geo

1. Major Landforms
of Earth
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2. Landforms of Earth:

3. Types of Landforms
1. Mountains
2. Valleys
3. Plains
4. Plateau
5. Islands
6. Lakes
7. Ocean
8. Coast
9. Deserts
10. Rivers
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5. Internal processes: This
process leads to the upliftment
and sinking of the earth’s surface
at several places.
Landforms are a
result of:
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6. which are the Internal processes?
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7. Internal processes:
examples:
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Earthquakes
Volcanic eruptions
Movement of earth plates

8. External process: It is the
continuous wearing down and
rebuilding of the land surface.
 The wearing down of earth’s
surface is called erosion.
The surface is rebuilt by the
process of deposition. 8

10. External processes:
examples:
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Landslides
Floods
Tsunami
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Glaciers

11. Landforms: Mountain
A mountain is any
natural elevation
of the earth’s
surface.
In some mountains
,there are
permanently
frozen river of
ice called glaciers
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12. •Mountain may have a small summit and a broad base.
•It is considerably higher than surrounding area.
•Some mountains are even higher than clouds. Higher
we go colder it is.
•There are some mountains which is hidden under
sea.
•Harsh climate, less people live in the mountain areas
•Slopes are steep, less land are available for fa
rming.
•Mountains have rich variety of flora and fauna

13. •Mountains are storehouse of the water
•Many rivers sources are glaciers in the
mountain.
•Reservoirs are made for the pupose of
irrigation and hydroelectricity.
•The rivers valleys and terraces are ideal
for cultivation.
•Mountains have rich variey of flora and
fauna
•The forest provide fuel, fodder, shelter,
and other products like gum, raisins etc.
•Mountains provide and idealic site for
tourists.

14. •Several sports like paragliding, hang
gliding, river rafting, skiing are popular in
the mountains.

16. 16

17. The Himalayas - India, Asia the
Alps- Europe
the Andes- South America
The Appalachians- North America
Mountains vary in their heights and
shape.
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18. Mountains may be arranged in a line
known as range.
Many mountain systems consist of a
series of parallel ranges extending
over hundreds of kilometres.
Mountains vary in their heights and
shape.
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19. TYPES O
•
F FOLD MOUNTAINS
MOUNTAINS
• BLOCK
MOUNTAINS
• VOLCANIC
MOUNTAINS
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20. 1.Fold mountains: The
Himalayan Mountains and
the Alps are young fold
mountains.
The Aravali range in India
is one of the oldest fold
mountain systems in the
world.
•The Applachians, Ural
mountain have rounded
features and low elevation.
They are very old fold
mountains 20

21. Block Mountains are
created when large
areas are broken and
displaced vertically.
The uplifted blocks:
horsts and the lowered
blocks: graben.
The Rhine valley,
vosges mountain in
Europe is an example of
block mountain.
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22. Volcanic mountains
are formed due to
volcanic activities.
Mt.Kilimanjaro in Africa
and Mt. Fujiyama in
Japan are examples.
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23. Mountains are very useful.
• Storehouse of water.
• Rivers have their source.
• in Reservoirs the water is
harnessed.
• Water used for irrigation and
• Generation of hydro-electricity.
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24. Plateaus
A plateau is an elevated
flat land.
•a flat-topped table
land standing above the
surrounding area.
•The height varies
from few hundred
metres to several
thousand metres.
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25. The Deccan plateau in India is one of
the oldest plateaus.
The East African Plateau in Kenya,
Tanzania and Uganda and the
Western plateau of Australia are
other examples.
The Tibet plateau is the highest
plateau in the world with a height of
4,000 to 6,000 metres above mean s.l.
ADVANTAGES
* Rich in mineral deposits. 25

26. *African plateau is famous for
gold and diamond mining.
*In India huge reserves of iron,
coal and manganese are found in
the Chhotanagpur plateau.
* waterfalls :
In India the Hundru falls in
the Chhotanagar
plateau….Jog falls in
Karnataka biggest waterfall.
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28. •The lava plateau are rich in black
soil that are fertile and good for
cultivation.
•Many plateau have scenic spots
and are of great attraction to
tourists.

29. Plains
*Plains are large
stretches of flat land.
*They are, generally,
not more than 200
metres above mean
sea level.
*Plains are formed as
a result of deposition
by rivers.
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30. Features of Plains
•Some plains are extremely level, others amy
be slightly rolling and undulating.
•Most of the plains are formed by rivers and
their tributaries.
•These plains are very thickly populated
regions of the world.
•Some of the largest plains formed by the
Ganga and the Brahmaputra in india, yangtze
in China.
•Plains are the most useful areas for human
habitation.
•More flat land is available for building
houses, as well as for cultivation.

31. Generally, plains
are very fertile.
Construction of
transport network
is easy.
Plains are very
thickly-
populated regions
of the world.
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32. In India the indogangetic plains are
the most densely populated regions of
the country.
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34. Valley
A valley is a
low area
between
higher lands
such as
mountains.
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35. Island
An island is
land that
has water
all around it.
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36. Lake
A lake is
water that
has land all
around it.
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37. Ocean
Oceans are
the largest
bodies of
water on
earth.
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38. Coast
A coast is
the area
where the
ocean
touches the
land.
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39. Desert
A desert is
a hot dry
place with
little or no
rain.
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40. River
A river is
a long
flowing
body of
water.
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41. Humans have been living on different kinds of
landforms in different ways. Life is difficult in
mountainous areas. Plains provide much better
conditions. It is easy to grow crops, build a
house or a road in a plain than a mountain. Can
you point out some differences in the ways
people live on different kinds of landforms?
Sometimes, natural calamities such as
earthquakes, volcanic eruption, storms and
floods cause widespread destruction. Huge loss
of life and property takes place.
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42. By creative awareness about such
incidences we may lower the risks. You
may find out from your own surroundings
in how many ways we use the land and
water. Quite often we use the land in a
wasteful manner, for example constructing
houses on a fertile land. Similarly we throw
garbage on land or in water making them
dirty. We should avoid using such
important gifts of nature in a careless
manner. The available land is not only for
our use. It is our duty to leave the earth a
better place for future generations as well.
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44. Now let’s review!
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45. A is water with
land all around it.
A. Ocean
B. Island
C. Lake
Hint
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46. What is the largest body of
water on Earth?
A. Ocean
B. Lake
C. River
Hint
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47. A is higher than the
land around it.
A. Island
B. Mountain
C. Valley Hint
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48. What is a flowing body of water?
A. Plateau
B. Lake
C. River
Hint
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49. I am land and have water all
around me. What am I?
A. Island
B. Coast
C. Desert Hint
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50. Mail your suggestions to:
abdul.shumz@gmail.com
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