This slide includes about the Entrepreneurs that how they trade in the International Markets.

1. Creating and Managing New
Ventures
Subject:- Identifying and analysing domestic and international opportunities.
Presented By :-
Group- 8
&
Group- 10
Group Members Name:-
Shradha Bhutra
Souvik Day
Siddhanta Chatterjee
Swapnojit Banerjee
Vishal Roy (B)
&
Sunny

2.  IDENTIFYING & ANALYZING DOMESTIC &
INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES:-

3.  OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION AND THE
OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT PLAN
Be shorter
Focus on opportunity not Venture
Specific Aspects of the product or Service
Social condition underlying this market need
Size of the Domestic & International Market
Growth Rate of the market

4. INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
An entrepreneur doing business across his or her
national boundary.

5. FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL
PERFORMANCE
1.ECONOMICS
2.STAGE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
3.CURRENT ACCOUNT
4.TYPE OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM
5.POLITICAL-LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
6.LANGUAGE

6.  CULTURE
The single most factor important problem.
It is learned behaviour and the identity of an individual and society.

7. ASPECTS OF CULTURE
1.RELIGION
2.POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
3.ECONOMICS AND ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY
4.EDUCATION
5.MANNERS AND CUSTOMS

8.  Globalise Your Thoughts.
 Entrepreneurs have to think globally to survive locally.
Even the smallest "Mom-and-Pop" shop might sell
products made overseas, and that shop can also sell
to customers in other countries through the Internet. All
this interconnectedness creates a domino effect when
one country's economy suffers. Exports might drop in
that country, leaving entrepreneurs without products
and raw materials they were used to buying.
Entrepreneurship today means staying abreast of
worldwide trends.

9. Motivations to global (An Entrepreneurial Challenge).
 Strategies are taken by the global entrepreneur.
 Foreign market selection.
 Team work makes an entrepreneur to reach a bigger goal.
 How to find the area of expansion in the global market.

10. ENTREPRENEURIAL ENTRY
STRATEGIES.
THE MODE OF ENTERING OR ENGAGING IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CAN
BE 3 GENERAL CATEGORIES:-
 EXPORTING
 NON-EQUITY ARRANGEMENTS
 DIRECT FOREIGN ARRANGEMENT

11. Exporting.
 An Entrepreneur starts doing International Business through Exporting.
 Exporting normally involves the sale & shipping of products manufactured in one country to a
customer located in another country.
 There are two general classifications of Exporting:-
1. Direct.
2. Indirect.
 Direct Exporting:-
 It involves the use of independent distributors or the company’s own overseas sales office in
conducting International Business.
 Entrepreneur also can open their own overseas sales office & hire their own sales people to provide
market representation.
 As more business is done in the overseas sales office, warehouses are usually opened, followed by
a local assembly process when sales reach a high level enough to warrant the investment.
 Entrepreneur can then export the output from these manufacturing operations to other
International market.
 Indirect Exporting:-
 It involves having a foreign purchase in the Local market or using an export Management Firm.
 For certain Commodities & manufactured goods, foreign buyers actively seek out sources of supply
& have purchasing offices in markets throughout the world.
Non-equity Arrangement.
 It is a Method by which an Entrepreneur can enter a market & obtain sales & profits without direct

12.  An Entrepreneur can enter into International Business by following three types of Non-Equity
Arrangements:-
Licensing.
 It involves giving a foreign manufacturer the right to use a Patent, Technology, Production Process,
or Product in return for the payment of a Royalty.
Turn-key Projects.
 It is a method of doing International Business whereby a foreign Entrepreneur supplies the
manufacturing technology or Infrastructure for a Business & then turns it over to local Owners.
 It is a another method by which the Entrepreneur can do International Business without much risk is
through Turn-key Projects.
Management Contracts.
 It is a Non-Equity method of International Business in which an Entrepreneur contracts his or her
management techniques & Skills to a foreign company.
 Several Entrepreneurs have successfully entered International Business by contracting their
management techniques & skills.
Direct Foreign Investment.
 It is a mode of ownership for entrepreneurs using direct foreign investment for doing business in
International Markets .
 Joint Ventures & minority & majority equity positions are also methods for making direct foreign
investments.
Minority Interests.

13.  Joint Ventures.
 It is an another direct foreign investment method used by entrepreneurs to enter Foreign market.
 Joint Ventures joining of two firms in order to form a 3rd company in which the equity is shared.
 Entrepreneurs use joint ventures most often in two situations:-
1. When the entrepreneur wants to purchase local knowledge.
2. When rapid entry into a market is needed.
 Another reason for forming a joint venture to obtain a competitive advantage.
 It helps to access new customers & expand the market base.
 Majority Interest.
 It is an another method by which an entrepreneur can enter International markets is through the
purchase of majority interest in a foreign business.
 The purchase over 50 % of the equity in a firm is the majority interest.
 Mergers.
 An entrepreneur can obtain 100 % ownership to ensure complete control.
 For successful entry into a market an entrepreneur requires Capital, Technology, & Marketing Skills..
 Merge Types:-
 There are basically Five types of mergers:-
1. Horizontal Merger.
2. Vertical Merger.
3. Product Extension.
4. Market Extension.
5. Diversified Activity.

14.  ENTREPRENEURIAL PARTNERING:
 To enter an international market the entrepreneur should partner with an
entrepreneur of that country who is a good one and helps in achieving
market goals share visions and not only exploits one another for their
own benefits.
 Barriers to international trade.
 Varying attitude throughout the world concerning trade.
 General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT):
 GATT is a multilateral agreement with the objective of liberalisation of
trade by eliminating or reducing tariffs, subsidies and imports quotas.
 Increasing protectionist attitude:
 Support for GATT goes up and down. GATT is replaced by WTO(world
trade organisation) which came into effect on 1995 and is an extension of
GATT, supplemented by several other agreements, including more
efficient and legally binding means of dispute resolution.

15.  Trade Blocs and Free Trade Areas:
 Many trade blocs and FTA(free trade areas) are established between nations to support
and development of more liberal trade relations and reduced barriers and quotas and
encourage investments.
 Entrepreneur's Strategy and Trade Barriers:
 Trade barriers becomes problems wanting to involve in international business like cost
of exporting rises, voluntary export restraint limits ability to sell in a country, etc
 Strategies:
 Establish production facilities in that country to make it economical.
 Locate assembly or production facilities in a country to conform to the local
regulations of the country.
 Implications for the Global Entrepreneur:
 Cultural, political, economic distribution system of a country clearly influence its
attractiveness as potential market and investment opportunity.
 Cost and political are lower in politically advanced countries. In long run benefits
depends on country’s future growth and expansion. So entrepreneurs must carefully
analyse the countries before entering a country.
