular computer can execute directly. The codes are strings of 0s
and 1s, or binary digits (“bits”), which are frequently converted both
from and to hexadecimal (base 16) for human viewing and modification.
●
Machine Codes
4. Machine languages are sometimes referred to as the 1st
generation programming languages.
The popular binary coding systems ASCII & EBCDIC use 8-bits . The
UNICODE is new system, uses 16-bits.
● Advantages of Machine language :
1. It makes fast and efficient use of the computer.
2. It requires no translator to translate the code that is directly
understood by the computer
3. The performance and efficiency of CPU increases if instructions
are given in machine language
● Disadvantages of Machine language :-
1. All operation codes and all memory addresses have to be
remembered.
2. It is hard to find errors in a program written in machine
language
3. Many days are required to complete the program coding so it is
time consuming
5. 2. Assembly language :-
An assembly language is a type of low-level programming language
that is intended to communicate directly with a computer's hardware.
Unlike machine language, which consists of binary and hexadecimal
characters, assembly languages are designed to be readable by
humans.
Assembly languages are also called as low level languages in which
the sequence of zeros and ones are replaced by mnemonic codes.
Typical instructions like ADD for addition and SUB for subtraction are
used.
Assembly Codes
6. The computer system only understand the languages of 0s and 1s
,therefore a system program is known as Assembler is used . An assembler
is a program that converts assembly language into machine code.
● Advantages of Assembly Language :-
1. Easy to understand
2. Easy to remove errors
3. Easy to modify
4. Saves time and reduces work
● Disadvantages of Assembly Language :-
1. Like machine language it is also machine dependent.
2. Since, it is machine dependent, the programmer should have the
knowledge of the hardware also.
3. Coding is time consuming.
7. 3. High - level language :-
A high-level language (HLL) is a programming language such as C,
FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are
more or less independent of a particular type of computer. Such languages
are considered high-level because they are closer to human languages and
further from machine languages.
Examples of high-level programming languages in active use today include
Python, Visual Basic, Delphi, Perl, PHP, ECMAScript, Ruby, C#, Java and
many others.
Source code written in languages like C++ and C# must be compiled into
machine code to run. The compilation process translate the human relatable
structure into low level language for a particular proce.
High level
languages
8. ● Advantages of High Level Language :-
1. High level language require less time to write .
2. They use words and symbols like English language, hence it is easier to
learn it as compared to assembly level language.
3. Language is machine independent but programming is for problem, hence
can be used on any computer.
4. The length of programme i.e. lines of code are less than the assembly
language code, hence less time is required.
5. The length of programme are less then assembly language code, hence less
time is required.
6. Maintenance is easier.
● Disavantages of High level Language :-
1. The bigger size language processors required as these languages use many
words.
2. The internal memory required is more due to bigger size.
3. The object code generated by a translator might be inefficient compared to
an equivalent assembly languages program.
